库岸再造对雅泸高速公路岗子上隧道进口岸坡的影响

雅泸高速公路青杠咀特大桥泸沽岸桥台与岗子上隧道进口衔接段位于大渡河右岸上部冰积扇上,由于瀑布沟水电站的蓄水将使岸坡前缘约1/4部分没于水下。对整个岸坡影响较大的岩土体主要是由上-中更新统冰积、冰水沉积层组成的冰水堆积物,这类岩土体在水的作用下,其物理力学性质和强度将会发生显著变化,弱化工程性状,从而影响岸坡的稳定性及桥台布置。可以预见,对岸坡起主要影响作用的外部条件就是水的作用,库岸再造将是影响岸坡稳定性的控制性因素。本文以岗子上隧道进口岸坡为研究对象,通过对岸坡工程地质条件、岩土体结构及物理力学特性、岸坡影响因素的分析,深入研究了瀑布沟电站水库蓄水后引起的库岸再造对岸坡稳定性的影响。并采用卡丘金法、两段法(多段法)、极限平衡分析法对库岸再造影响宽度进行预测。3种方法的预测结果表明:瀑布沟电站蓄水后该段岸坡各个不同部位均会产生不同程度的塌岸破坏。根据该库岸岸坡的结构特点和3种方法的适用条件,提出对库岸岸坡不同梯段需要采用不同的预测方法综合预测,即对于水下岸坡可按两段法预测,而对于水上岸坡可综合考虑卡丘金法和极限平衡法的计算结果。对于类似库岸岸坡的稳定性分析具有一定的指导意义。     

松辽冰盖与松辽分水岭翘板迁移间的动力关系探讨

广布于松辽平原科尔沁沙地的巨型弧形沙垄的成因一直未能得到很好解释,该项研究采用罗根冰碛变形机理对该区的巨型弧形沙垄、密布的湖泡等特征地貌进行分析,发现其与斯堪的纳维亚冰盖、劳伦泰德冰盖的冰下软基变形地貌特征具有同一性,从而确认巨型弧形沙垄为冰盖冰流形成的巨型流线、罗根冰碛与锅穴构造的遗留,从而佐证了“松辽冰盖”的存在。研究发现松辽平原的巨型弧形流线显示出具有从盆地周围向沉降中心延伸、汇聚的特征,这表明流线的走向受制于地势的控制,而非所谓的风力所为。此外根据巨型冰川流线的展布形态与松辽分水岭之间存在的反常关系,发现在冰盖消融后松辽分水岭发生了北移现象,这一现象的产生可能与冰盖消融后导致的松辽盆地的失压反弹隆升有关。根据松辽分水岭的迁移时间、风沙层序年龄、荷载构造扰动地层年龄的综合约束,初步判断松辽冰盖的最近一次的发生时间在晚更新世早期(MIS4阶段)的东山冰期。     

基于ObjectARX的天津90坐标系图幅号算法及实现

天津90图幅号算法入手,建立了一个基于ObjectArx2004的二次开发程序。通过加载ARX文件到Auto-CAD环境,能够实时、准确地计算出给定范围的图幅号。为此,对实际作业中的点、线、面和图幅号对象进行抽象,设计了新的基于面的图幅号算法,实现了AutoCAD环境下方便获取天津90图幅号。     

格型钢板桩结构数值建模方法研究

针对格型钢板桩结构的三种建模方法(考虑板桩间铰接特性,用壳体单元模拟板桩的有限元模型;不考虑板桩间铰接特性,用壳体单元模拟板桩的有限元模型;将格体看做一个整体,用实体单元模拟板桩的有限元模型)进行分析,对各种建模方法得出的关于稳定性、破坏模式、格体环向应力、格体内外土体压力的相关结论进行比较,得到适合工程应用的建模方法。结果表明:三种有限元模型中,考虑板桩间铰接特性的壳体单元模型,因其考虑因素全面,是最准确的模型。对于重要工程,应采用考虑板桩间铰接特性的壳体单元模型进行计算。对于一般工程结构,在稳定性分析方面,三种有限元模型都很适用,由于壳体单元模型收敛性较差,建议采用比较成熟的实体单元模型进行简化;对于破坏模式和板桩间环向应力,建议采用不考虑板桩间铰接作用的壳体单元模型进行简化;对于结构背浪侧格型钢板桩结构格体外侧土体最大被动土压力和格内土体压力,采用不考虑板桩间铰接特性的壳体单元模型进行估算。结论对工程数值建模运算具有指导意义。     

