陕西关中西北部一次短时强降水过程的成因分析

利用常规气象观测资料、陕西区域自动站观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料和卫星雷达探测资料,对2012年8月13日关中西北部一次短时强降水过程的成因进行动力学诊断分析,结果表明:在有利于触发中小尺度系统发生及其发展的条件下造成了本次短时局地强降水,雨区环境大气为低层对流不稳定、中层条件对称不稳定、高层对流不稳定的混合型不稳定层结。从卫星和雷达资料分析显示强降水过程是两个不同的中小尺度系统造成,前期是中β尺度干线、辐合线触发带状对流性降水,后期是中β尺度Ω系统触发圆形状对流性强降水。短时强降水雷达反射率因子呈低质心结构,具有热带降雨型特征。     

暴雨发生的不稳定条件的试验

本文根据Ｈｏｓｋｉｎｓ所提出的惯性重力波不稳定判据：Ｒｉ＜ｆ／ζａ，结合湿斜压大气的特点，对１９９６年６月２９日０２时发生在我国东部的一次降水过程进行了分析，得出了下列特征：西南低空急流是降水得以产生所需水汽的载体；对流层下部深厚不稳定层结是对流性降水所必须的热力层结条件；该地区对流层下部满足Ｒｉｓｅ＜ｆ／ζａ，６ｈ后该地区惯性重力波不稳定增长。在充足水汽条件下，该地区发生暴雨。     

Instability in the 3rd Dimension of the Extended Störmer Problem

The problem of motions of charged particles or charged grains of matter in the field of two magnetic dipoles in rotation about a common center are studied by means of computing families of periodic solutions and their stability. Ten such families are found and their stability study shows that only two out of the ten have short arcs of stable members, all with low inclination to the plane of the two dipoles, while the rest of the families consist exclusively of unstable solutions. Hence the impact of adding one dipole to the configuration of the Störmer problem, leads to the conclusion that in the modified system the three-dimensional motions are basically unstable unlike those of the one-dipole case. The model magnetic field used in this study is a first approximation of the Z3model of the magnetic field of Saturn as computed from the Pioneer 11 and Voyager 1 and 2 measurements.     

Dynamic behaviour of axially pre-loaded tubular steel members of offshore structures subjected to impact damage

The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included.     

The mesoscale variability in the Caribbean Sea. Part II: Energy sources

The processes which drive the production and the growth of the strong mesoscale eddy field in the Caribbean Sea are examined using a general circulation model. Diagnostics of the simulations suggest that:(1) The mean currents in the Caribbean Sea are intrinsically unstable. The nature of the instability and its strength vary spatially due to strong differences of current structure among basins.(2) The greatest and most energetic eddies of the Caribbean Sea originate in the Venezuela Basin by mixed barotropic-baroclinic instability of an intense jet, formed with waters mostly from the surface return flow of the Meridional Overturning Circulation and the North Equatorial Current which converge and accelerate through the Grenada Passage. The vertical shear of this inflow is enhanced by an eastward undercurrent, which flows along the south American Coast between 100 and 250 m depth. The shallow eddies (less than 200 m depth) formed in the vicinity of the Grenada Passage get rapidly deeper (down to 1000 m depth) and stronger by their interaction with the deep interior flow of the Subtropical Gyre, which enters through passages north of St. Lucia. These main eastern Caribbean inflows merge and form the southern Caribbean Current, whose baroclinic instability is responsible for the westward growth and strengthening of these eddies from the Venezuela to the Colombia Basin.(3) Eddies of lesser strength are produced in other regions of the Caribbean Sea. Their generation and growth is also linked with instability of the local currents. First, cyclones are formed in the cyclonic shear of the northern Caribbean Current, but appear to be rapidly dissipated or absorbed by the large anticyclones coming from the southern Caribbean. Second, eddies in the Cayman Sea, which impact the Yucatan region, are locally produced and enhanced by barotropic instability of the deep Cayman Current.(4) The role of the North Brazil Current (NBC) rings is mostly to act as a finite perturbation for the instability of the mean flow. Their presence near the Lesser Antilles is ubiquitous and they appear to be linked with most of the Caribbean eddies. There are some evidences that the frequency at which they form near the Grenada Passage is influenced by the frequency at which the NBC rings impinge the Lesser Antilles. But large Caribbean eddies also form without a close influence of any ring, and comparison between simulations shows that mean eddy kinetic energy and eddy population in the Caribbean Sea are not substantially different in absence or presence of NBC rings: their presence is not a necessary condition for the generation and growth of the Caribbean eddies.     

