橡胶座非线性弹性压缩特性的理论和试验研究

本文系统地研究分析了与橡胶隔震支座(以下简称为橡胶座)压缩特性有关的基础理论，提出了原点纵向压缩弹性模量、原点压缩刚度、偏压弹性模量、偏压竖向刚度的基本概念，同时还提出了计算剪切变形状态下橡胶座竖向刚度的计算理论。基于纯压缩原点竖向刚度和偏压原点刚度理论，提出了预测橡胶座压缩变形量的计算理论。文中针对新提出的概念和计算理论采用天然橡胶和铅芯橡胶座共计16个原型试件进行了系统的试验研究工作，试验结果表明本文建立的计算理论能够较理想地定量分析橡胶座的刚度和变形特性。     

沾化凹陷下第三系不整合类型及其地质意义

渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷下第三系中发育一系列不整合面，分隔了不同级别的地层单元，地层记录出现了间断。虽然对间断历史的推测十分困难，但这些不同组织、样式与分布的不整合面组成的系列时空型式不仅为各地层单元形成限定了边界约束，而且为整个凹陷的盆地动力学分析提供了时空框架和动力学信息。沾化凹陷的不整合成因类型包括基底不整合、裂陷幕不整合、破裂不整合和与构造活动、水位变化、沉积过程及气候变迁相联系的不整合或沉积间断。综合性的不整合研究不仅可以用于盆地动力学研究，也是石油勘探寻找油气圈闭的有效手段。     

闽西北中生代多金属矿脉的形成机制及其构造意义

闽西北中-高温多金属矿脉集中分布在燕山早期似斑状花岗侵入体的接触带及其附近,属于张裂成因,总体上具有高倾角和NE-NEE向走向。矿脉是含矿热液与地应力共同作用于岩石的产物,很可能形成在相对稳定的构造阶段中,与NW-NNW向构造挤压变形后的应力松驰或区域性抬升剥蚀产生的卸荷有关。     

Geochemical Cycles of Bio-essential Elements on the Early Earth and Their Relationships to Origin of Life

Abstract: The bio-essential elements are demanded for the metabolic action of all living organisms. These elements are continuously supplied to biosphere through the elemental cycle on the surface Earth. The geochemical cycle of bio-essential elements was most likely different in the pre-biotic era (ca. 4.4 to 4.0 Ga) compared to the modern Earth. The difference was probably made by the absence of continents and biological mediation in the pre-biotic environments. Geochemical cycle models of bio-essential elements (P, B and Mo) on the pre-biotic Earth are proposed in this study, and these models are examined using available geochemical data.
The input flux of phosphorous in pre-biotic oceans was probably dominated by submarine hydrothermal activities associated with carbonatized oceanic crusts. Such input flux by submarine hydrothermal activities is not known in the present-day oceans, and probably a unique flux in the pre-biotic oceans. Boron chemistry of pre-biotic oceans was also controlled by submarine hydrothermal input flux. The Mo exchange between the pre-biotic ocean and lithosphere may have restricted only at the submarine hydrothermal areas. These suggest that the submarine hydrothermal discharging areas were only locations to obtain bio-essential elements for the earliest life. This model is consistent with the previously proposed model for hydrothermal origin of life.     

The Geochemical Context of Gas Hydrate in the Eastern Nankai Trough

Abstract. Geochemical studies for gas hydrate, gas and organic matter collected from gas hydrate research wells drilled at the landward side of the eastern Nankai Trough, offshore Tokai, Japan, are reported. Organic matter in the 2355 m marine sediments drilled to Eocene is mainly composed of Type III kerogen with both marine and terrigenous organic input. The gas hydrate-bearing shallow sediments are immature for hydrocarbon generation, whereas the sediments below 2100 mbsf are thermally mature. The origins of gases change from microbial to thermogenic at around 1500 mbsf.
Carbon isotope compositions of CH₄ and CO₂, and hydrocarbon compositions consistently suggest that the CH₄ in the gas hydrate-bearing sediments is generated by microbial reduction of CO₂. The δ¹³C depth-profiles of CH₄ and CO₂ suggest that the microbial methanogenesis is less active in the Nankai Trough sediments compared with other gas hydrate-bearing sediments where solid gas hydrate samples of microbial origin were recovered. Since in situ generative-potential of microbial methane in the Nankai Trough sediments is interpreted to be low due to the low total organic carbon content (0.5 % on the average) in the gas hydrate-bearing shallow sediments, upward migration of microbial methane and selective accumulation into permeable sands should be necessary for the high concentration of gas hydrate in discrete sand layers.     