地基SAR与地基RAR模式形变监测对比

采用地基SAR与地基RAR模式监测铁路桥在列车经过时的纵向垂直挠度形变,结果表明：1）2种模式提取的桥梁纵断面形变趋势与挠度基本一致,对应监测点的纵向垂直挠度形变精度最大偏差为1.85 mm,实现了桥梁的mm级形变监测;2）地基RAR模式数据处理快速简单,具有实时处理与直观可视化的精细形变表达能力;地基SAR模式数据量较大,数据处理存在一定的技术难度,但可同时反映面状整体形变趋势,具有全面捕捉形变的能力,也可提取特征点、线、面的形变量。     

The Glacial（MIS 3-2） Outlet Glacier of the Marsyandi Nadi- icestream-network with its Ngadi Khola Tributary Glacier（Manaslu- and Lamjung Himalaya）：The Reconstructed Lowering of the Marsyandi Nadi Ice Stream Tongue down in to the Southern Himalaya Foreland

For the reconstruction of past climate variations,investigations on the history of glaciers are necessary.In the Himalaya,investigations like these have a rather short tradition in comparison with other mountains on earth.At the same time,this area on the southern margin of Tibet is of special interest because of the question as to the monsoon-influence that is connected with the climate-development.Anyhow,the climate of High Asia is of global importance.Here for the further and regionally intensifying answer to this question,a glacial glacier reconstruction is submitted from the CentralHimalaya,more exactly from the Manaslu-massif.Going on down-valley from the glacial-historical investigations of 1977 in the upper Marsyandi Khola(Nadi) and the partly already published results of field campaigns in the middle Marsyandi Khola and the Damodar- and Manaslu Himal in the years 1995,2000,2004 and 2007,new geomorphological and geological field- and laboratory data are introduced here from the Ngadi(Nadi) Khola and the lower Marsyandi Nadi from the inflow of the Ngadi(Nadi) Khola down to the southern mountain foreland.There has existed a connected ice-stream-network drained down to the south by a 2,100-2,200 m thick and 120 km long Marsyandi Nadi main valley glacier.At a height of the valley bottom of c.1,000 m a.s.l.the Ngadi Khola glacier joined the still c.1,300 m thick Marsyandi parent glacier from the Himalchuli-massif(Nadi(Ngadi) Chuli) – the south spur of the Manaslu Himal.From here the united glacier tongue flowed down about a further 44 km to the south up to c.400 m a.s.l.(27°57'38 "N/84°24'56" E) into the Himalaya fore-chains and thus reached one of or the lowest past ice margin position of the Himalayas.The glacial(LGP(Last glacial period),LGM(Last glacial maximum) Würm,Stage 0,MIS 3-2) climatic snowline(ELA = equilibrium line altitude) has run at 3,900 to 4,000 m a.s.l.and thus c.1,500 altitude meters below the current ELA(Stage XII) at 5,400-5,500 m a.s.l.The reconstructed,maximum lowering of the climatic snowline(ΔELA = depression of the equilibrium line altitude) about 1,500 m corresponds at a gradient of 0.6°C per 100 altitude meters to a High Glacial decrease in temperature of 9°C(0.6 × 15 = 9).At that time the Tibetan inland ice has caused a stable cold high,so that no summer monsoon can have existed there.Accordingly,during the LGP the precipitation was reduced,so that the cooling must have come to more than only 9°C.     

Taimyr Peninsula （ Arctic tectonic thrust sheets Siberia） in Late Precambrian： and geodynamic evolution

Structural relationships between the Neoproterozoic rock complexes of a continental massif, island arc and back-arc basin geodynamic affinities are described and considered in this work based on field observations within the northeastern segment of the Central Taimyr tectonic zone distinguished in the late Hercynian fold- thrust belt of Taimyr Peninsula. As is established for the first time, rock complexes of the continental massif with the early Late Riphean （Tonian-Cryogenian） volcanogenic-sedimentary cover occur in the study region as the allochthonous syn- and post-sedimentary thrust sheets buried in or thrust over deposits of a back-arc basin, which accumulated in the terminal Late Riphean （Cryogcnian）-initial Vendian （Ediacaran）. These and other results of the large-scale structural observations elucidate important details of the region tectonic development in the Late Precambrian, when two lateral ensembles of the Neoproterozoic structures originated in the region. In the first half of the Neoproterozoic, the regional tectonic ensemble included the oceanic plate abut on the continental massif with a primitive volcano-plutonic belt. The subsequent system of an island arc and marginal back- arc basin originated in the second half of the Neoproterozoic and existed approximately till the mid-Vendian （Ediacaran） phase of the intense formation of thrust sheets in the region.     

利用多种测高数据反演中国南海海域重力异常

联合Geosat/GM、ERS-1/168和Envisat 3种测高数据,基于高精度地球重力模型EGM2008,采用垂线偏差方法和逆Vening-Meinesz公式,利用移去-恢复技术确定了中国近海及邻近海域(0°N～42°N,102°E～138°E)分辨率为2′×2′的重力异常.在中国南海海域,测高重力异常与船测重力...