支持向量机优化的克里金插值算法及其海洋资料对比试验

针对常规克里金插值方法中变异函数为有限确定函数,难以准确刻画实际数据分布（特别是复杂要素资料的空间结构）的不足,基于最小二乘支持向量机从实际资料场中拟合重构变异函数的研究思想,提出了一种改进的插值方法——支持向量机—克里金插值算法（SVM-Kriging）。采用常规的克里金方法和支持向量机—克里金插值方法（SVM-Kriging）进行插值试验和对比分析,结果表明：支持向量机—克里金方法（SVM-Kriging）的变异函数源自实际的数据场,它克服了常规克里金插值对变异函数选择的依赖性以及变异函数选择的主观性和人为性,表现出较好的针对性和客观性,较为有效地改善了插值效果。     

对偶Kriging插值方法在气象资料分析中的应用

非对偶Kriging方法是一种局部插值, 因此对每个插值点都要重新求解Kriging线性系统从而非常耗时。该文介绍了通过等价变换将泛Kriging方法转换成对偶Kriging方法, 对偶Kriging方法是一种全局插值, 其Kriging线性系统不依赖插值点, 因此仅需一次求解Kriging线性系统即可计算所有插值点的值, 从而极大提高了计算效率。数值试验的实际计算表明, 对偶Kriging方法不仅计算精度完全与泛Kriging方法一致, 整体效果相当于或优于GrADS绘图软件的Cressman方法; 而且对偶Kriging方法的计算效率远高于泛Kriging方法。最后, 该文通过统计与拟合得到了降水的4类半变异函数模型的表达式, 并通过敏感试验研究4类半变异函数模型对降水分析精度的影响。     

Geostatistical interpolation of object counts collected from multiple strip transects: Ordinary kriging versus finite domain kriging

Data collected along transects are becoming more common in environmental studies as indirect measurement devices, such as geophysical sensors, that can be attached to mobile platforms become more prevalent. Because exhaustive sampling is not always possible under constraints of time and costs, geostatistical interpolation techniques are used to estimate unknown values at unsampled locations from transect data. It is known that outlying observations can receive significantly greater ordinary kriging weights than centrally located observations when the data are contiguously aligned along a transect within a finite search window. Deutsch (1994) proposed a kriging algorithm, finite domain kriging, that uses a redundancy measure in place of the covariance function in the data-to-data kriging matrix to address the problem of overweighting the outlying observations. This paper compares the performances of two kriging techniques, ordinary kriging (OK) and finite domain kriging (FDK), on examining unexploded ordnance (UXO) densities by comparing prediction errors at unsampled locations. The impact of sampling design on object count prediction is also investigated using data collected from transects and at random locations. The Poisson process is used to model the spatial distribution of UXO for three 5000 × 5000 m fields; one of which does not have any ordnance target (homogeneous field), while the other two sites have an ordnance target in the center of the site (isotropic and anisotropic fields). In general, for a given sampling transects width, the differences between OK and FDK in terms of the mean error and the mean square error are not significant regardless of the sampled area and the choice of the field. When 20% or more of the site is sampled, the estimation of object counts is unbiased on average for all three fields regardless of the choice of the transect width and the choice of the kriging algorithm. However, for non-homogeneous fields (isotropic and anisotropic fields), the mean error fluctuates considerably when a small number of transects are sampled. The difference between the transect sampling and the random sampling in terms of prediction errors becomes almost negligible if more than 20% of the site is sampled. Overall, FDK is no better than OK in terms of the prediction performances when the transect sampling procedure is used.     

基于重庆CORS网的电离层VTEC插值研究

通过处理重庆CORS网的5个基准站观测数据,获得5个基准站上空电离层垂直总电子含量(VTEC)。利用其中的4个测站上空的VTEC采用克里金插值和反距离加权插值内插出另外一个测站上空VTEC。将插值结果及广义三角级数函数模型计算的电离层VTEC与实测VTEC进行比较,发现克里金插值和反距离加权插值的精度比广义三角级数函数计算的精度更高,更稳定;且克里金插值精度高于反距离加权插值。     

基于地统计学的GPS高程异常拟合研究

地统计学(Geostatistical Analysis)是一门以区域变化量理论为基础,以变异函数为主要工具,研究分布于空间上既有随机性又有结构性的自然或社会现象的科学,它遵从空间位置相近的地理现象具有相似属性值。GPS点的高程异常在区域内随点平面位置的变化而变化,具有一定的空间相关性。因此,可以将地统计中的相关插值方法应用到GPS高程异常拟合中。通过对地统计原理的分析,结合实例比较了ArcGIS中地统计分析中的相关插值方法在GPS高程异常拟合中的精度情况。     

Estimation and prediction of a 2D lognormal diffusion random field

This paper describes techniques for estimation and prediction of two-parameter lognormal diffusion random fields. The drift and diffusion coefficients, which characterize a two-parameter lognormal diffusion under certain conditions, are estimated by maximum likelihood. For data on a regular grid, an alternative method is proposed to estimate the diffusion coefficient. Both of these estimates are compared in several situations. The kriging predictors are formulated involving the drift and diffusion coefficients and the predictions are obtained using the estimates of these coefficients.     

考虑初始倾斜的风机塔近场抗震可靠度分析

为研究初始倾斜对风机塔结构动力可靠度的影响,利用高精度免棱镜全站仪实测某2 MW风力发电塔缩尺模型的初始倾斜缺陷,并通过ABAQUS软件分别建立倾斜以及无倾斜的有限元模型,开展结构在八度多遇近场随机地震动作用下的动力反应分析,随之采用Kriging插值模型结合子集模拟方法,计算两类模型在首次超越破坏准则下的抗震可靠度。研究结果表明：初始倾斜缺陷放大了结构塔顶侧移响应,在均值意义上,初始倾斜缺陷使得该风机塔缩尺模型的塔顶侧移增幅达7.8%;当侧移阈值达到6 mm时,所述两类模型的可靠度均接近于1,当设计阈值超过此数值时,模型初始倾斜带来的不利影响可忽略不计,而当设计阈值不足时,结构安全水准会因初始倾斜的存在而明显降低。因此,在风机塔可靠性设计中,建议对初始倾斜缺陷带来的可靠度下降这一因素加以考虑。     

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用遗传算法改进模糊隶属度克里格插值的研究

克里格法是一种应用广泛的空间插值方法,本文研究了指示克里格法和模糊隶属度克里格法,讨论了用遗传算法对模糊隶属度克里格法进行改进的可能性及效果,并在空气污染数据插值中对3种方法的效果进行了比较.实验结果分析表明,遗传算法改进的模糊隶属度克里格插值在结果上要优干前2种方法,且具有鲁棒性较高和适应性较强等优点.     

基于北斗导航系统的我国地基增强格网模型研究

基于全国均匀分布的210个北斗地基增强基准站观测数据,提出基于非差非组合精密单点方法获取空间相关的延迟误差及残差,研究利用反距离加权法、克里金插值法以及球谐函数法建立了中国区域的三种地基增强格网模型。使用单频伪距单点定位方法对中国区域的北斗地基增强格网模型定位精度进行了评估,验证结果表明本文建立的格网模型的定位精度达到米级,可满足大众用户的需求。