中西太平洋金枪鱼围网技术及存在的问题

金枪鱼围网产量约占全球金枪鱼捕获量的70%,发展金枪鱼围网渔业具有广阔的前景.本文根据中鲁远洋渔业股份有限公司金枪鱼围网渔船的作业情况,分析了围网作业中的一些捕捞技术,并探讨了在发展该项目中存在的问题.     

面对发展迟缓的海洋渔业通信

近几年来随着市场经济的不断完善和发展,海洋渔业捕捞生产结构逐渐发生变化,同时渔业通信的发展却滞后于社会经济的发展,发展缓慢,仅仅维持在出海船组能相互通信的水平上,且通信质量不高。渔业安全救助通信网,只能作用在近距离（数十海里内）,而大多数船只出海路程都在上百海里远,无法跟岸台联系,渔业安全救助通信网也就失去了应用的效力,亟须向中远程发展。现代渔业通信的发展迟缓,已经阻碍了海洋渔业生产的信息化发展,影响了渔业的安全生产。     

伟大的太平洋

地球上最大的海洋充满了神秘色彩,但也受到气候变化、塑料污染和过度捕捞等巨大影响。太平洋是地球上最大和最深的海洋。总面积为18134.4万平方千米,在某些海域海地底深度能够延伸到水面以下1万多米。太平洋到底有多大?你可以想象,地球上所有陆地面积加起来,也没有太平洋的面积大。     

巨型蓝鳍金枪鱼的悲歌

地中海可能会丧失其蓝鳍金枪鱼物种,高科技的捕鱼技术和不善的渔业管理,已经将金枪鱼的储量降低到了危险的水平. 世界海洋中,没有比巨型蓝鳍金枪鱼数量更多的鱼类了,成年蓝鳍金枪鱼身长可达4米,重达680千克,其寿命长达30年.它们在水下的速度却快得惊人,能达到每小时40千米,水下潜水深度能超过半英里0.8千米.     

美国渔业资源的管理和保护

美国当前的渔业管理强调地方的参与、管理与科学技术的紧密结合以及区域的机动性,这些都是可取的。然而,在过去的三十年由于过度捕捞和栖息地退化,对生态系统和鱼类群落有着很大的负面影响。为实现渔业长期的可持续发展,实现社会效益和经济效益的最大化,本着保证海洋生物资源为     

Studies on ecological characteristics variation and population dynamics of four lizardfishes in the southern Taiwan Straits

The ecological characteristics of four lizardfishes, Trachinocephalus myops, Saurida undosquamis, Saurida tumbil and Saurida elongata, were studied from specimens (910 T. myops, 454 S. un-dosquamis, 686 S. tumbil and 744 S. elongata) collected monthly in the southern Taiwan Straits from April 2005 to March 2006. The population dynamics of the four lizardfishes was also discussed by the comparison with the previous studies. All being composed of 7 a classes; the dominant group of T. myops and S. tumbil was 1-2 a, while S. undosquamis and S. elongate were 2-3 a. The total mortality coefficient Z and the fishing mortality F were at high as indicated by the exploitation ratio E(>0.5), and a large number of by-caught juvenile and young fishes showing that the stock of lizardfishes in this area was overexploited and the fishing gear was irrational. Compared with the previous studies, the maximum and mean fork length, body mass and age of the four lizard-fishes declined gradually, the lizardfishes populations were younger in age and smaller in size. The asymptotic fork length L_∞ decreased while increasing growth coefficient k, and age at the inflexion point of mass t_r was younger compared with the previous studies. The declining of older ones has moderated the feeding competition and the younger ones grew faster. The larger mortality param-eters Z,M and F have revealed higher fishing pressure. The smaller change of the first mature fork length of female T. myops and the change from K selection pattern to r selection pattern of S. tumbil have indicated a more vulnerable fishery ecosystem in this area. The changes of ecological characteristics and population dynamics may be caused by over-exploitation of demersal fishes such as the lizardfishes, especially a large number of juvenile and young fishes by-catch by the current fishing gears and methods. Therefore, in addition to the traditional fishery management approach such as the minimum length-limit, ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAF) should be taken to improve the practical marine ecosystem management, including increased fishing intensity of the non-economic species especially the feeding competitors of the lizardfishes and the conser-vation of the pelagic fishery population in the fisheries ecosystem, in order to restore the fishery population and achieve the sustainable use of the fishery stocks.     

浙江渔场修复振兴调查研究——以“一打三整治”专项执法行动为例

浙江渔场修复振兴暨"一打三整治"(依法打击涉渔"三无"船舶和违反伏休规定等违法生产经营行为,全面开展渔船"船证不符"整治、禁用渔具整治和污染海洋环境行为整治)专项执法行动实施以来,已取得显著成效,但也存在一些问题。文章基于调研所获资料,综合分析涉渔"三无"船舶回潮、部分伏休政策实施困难以及渔船"船证不符"、禁用渔具和海洋环境污染整治不彻底等问题及其原因,提出建立长效机制、加大整治力度和建立省内外联动机制的对策建议,为浙江省海洋生态修复、渔业资源保护和渔业可持续发展的相关决策提供参考。     

大力发展远洋捕捞业 振兴海洋经济

随着近海渔业资源不断的枯竭,深海捕捞已成为发展趋势。文章阐述了发展远洋捕捞的重大意义,对我国远洋捕捞业现状、政策及发展趋势进行分析,并提出我国远洋捕捞业存在的问题。     

基于AHP的舟山灯光围网渔船捕捞能力影响因子权重评价

根据3艘舟山灯光围网渔船的生产统计数据,通过层次 分析法(AHP),分析了影响渔船捕捞能力的因子(总吨位、主机功率、作业天数和水下灯功率),并根据各影响因子的重要性确定其权重,建立影响灯光围网渔船捕捞能力的多因子评价模式。结果表明:总吨位对灯光围网捕捞能力的影响最甚,其次是主机功率、作业天数和水下灯功率,其所占权重分别为0. 461 2,0.342 4,0.137 1和0.059 4。     

渔业生产者参与实施捕捞限额制度意愿的影响因素研究

文章以上海市、浙江省和山东省113户渔业生产者的问卷调研数据为基础,通过运用Logistic回归模型分析渔业生产者参与实施捕捞限额制度意愿的影响因素。研究表明,年龄、受教育水平、渔船总功率、年均捕捞量、捕捞收入与家庭总收入比例、举报奖励额与超额价值比例以及年监管次数均对渔业生产者参与实施捕捞限额制度的意愿产生显著影响。基于实证研究结果,提出应加大渔业培训力度,切实控制渔船功率,暂不设立举报机制以及结合目前的投入控制制度推行循序渐进、逐步严格的监管机制等建议,以提高渔业生产者参与实施捕捞限额制度的意愿,为制定有效的渔业资源管理制度提供参考依据,推进渔业现代化改革。