1850年以来呼伦湖沉积物无机碳埋藏时空变化

湖泊沉积物碳埋藏及其驱动机制是陆地生态系统碳循环及全球变化研究的热点问题之一,但以往湖泊碳循环的研究大多局限于有机碳,较少考虑无机碳的地位和作用.我国干旱-半干旱地区湖泊众多、无机碳储量丰富,在区域碳循环过程中的作用日益突出,因此探讨这些地区湖泊沉积物无机碳埋藏变化对深入理解区域碳循环具有重要意义.本研究通过对内蒙古高原呼伦湖15个沉积岩芯样品无机碳含量(TIC)的测定,结合沉积岩芯210Pb、137Cs年代标尺,分析了1850年以来呼伦湖无机碳埋藏速率时空变化,并揭示了影响呼伦湖无机碳埋藏的主要因素.结果表明,1980s之前,呼伦湖无机碳含量总体维持在相对稳定的低值,1980s之后开始快速增加,且近百年来呼伦湖平均无机碳含量在不同湖区差异不显著.1850年以来呼伦湖无机碳埋藏速率变化范围约为7.10～74.29 g/(m2·a),平均值约为36.15 g/(m2·a),且大体上可分为3个阶段,即1900s以前相对稳定的低值阶段、1900s-1950s期间的快速增加阶段以及1950s以来的波动增加阶段,各阶段无机碳埋藏速率平均值分别约为10.40、26.29和41.00 g/(m2·a).空间上,呼伦湖无机碳埋藏速率整体表现为中部高、南北两端低的分布格局,这可能与湖心水动力条件相对稳定,有利于碳酸盐沉积有关.此外,呼伦湖无机碳埋藏速率与湖区温度变化呈显著正相关,而与周边人类活动影响关系不明显,表明在未来全球变暖背景下,呼伦湖无机碳埋藏速率将进一步增加,湖泊在区域碳循环中的作用将更加显著.     

地壳的新的地球物理模型与石油的无机成因说

根据深地震测深法，大爆破，天然地震转换波法，区域对比折射比，共深度点法，结合重，磁，电法等地球物理方法，建立了含油气盆地的“缺花岗岩”型的地壳模型，这种模型地地质条件下费托合成无机油气；近期提出的深部－浅部“立交桥模型”更为这种油气生成，运移成藏提供了可能；而沥青，干酪根的Ｐｂ，Ｓｒ，Ｎｄ同位素数据则为原油的无机成因揭示了十分可靠的证据，原油中Ｓｉ－Ｃ键有机化全物的发现更为这种形成机理提供了一个重     

黄河口沉积物中无机磷酸盐的存在形态

本文对1989年5月和8月采集的黄河口附近浅海表层沉积物及柱状沉积物进行了磷酸盐形态(吸附态磷、铝磷、铁磷、闭蓄态磷和钙磷)的分析,并对几个样品的不同粒级也分别作了形态分析。结果表明,钙磷占无机磷的大部分;闭蓄态磷次之;铝磷和吸附态磷再次之;铁磷含量极微。除钙磷(由于有矿物磷的存在)在粉砂粒级中含量最高外,其它各形态磷的含量均随粒度变细而增高。     

Analysis of seawater and different highly saline natural waters by capillary zone electrophoresis

Innovative applications of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) to the determination of inorganic ions in environmental aquatic samples of high salinity and, particularly, in seawater are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on advanced approaches utilized for securing separation performance from being degraded by the presence of matrix salts and for simultaneous separation of ions different in natural abundance. Also covered are methodologies of present or possible use to evolve the method's practical utility to trace-level ions. Surveyed procedures are tabulated for the purpose of facilitating the method selection or further development. In addition, brief background information on basic methodological principles of CZE in inorganic ion analysis is given for a better orientation of those intending or just beginning to put CZE to work. Finally, possible future research trends and developments of CZE in the area are briefly discussed.     

