泉州湾洛阳江口2种红树林生境大型底栖动物群落多样性比较

为探讨泉州湾洛阳江口桐花树和秋茄2种红树林生境的大型底栖动物群落是否存在明显差异,于2011年4月至2012年1月对2种红树林生境的大型底栖动物进行了季度定量调查.结果表明：4个季度在2种红树林生境定量取样获得大型底栖动物49种,其中多毛类15种,腹足类8种,甲壳类15种,鱼类3种,昆虫2种,刺胞动物、扁形动物、纽形动物、星虫动物、寡毛类和双壳类各1种.寡鳃齿吻沙蚕（Nephtys oligobranchia）、短拟沼螺（Assiminea brevicula）、弧边招潮蟹（Uca arcuata）、指海葵（Actinia sp.）等在2种生境均有较高的栖息密度,可口革囊星虫（Phascolosoma esculenta）是2种生境的常见种,但栖息密度不高.虽然秋茄生境的大型底栖动物平均生物量高于桐花树生境,但桐花树生境的大型底栖动物群落的物种数、栖息密度、多样性指数（H’）、均匀度指数（J）和丰富度指数（d）均高于秋茄生境.单变量双因素方差分析（Two-way ANOVA）表明,2种红树林生境的大型底栖动物群落的多样性指数和均匀度指数有显著的季节差异、生境差异以及生境×季节差异.聚类分析表明,2种红树林生境的大型底栖动物群落组成的相似性较高,其原因是它们所处的潮区相同、沉积物类型相似和底质粒径相近.     

Activity levels of 210Po and 210Pb in some fish species of the Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea)

We investigated the spatial scales of variation of macrofauna in intertidal flats subjected to different levels of contamination from urban effluents in two areas sampled in the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex. The scales considered were: Conditions; Tidal flats and Plots. Although the numerically dominant taxa showed the greatest variability at a scale of Tidal flats, the variability at the Condition scale was also significant. Tubificinae sp. 1, Laeonereis culveri and Heteromastus sp. were the most abundant organisms in the Contaminated area, while Heleobia australis was most abundant in the Non-contaminated area. Our results, contrary to those frequently observed in the literature, showed that the variability was significant at the scale of hundreds of metres (Tidal flats). At this scale, the intrinsic characteristics of each tidal flat are more important in determining macrofaunal distribution, while the effects of the urban sewage contamination represent the primary forces acting at a greater spatial scale.     

Tidal and Fluvial Influence on Shallow Groundwater Fluctuation in Coastal Wetlands in Yellow River Delta,China

In coastal wetland, groundwater is influenced by both tidal processes and land hydrological processes. To study the influences of tidal processes and river runoff on the shallow groundwater dynamic in coastal wetland of the Yellow River Delta, surface and shallow groundwater depth were monitored. It was found that in the east part of the study area where close to the shoreline, surface is characteristic of obvious periodicity, the fluctuation of surface water was mainly controlled by tidal processes. As to the shallow groundwater, fluctuation of water depth is also influenced by the tidal process and has obvious periodicity similar to the surface water. In the north part of the study area, the shallow groundwater is mainly influenced by the Yellow River runoff. The influence distance of tidal processes and river runoff on shallow groundwater system is 14 700 and 11 600 m, respectively.     

泉州湾河口湿地红树林区鸟类组成和年变动研究

2011年10月至2012年9月对泉州湾河口湿地红树林区鸟类多样性进行了调查,共记录到79种鸟类,隶属12目27科。其中,冬候鸟40种、留鸟31种和夏候鸟8种。红树林区古北界鸟类41种,东洋界鸟类35种,广布种3种。分析了泉州湾河口湿地红树林区鸟类分布和年变动情况,比较了福建省6个红树林区湿地鸟类季节型的组成,指出泉州湾河口湿地红树林鸟类保护存在的问题,并提出了保护建议。     

Distributions of picophytoplankton and phytoplankton pigments along a salinity gradient in the Changjiang River Estuary,China

We investigated the abundance of different picophytoplankton groups and the phytoplankton pigment ratio in relation to environmental factors such as nutrients and suspended solids along a salinity gradient in the Changjiang River Estuary. The average numbers of Synechococcus spp.(Syn) and picoeukaryotes(Euk) were(2.7 ±5.1) ×103 and(1.1±1.4) ×103 cells m L-1, respectively. Prochlorococcus spp.(Pro) was only found in the high-salinity brackish water with the concentration of 3.0×103 cells m L-1. Syn and Euk numbers both tended to increase offshore and Syn showed a larger variation in cell abundance than Euk. The contribution of picophytoplankton to total phytoplankton biomass increased with increasing salinity and decreasing nutrient concentrations from the estuary to the open ocean. The response of different picophytoplankton groups to environmental variables was different. Water temperature was more important in its control over Euk than over Syn, while nutrients were more important in their influence over Syn than over Euk. Phytoplankton pigment ratios were different in the three different ecological zones along the salinity gradient(i.e., freshwater zone with 0-5 range, fresh and saline water mixing zone with 5-20 range, and high-salinity brackish water zone with 20-32 range), where three different phytoplankton communities were discovered, suggesting that phytoplankton pigment ratios can be considered as a complementary indicator of phytoplankton community structure in the Changjiang River Estuary.     

