Analysis of new microsatellite markers developed from reported sequences of Japanese flounder <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paralichthys olivaceus</Emphasis>

The expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, were selected from GenBank to identify simple sequence repeats (SSRs) or microsatellites. A bioinformatic analysis of 11111 ESTs identified 751 SSR-containing ESTs, including 440 dinucleotide, 254 trinucleotide, 53 tetranucleotide, 95 pentanucleotide and 40 hexanucleotide microsatellites respectively. The CA/TG and GA/TC repeats were the most abundant microsatellites. AT-rich types were predominant among trinucleotide and tetranucleotide microsatellites. PCR primers were designed to amplify 10 identified microsatellites loci. The PCR results from eight pairs of primers showed polymorphisms in wild populations. In 30 wild individuals, the mean observed and expected heterozygosities of these 8 polymorphic SSRs were 0.71 and 0.83 respectively and the average PIC value was 0.8. These microsatellite markers should prove to be a useful addition to the microsatellite markers that are now available for this species.     

The toxic mechanism of high lethality of herbicide butachlor in marine flatfish flounder, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paralichthys olivaceus</Emphasis>

The toxic mechanism of herbicide butachlor to induce extremely high lethality in marine flatfish flounder, Paralichthys Olivaceus, was analyzed by histopathological examination, antioxidant enzymes activities and ATP content assay. Histopathological examination of gill, liver and kidney of exposed fishes showed that gill was a target organ of butachlor. The butachlor seriously impaired the respiration of gills by a series of lesions such as edema, lifting and detachment of lamellar epithelium, breakdown of pillar cells, and blood congestion. The dysfunction of gill respiration caused suffocation to the exposed flounder with extremely high acute lethality. Antioxidant enzyme activity assay of the in vitro cultured flounder gill(FG)cells exposed to butachlor indicated that butachlor markedly inhibited the antioxidant enzyme activities of Superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT)and glutathione peroxidase(GPX). Furthermore, along with the decline of antioxidant enzyme activities, ATP content in the exposed FG cells decreased, too. This infers that the oxidative stress induced by butachlor can inhibit the production of cellular ATP. Similar decrease of ATP content was also observed in the exposed flounder gill tissues. Taken together, as in FG cells, butachlor possibly induced a short supply of ATP in pillar cells by inhibiting the antioxidant enzyme activities and then affecting the contractibility of the pillar cells, which in turn resulted in the blood congestion and suffocation of exposed flounder.     

日本山地冰期特征对我国东部“低海拔型”山地冰川的启示

日本列岛冰川作用的启动时间大致控制在末次冰期范围内,包含末次冰期早期(MIS4)、末次冰期中期(MIS3b)和末次冰期晚期(MIS2)及全新世几个阶段,冰期规模呈现依次递减的变化规律。结合影响冰川发育的地形(海拔高度)和气候条件:充沛的降水、活跃的新构造运动和适宜的地理位置等因素同步响应,体现出冰川发育的优越性与特殊性。因此,日本列岛冰川作用在东亚季风区启动时间最早,消退时间最晚,冰川发育环境最优,冰进期大致控制于几次寒冷降温事件。与同纬度大陆区的我国东部山地的对比,中国东部发育"低海拔型"山地冰川的结论值得商榷。     

基于耳石微结构的黄、渤海蓝点马鲛幼鱼日龄与生长

鱼类的生长是影响群体资源量的要素,研究鱼类的生长规律是开展资源评估工作的基础。本研究依据2016年9–1 0月和2017年8–1 0月在黄渤海采集的当年生蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)幼鱼,通过耳石微结构分析,确定了蓝点马鲛孵化期,建立了生长模型并估算了生长率。结果显示,幼鱼日龄范围为64～151 d,孵化日期为5月3日至6月15日,高峰期集中在5月20日至6月3日。叉长和体质量的生长符合Logistic生长模型。叉长平均绝对生长率和特定生长率分别为2.45 mm/d和0.85%/d,生长率随着日龄增大而小幅度减小。体质量平均绝对生长率和特定生长率分别为5.33 g/d和2.68%/d,最大绝对生长率和最大特定生长率分别出现在111～120 d和91～100 d。本研究表明,蓝点马鲛幼鱼生长随日龄发生变化,早期生长较以往进一步加快。     

饲料中添加锌对牙鲆生长和生化指标的影响

含锌３７．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ的基础饲料中,分别加入锌０,１５,３０,５０,８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,饲喂初重为３０．８５～３４．８５ｇ的牙鲆幼鱼１个月。结果表明,饲料中添加锌,鱼的增重率、肝脏锌含量、肠粘膜碱性磷酸酶活性都高于不添加组;且有随添加量加大而增加的趋势。当添加锌８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ时,此３项指标达到最大,分别为１１２．７％,４３．８ｍｇ／ｋｇ和１８．２８Ｕ／ｍｇ蛋白质。但添加锌没有影响鱼的成活率和肌肉锌含量。此结果说明,添加锌对牙鲆鱼苗具有促生长作用。建议在牙鲆的实用饲料中,锌添加量应大于８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,锌的总含量应在１１９．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ以上。     

大西洋牙鲆胚胎发育的形态观察

为了掌握大西洋牙鲆早期发育的规律,2005年2月在实验室利用显微镜和显微数码摄像显示系统观察测量拍摄大西洋牙鲆受精卵胚胎发育和初孵仔鱼的形态特征,描述并记录其发育过程和时间。大西洋牙鲆的卵为球形游离的浮性卵,卵径平均977μm,单油球,偶见2或3油球,油球径180μm。在水温19~20.8℃时孵化,大约受精后50 min胚盘形成,5 h30 min进入囊胚期,8 h后进入原肠胚期,21 h左右进入胚体器官分化期,40 h后尾部游离,心跳开始,胚体搐动,51~52 h孵出。实验表明,大西洋牙鲆受精卵的孵化进度与水温相关。孵化时间(Ht)与水温(t/℃)关系方程为Ht=3 154.8t-1.333 6(R2=0.925 4)。     

海水主要离子在合浦珠母贝精子激活中的作用

合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)是我国海产珍珠重要母贝,其大批量种苗的人工繁殖于70年代获得成功合浦珠母贝的繁殖生物学有其特殊的地方,即人工解剖获得的精子在自然海水中不运动,没有受精能力,需用一定的化学物质激活才能受精[1-3]。     

牙鲆野生群体与养殖群体的遗传多样性分析

利用AFLP技术对荣成野生群体和养殖群体牙鲆进行遗传多样性分析和比较。实验采用 7对引物组合在 2个群体中共扩增出 797个位点 ,其中多态位点数为 43 3个 ,占总位点数的 5 4.2 7%。各引物组合在 2个群体中的扩增位点数目和多态位点比例有较大不同 ,但养殖群体的总扩增位点数和多态位点比例均低于野生群体 ,野生群体和养殖群体的平均多态位点率分别为 46.18%和 40 .0 7% ,其中 ,E3 8M 5 0引物组合在两群体中扩增的多态位点比例差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。养殖群体中低频位点明显减少而隐性纯合基因位点显著增加。群体遗传结构分析表明 ,两群体间的遗传距离比较小 ,群体遗传结构相似 ,说明养殖群体尚没有形成自己独立的遗传结构。