海水中微量无机离子的气相色谱测定的研究

本文讨论了介绍了用气相色谱法测定海水中无机离子Ｓｅ（－Ⅱ，Ｏ，Ⅳ，Ⅵ）；Ｂｅ（Ⅱ）；Ｃｒ（Ⅲ，Ⅳ）；ＣＨ３Ｈｇ＾＋，ＮＯ３，ＮＯ２，Ｂｒ，Ｉ，ＣＮ的测定方法和色谱条件。     

北海半岛近岸水域无机氮的变化特征

根据1988～1999年8个航次对北海半岛水域的调查资料。从无机氮的分布特征及三态氮的百分组成着手，分析研究了该水域无机氮的变化规律。结果表明：该水域无机氮含量具有春季明显高于冬季的分布特点。但三态无机氮的转化程度不高。与该水域无机氮的供应源以沿岸排污为主要输入途径有关；10年间无机氮的含量变化无论是整个海域还是局部海域，均以春季变幅远大于冬季，但在组成上春季NO3^-明显低于冬季，NH4^ 则与此相反。这与各时期不同季节氮的补充与消耗途径及转化速率不同有关。     

Stability analysis of membrane‐reinforced curved earth retaining walls,using a multiphase approach

The stability analysis of curved earth retaining walls, stabilized by reinforcing membranes, is investigated by means of a multiphase model developed in the framework of the yield design approach. This model is an extension of that previously developed for soils reinforced by linear inclusions. It combines the advantage of a homogenization approach in terms of improved computational efficiency, with its capability to account for a specific soil–reinforcement failure condition, in a rational and systematic way. Application of this model is performed on the illustrative example of a cylindrical‐reinforced retaining wall by means of the kinematic approach of yield design, which provides upper bound estimates for the retaining wall stability factor. Nondimensional charts are finally presented assessing the influence of relevant parameters such as the curvature of the wall, the length of the reinforcing membranes or the reinforcement pull‐out resistance. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Leaching of inorganics in the Cretaceous Greymouth coal beds, South Island, New Zealand

Leaching processes are believed to be responsible for the unusually low-ash content (sometimes less than 1%) of the thick (up to 35 m) Cretaceous coals located in the Greymouth coalfield, South Island, New Zealand. Although leaching of inorganics in peat is a generally accepted process, little is known about leaching after burial. The “Main” and “E” seams in the Greymouth coalfield show good correlation between low ash and bed thickness. The ash content, however, is often less than 1%, which is lower than most known modern analogues (i.e. peat). There are several lines of evidence that suggest that mineral matter may have been removed from the coal not only in the peat stage but also after burial. For example, etching features found in quartz grains and clay aggregates indicate that some leaching processes have taken place. In addition, liptinitic material (e.g., bitumen) in the cleat networks supports the conclusion that there has been some movement of solutions through the coal after burial. These solutions may have helped to remove some of the inorganics originally within the Greymouth coals.     

新疆14C年代测定及数据集（I＊）

主要介绍新疆维吾尔自治区地震局放射性同位素碳测年实验室的１４Ｃ测年原理,样品的前处理、样品的化学制备,低水平放射性测量方法及测定年代。首次公布一批１４Ｃ年代测定数据。     

东海中北部海域秋季表层海水中无机碳与海气界面碳的迁移

基于2010 年11 月对长江口外东海中北部海域的综合调查, 系统研究了该海域的无机碳体系参数的分布特征、海?气界面二氧化碳通量及其影响因素。研究结果表明, 该海域秋季溶解无机碳(DIC)高值区主要出现在调查海域东北部及长江口附近海域, 而调查海域南部DIC 含量较少且变化平缓, 其主要是受台湾东部流向东北方向的黑潮支流及长江冲淡水的影响; 表层海水CO₂分压(pCO₂)值变化范围为40.8～63.5 Pa, 呈现沿黑潮支流流入方向由东南向西北逐渐增高的趋势。秋季表层海水pCO₂与温度(T)、盐度(S)有较好的负相关性, 说明海水温度升高和盐度增加, pCO₂降低, 反之亦然。另外, 通过估算得出, 秋季CO₂海-气交换通量为2.69～33.66 mmol/(m²·d), 平均值为(14.35 ± 7.06 )mmol/(m²·d),其在长江口邻近海域相对较大, 而在调查海域南部相对较小; 2010 年秋季水体向大气释放CO₂的量(以碳计)为(2.35 ± 1.16)×104 t/d, 是大气CO₂较强的源, 说明东海中北部海域秋季总体上是CO₂的源。