吐哈盆地西部地区高蜡凝析油和轻质油的地球化学特征及成因分析

吐哈盆地西部地区中、新生界储层中广泛分布着轻质油和凝析油。这些原油具有低密度、低粘度、中等—高含蜡量的特点 ,含蜡量为 5 .5 %～ 2 2 .1% ,高分子量正构烷烃 (n C35～ n C87)含量较高 ,属中—高蜡轻质油或凝析油 ,其地球化学特征及成因机理既不同于常规的高蜡原油 ,又不同于一般意义上的凝析油。吐哈盆地中、新生界高蜡凝析油或轻质油主要来源于侏罗系湖相泥岩和煤系地层中泥岩或煤 ,其形成主要取决于烃源岩的有机显微组分和有机质演化程度。研究区侏罗系湖相泥岩和煤系地层泥岩或煤岩中有机显微组分均以镜质组和壳质组为主 ,壳质组中角质体和木栓质体含量较高 ,具备了既可形成凝析油 ,又可形成高蜡油的条件。由于镜质组与部分壳质组演化形成烃类化合物的活化能相当 ,因此又具备高蜡油与凝析油共生的地球化学条件     

稀有气体与轻稳定同位素气体地球化学的应用研究

稀有气体与CO2、CH4、N2等气体及其同位素的结合研究是近年迅速发展的研究体系。本文综述了2种体系的同位素指标以及CO2/^3He、CH4／^3He、N3／Ar等比值指标在地质领域的研究与应用情况，简述了N2、O2等气体与稀有气体在探索地球大气演化模式方面的概况.     

应用碳同位素动力学方法探讨阿克 1气藏天然气的来源

阿克 1气藏是塔西南前陆区喀什凹陷油气勘探上获得重大突破的工业性气藏.采用金管封闭体系热模拟实验和 GC-IRMS碳同位素测定,结合运用 GOR-ISOTOPE KINETICS专用软件,推导出了塔西南前陆区烃源岩 (煤和泥岩 )热解生成甲烷的碳同位素动力学参数.该区侏罗系煤、侏罗系泥岩和二叠系泥岩的平均活化能分别为 225.86 kJ/mol、 194.03 kJ/mol和 223.45 kJ/mol,甲烷 (12CH4)的指前因子各为 1.00× 1014 s-1、 1.00× 1013 s-1、 1.00× 1014 s-1.在此基础上,利用碳同位素动力学计算结果,并结合地质背景,进一步探讨了阿克 1气藏天然气的来源,为天然气定量评价提供了新思路.阿克 1气藏天然气为烃源岩过成熟阶段的烃产物,属于混源气,主要捕获了 Ro 为 2.0%～ 3.6%阶段的天然气;其气源区包括喀什凹陷中心和阿克 1井推覆体下盘,主力气源岩是石炭系烃源岩.     

Genetic identification of natural gases from shallow reservoirs in some oil- and gas-bearing basins of China

Natural gases of shallow reservoirs with the carbon isotopic compositions of methane ranging from -50‰ to -60‰ (PDB) were considered as mixed gases of biogenic and thermogenic origins previously and some of them were considered as low-mature (or low temperature thermogenic) gases lately. In this paper natural gases with the carbon isotopic compositions of methane in the above range were identified using the molecular and stable carbon isotopic compositions of methane, ethane and propane. The mixed gases of biogenic and mature thermogenic origins display the characteristics of δ 13 C1 ranging from -50‰to -60‰,δ13C2 ＞ -35‰,Δvalues (δ13C3 -δ13C2) ＜ 5‰ and C1/∑C2 ratios ＜ 40. Immature to low-mature gases display the characteristics of δ 13 C1 ranging from - 50‰ to - 60‰, δ13 C2 ＜- 40‰,Δ values (δ13C3 -δ13C2) ＞7‰, and C1/∑C 2 ratios ＞60.     

徐州—淮南地区新元古代臼齿碳酸盐岩成因探讨

臼齿碳酸盐岩是一种发育在中—新元古代，由微亮晶方解石组成的复杂褶皱构造，其成因一百多年来一直是个谜。通过对徐州-淮南地区新元古代臼齿碳酸盐岩特征、形成环境、分布时限研究，探讨了臼齿碳酸盐岩成因。该区臼齿碳酸盐岩发育在台地缓坡沉积体系中，可作为潮下浅水环境的标志，其形态在微层序中的分布反映沉积环境，具有重要的环境意义。建立了臼齿碳酸盐岩微相环境模式。快速石化作用形成均匀、等粒微亮晶方解石，是臼齿碳酸盐岩显著特征。现代类似于发育臼齿碳酸盐岩潮下环境没有这样的快速石化条件，它要求更高的超过饱和CaCO3沉淀。臼齿碳酸盐岩在本区分布时限介于850～720Ma间，在Sturtian冰期之前消失，与全球其他地区臼齿碳酸盐岩消失的时限一致，Sturtian冰期改变了海洋化学性质，是臼齿碳酸盐岩消失的根本原因。Sturtian冰期对海洋化学性质的影响，可能是揭开臼齿碳酸盐岩成因机理的一个重要新途径。