南极冰盖与冰川的快速变化

近10年的观测研究表明,南极冰盖和冰川存在快速的变化阿蒙森海扇区的主要冰流系统正在迅速变薄,减薄趋势可上溯至内陆150km处;罗斯冰流出现了停滞或明显减速,有的流动方向发生了改变,引发冰流袭夺;南极半岛冰架大面积崩塌,补给冰川加速,冰川出现了跃动;变暖的海水进一步侵蚀了冰架,着地线附近底部冰层融化强烈。上述发现改变了南极冰盖缓慢变化的传统观点,并对今后的冰川动力学研究,冰流模型模拟,冰盖物质平衡研究及预测具有重要意义。     

南极伊利莎白公主地250年来雪芯累积、氧同位素与化学研究

1Introduction In the ongoing discussion of climate change,the mass balance of Antarctica has received increasing attention during recent decades,since its reaction to global warming will strongly influence sea-level change(Schlosser and Oerter,2002).Many …     

MOS-1/1b MESSR Observations of the Antarctic Sea Ice: Ice Bands and Ice Streamers

Meso- or submeso-scale features of the Antarctic sea ice are investigated using the MOS-1/1b MESSR Images (spatial resolution of approximately 50 m) received at Syowa Station. Particular attention is paid to the ice bands and ice streamers in coastal polynyas. In the Antarctic Ocean, ice bands can be often seen not only at the ice edge but also in the ice interior zone throughout the year and they extend for hundreds of kilometers in the latitudinal direction. It is found that the width and spacing of ice bands tend to decrease from winter to summer. The width of ice band is about 2–6 km in August and September, and 0.1–0.7 km in December. The spacing of ice bands is about 3–10 km in August and September, and 0.1–2 km in December. In coastal polynyas, ice streamers, which are composed of new ice, are sometimes observed. In general, the row of the streamers is spaced at 0.5–2 km with a width of 0.1–1.0 km.     

对秦岭造山带几个重大问题的认识

详细讨论了秦岭一大别造山带的几个重大问题，对它的发展阶段进行了新的划分，对其形成发表了新的观点：认为秦岭造山带、华北板块、扬子板块是中生代以来，在抽拉－逆冲岩片构造体制作用下形成的。对秦岭一大别造山带的表层构造特征以及它和深层构造的关系、花岗岩的成因类型、断层与界面的区分及成矿作用等都提出了和以往不同的认识。     

可可西里苟仁错湖泊沉积物元素地球化学特征及其环境意义

湖泊沉积物元素地球化学特征及其比值，有效地揭示了湖泊沉积物物源区的化学风化程度．已成为反映古气候波动的有效指标。根据可可西里苟仁错湖泊沉积物的元素地球化学特征，通过CIA，ICV等元素比值的结果，揭示该地区1400AD以来化学风化作用十分微弱，因此湖泊沉积物元素组成，对气候变化非常敏感。研究表明1400AD以来该地区气候经历多次冷暖波动，且呈干旱化的趋势，1420AD左右进入小冰期，其中1480～1520AD最为寒冷，1900AD后干旱化加剧。     

用重复重力测量测定垂线偏差时变的精度

列举两种垂线偏差时变测定的微分公式,从理论上对用重复重力测量的方法测定垂线偏差时变的精度进行了探讨．在目前情况下,垂线偏差时变测定精度可以达到0．005＂．远区域的点对它的影响可以忽略不计,通过对重力网的模拟计算,进一步得到验证．探讨了有效积分半径对垂线偏差时变测量精度的影响,并在此基础上讨论了重力网优化的问题．     

GLIMMER Antarctic Ice Sheet Model,an experimental research of moving boundary condition

A 3-D coupled ice sheet model, GLIMMER model is introduced, and an idealized ice sheet experiment under the EISMINT-1 criterion of moving boundary condition is presented. The results of the experiment reveal that for a steady-state ice sheet profile the characteristic curves describe the process of evolution which are accordant with theoretical estimates. By solving the coupled thermodynamics equations of ice sheet, one may find the characteristic curves which derived from the conservation of the mass, energy and momentum to the ice flow profile. At the same time, an agreement, approximate to the GLIMMER case and the confirmed theoretical results, is found. Present study is explorihg work to introduce and discuss the handicaps of EISMINT criterion and GLIMMER, and prospect a few directions of the GLIMMER model.     

联合多代测高数据建立中国海域重力异常模型

本文联合T/P数据、T/P新轨道数据、ERS数据、GFO数据、GeosatGM数据和ERS-1/168数据,用测高卫星记录点的位置信息直接计算沿轨大地水准面的方向导数,结合测线轨迹方向的方位角在交叉点处推求垂线偏差,然后利用逆Vening-Meinesz公式计算了中国近海(0o～41oN,105o～132oN)2′×2′格网分辨率的海域重力异常模型。将其与CLS_SHOW99重力异常模型比较,统计结果表示与该模型差异的RMS为8.15mgal,在剔除差值大于20mgal的点(剔除3.3%)以后,RMS为4.72mgal;与某海区船测重力异常比较的RMS为8.91mgal。     

Ring foundation on elastic subgrade: an analytical solution for computer modelling using the Lagrangian multiplier method

In the practice of geotechnical engineering, the case of a ring footing carrying a set of concentrated point loads is a common problem. At times, the induced vertical and angular displacements for the ring footing need to be evaluated at a relatively precise level. By making use of the governing set of equations derived for the case of a general curved beam, expressions that can be easily implemented in modern computing software are derived for the vertical and angular displacements of a ring footing of rectangular cross section as functions of the radial position. The loading case considered is a vertical point load, and the soil is modelled as elastic. Estimates of the displacements have been shown for a common range of practical applications. The behaviour for a set of concentrated loads may be evaluated using the derived equations through direct superposition. Nonlinear finite element analysis is used to evaluate the vertical deflection and angular twist of the ring foundation. Numerical analysis performed for three ring foundations with different radii and cross sections is reported to validate the accuracy of the derived analytical solution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.