Organochlorine micropollutants in the Jiulong River Estuary and Western Xiamen Sea, China

Organochlorine contaminants including 12 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and 18 insecticides were determined in water, pore water and sediments of the Jiulong River Estuary and Western Xiamen Sea, China. The results showed that the levels of the total PCBs ranged from non-detectable to 1500 ng l⁻¹ in water, from 209 to 3870 ng l⁻¹ in pore water, and from 2.78 to 14.8 ng g⁻¹ dry weight in sediments. Total organochlorine insecticide concentrations were from below the limit of detection to 2480 ng l⁻¹ in water, from 267 to 33400 ng l⁻¹ in pore water, and from 4.22 to 46.3 ng g⁻¹ dry weight in sediments. Concentrations of PCBs and insecticides in pore water were significantly higher than those in surface water, due to the high affinity of these hydrophobic compounds for sediment phase. The PCB congeners with the highest concentrations were CB153, CB180 and CB194, which together accounted for 68–87% of total PCBs in water, pore water and sediment. Among the hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) compounds, beta-HCH was found to be a major isomer. Analysis of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-chlorophenyl-ethane (DDT) and its metabolites showed that 1,1-dichloro-2[o-chlorophenyl]-2[p-chlorophenyl]-ethylene (DDE) was dominant in the group. In comparison to a 1998 study in the Western Xiamen Sea, levels of organochlorines were enhanced due probably to recent inputs and changes in sediments.     

最近25年珠江口水环境的遥感监测

应用遥感技术手段监测珠江口水质环境的变化。根据Landsat卫星在最近25年间的图像信息,显示出珠江口与香港周围海域浑浊水域不断扩大的趋势,揭示多种因素叠加带来海洋环境恶化的深层原因。研究方法上提出了在邻近海岸带的浑浊和较浅的二类水体中存在“多次散射”的概念,应用海洋遥感研究成果“斜率法”进行标定,并尝试应用“对比”的方法探讨二类水体的图像处理方法。     

最近25年珠江口水环境的遥感监测

应用遥感技术手段监测珠江口水质环境的变化。根据Landsat卫星在最近25年间的图像信息,显示出珠江口与香港周围海域浑浊水域不断扩大的趋势,揭示多种因素叠加带来海洋环境恶化的深层原因。研究方法上提出了在邻近海岸带的浑浊和较浅的二类水体中存在“多次散射”的概念,应用海洋遥感研究成果“斜率法”进行标定,并尝试应用“对比”的方法探讨二类水体的图像处理方法。     

Modelling of tidal motion in shoaling waters: The estuary of Milford Haven

An experimental survey of the estuary of Milford Haven has been carried out in which velocity, temperature and salinity have been measured over the full extent of the estuary during a complete spring and a complete neap- tidal cycle. The measurements were taken from three survey vessels, each of which was used to service six or seven survey points so that the measurements comprised a total of about 40 vertical profiles distributed over a grid of 20 survey points for each tide. Tide level measurements at two points were made simultaneously. The experimental measurements of tidal level have been used to calibrate a two-dimensional mathematical model based upon a new numerical representation of the shallow water equations. The predictions of velocity for the model have been compared with vertically integrated velocities calculated from experiments, and good agreement has been found over the full extent of the estuary.The effect of a strong south-westerly wind in the estuary has been examined in numerical simulation.     

Behaviour of copper,zinc, iron and manganese during experimental resuspension and reoxidation of polluted anoxic sediments

Samples of anoxic intertidal sediments from the Mersey Estuary, north-west England, have been used in laboratory experiments to determine the rates and extents of metal (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) releases to solution under conditions of controlled resuspension and reoxidation. An experimental system for the study of sediment-water interactions at various temperatures, salinities, pHs and oxygen concentrations is described. The results indicate rapid initial losses of Fe and Mn from sediment but not Cu and Zn with longer term readsorption of Fe and Mn to give partitioning between the aqueous/ sediment phases for all four metals which is similar to that under the initial anoxic conditions. Cu and Zn show small, but measurable, net losses from the aqueous phase to the reoxidized sediment. Salinity variations exert little influence on the processes observed, but increasing temperature produces increased Cu, Zn and Mn in the dissolved fraction at equilibrium conditions. Exchanges of Cu and Zn between the sediment/water phases are rather insensitive to pH or oxygen concentration, but Fe and Mn do respond to increasing pH which suppresses their initial release on oxidation. Low oxygen concentrations can result in a slow but significant release of Fe. In relation to trace metal pollution in estuaries and biological availability, the results suggest that the resuspension and oxidation of polluted anoxic sediments is not an important process because of scavenging of soluble metals on to the resuspended material.