基本流场切变对赤道长Rossby波的影响

文中应用赤道β平面近似 ,建立一个简单的斜压大气半地转模式 ,在热力学方程中引入表征基本位温场 (θ)经向分布特征的无量纲参数 σ,对线性化的扰动方程进行了频率分析 ,研究基本位温场经向非均匀分布以及基本气流垂直切变对赤道纬向超长尺度 Rossby波动的影响 ,并指出仅考虑基本气流垂直切变或者基本位温场变化的作用是不合适的。定性分析结果表明 :基本位温场经向温差必然有基本气流垂直切变与其相匹配 ,而基本气流垂直切变将导致赤道长 Rossby波动不稳定并影响其纬向传播速度     

耦合模式长期积分中东亚夏季风与ENSO联系的不稳定性

通过对挪威卑尔根全球大气-海洋-海冰耦合模式300a控制积分结果进行交叉子波分析,揭示了东亚夏季风（EASM）与同期Nio3区（90°W～150°W,5°S～5°N）海洋表面温度异常的相关关系在长期变化中是不稳定的,呈现出明显的阶段性特征.气候要素场在二者联系的紧密（HCP）和微弱（LCP）时期差别显著,在HCP时期,西北太平洋对流层低层出现一对耦合的异常气旋和反气旋性环流系统;东南亚地区对流层低层表现为强东风异常,风速的年际变率加大;热带西太平洋对流层温度和位势高度场的年际变率普遍加强.此外,中国夏季降水与同期Nio3区海洋表面温度异常的相关关系在上述两种时期也存在较大差别.     

西康高速公路K129滑坡失稳分析及治理工程动态设计与信息化施工

K129滑坡位于陕西镇安县青铜镇梅花铺以东古滑坡体上,高速公路的修建迫使102省道向山侧改线,挖除古滑坡前缘近6×104m3土体,未采取合理的防护措施。2009年10月,古滑坡出现复活,变形迅速发展,造成高速公路路面隆起、挡墙开裂,呈现整体下滑趋势。滑坡一旦失稳,不仅中断西康高速公路和102省道,而且可能堵塞乾佑河,形成滑坡坝和堰塞湖,对上下游人民的生命财产造成严重威胁。针对该滑坡,以地质分析为基础,深入研究了滑坡的失稳破坏模式。分析发现,粉质黏土混碎块石与千枚岩组成的脆弱地质结构和水岩作用是形成滑坡的控制因素,集中降雨是滑坡发生的主要诱发因素,工程开挖削弱滑坡的锁固段,加速了滑坡的变形。同时,利用多种监测成果和施工反馈信息,反映出滑坡的变形速率特征和空间变形特征,即以后部推移为主,前部牵引为辅的基岩接触面滑坡,并及时采取应急抢险工程,调整设计和施工方案,做到动态设计和信息化施工,确保了滑坡治理工程安全顺利完成。     

斜坡失稳的燕尾突变模型

文章对一个平面滑动型斜坡,考虑滑面介质有和上部岩体由不同力学性质的材料组成,上部岩体为弹性介质,滑带介质为应变软化介质。对应变软化介质,用W e ibu ll分布描述滑带介质的剪应力与应变关系,建立了斜坡系统的燕尾突变模型。通过分析,发现斜坡失稳与刚度比具有极大关联性。随着刚度比的增大,斜坡开始滑动时的0值降低不断降低,突跳时*值也随着降低。此时的临界值x*增大,突跳量x变小。当刚度比增加到一定程度后,会出现无突跳式的滑动。