Determination of major and trace elements in European bottled mineral water — Analytical methods

A total of 1785 European bottled water samples were analyzed using standard laboratory methods. The bottled water samples were purchased in 2008 at supermarkets throughout 40 European countries. The samples were analyzed for 71 chemical parameters (As, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Ga, Gd, Ge, Hf, Hg, Ho, I, K, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pb, Pr, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sn, Sr, Ta, Tb, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, W, Y, Yb, Zn, Zr, Br⁻, HCO₃⁻, Cl⁻, F⁻, NH₄⁺, NO₂⁻, NO₃⁻, PO₄³⁻, SO₄²⁻, SiO₂, pH, and EC) by quadrupole inductively coupled emission spectroscopy (ICP-QMS, trace elements), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES, major elements), ion chromatography (IC, anions), atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS, Hg), titration (alkalinity), photometric methods (NH₄⁺), potentiometric methods (pH), and conductometric methods (specific electrical conductivity, EC). A very strict quality control procedure was followed by analysing blanks, international reference materials, an internal project standard, and duplicate analyses, as well as by analysing 23 elements by both ICP-QMS and ICP-AES. Analysis of marketed bottled water from springs, wells or boreholes, apart from the evaluation of its quality with respect to inorganic elements, it may provide a cheap alternative to obtain a first impression about groundwater chemistry at the European scale.     

无机多元素现代仪器分析技术

本文重点介绍地质领域目前广泛应用的无机多元素现代仪器分析技术,包括电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)、电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、原子吸收光谱(AAS)、原子荧光光谱(AFS)、电子探针分析技术和共享平台的建立、激光剥蚀等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)微区原位分析技术以...     

封闭酸溶-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定地质样品中硼砷硫

采用充氩电荷注入检测器(CID)-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪结合HF—HNO3-HClO4-H3PO4密封溶样法，建立了适用于多目标地质调查中土壤、水系沉积物等地质样品中B、As、S的同时测定方法。方法的特点是通过加入少量H3PO4避免了易挥发元素B的挥发损失；采用Se 196.0nm谱线为内标，对残留空气对超紫外区谱线测定中的强度漂移影响起到了很好的补偿作用；该方法还可同时测定Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni、Li、Mn和V等微量元素。B、As、S的仪器检出限(3SD，μg／mL)分别为0．01、0．008、0．03，方法检出限(10SD，DF=100，μg/g)分别为2．61、3．28、9，58。用国家标准物质土壤GBW 07401-07408，水系沉积物GBW 07309-07312验证了测定B、As、S的准确性及精密度，允许误差范围之内，测定值与标准值接近，样品10次测定的RSD为4．34％～25．0％。     

ICP—AES法测定铜精矿中的银

文章研究了三酸溶样,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP—AES）测定铜精矿中Ag的质量分数,为了避免共存元素的干扰,采用国家一级标准物质GBW07166和GBW07205作为标准物质对仪器分析测试条件及方法的准确度,精密度作了相应的讨论,实验表明方法准确,可靠快速,结果令人满意。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法快速测定氯化钾

用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法对氯化钾产品进行杂质分析,利用配盐的方法将杂质离子配成盐,用总量100减去杂质盐分的含量即得氯化钾的含量。该方法快速准确,精密度和准确度都非常好,能代替原有的化学分析方法。     

ICP—AES法测定镁合金中微量铜、锰、锌、铝、铁、硅

用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP—AES）法测定了镁合金中Cu、Mn、Zn、Al、Fe、Si等元素,进行了模拟基体匹配实验,消除了镁基干扰。用饱和硼酸溶液络合过量的氟离子,可准确测定溶液中微量Si元素。国家标准物质ZM3测定值与推荐值较吻合,方法检出限为0．003μg／g～0．053μg／g,相对标准偏差RSD〈4％。     

ICP-AES法测定地质样品中的主体元素

用NaOH熔融矿样 ,经过反酸化制备成样品溶液 ,应用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法 (ICP -AES)在同一份溶液中同时定量测定地质样品中的主体元素 :硅、铝、磷、铁、镁、钙、钛 7种元素 ,达到了较好的准确度及精密度。     

等离子体发射光谱法同时测定岩石中微量锆、铪、铌和钽等元素

本文介绍了一种快速离子交换分离—ICP-AES法同时测定岩石中微量锆、铪、铌和钽等元素的新方法。样品经碱熔、浸取、过滤,其沉淀连同滤纸放回原烧杯,加入H~+型阳离子交换树脂和少量酒石酸溶液。基体元素(Fe~(3+),Al~(3+),Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)等)被树脂吸附,锆、铪、铌和钽与酒石酸形成稳定络合物存留在溶液中,经干过滤后,用ICP-AES方法直接测定。欲测元素的样品分析实际检出限分别为:Zr0.2ppm。Hf、Nb、Ta均为0.4ppm。实践证明,本方法不仅步骤简单,分析速度快,而且分析结果或靠,精密度和准确度良好。     

萃取富集—ICP—AES测定地质样品中痕量镓铟铊

本文研究了分步萃取-ICP-AES法测定地质试样中痕量Ga、In和Tl的最佳条件。首先在pH9左右,用吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵(APLC)-甲基异丁酮(MIBK)萃取In和Tl,然后在6mol/LHCl介质中用MIBK萃取Ga,再将有机相分别直接引入ICP-AES进行测定。方法较简便实用,经地质标样验证,结果满意。     

Off-Line and On-Line Determination of Eleven Rare Earth Elements in Silicate Rocks by ICP-AES Using Dowex Minicolumns for Separation of Interfering Elements in Continuous Flow Systems

The methodologies developed in this work comprise ion-exchange separation of interfering elements from rare earth elements (Fe, Al and Ca), by using resin minicolumns (Dowex-50W-X8 200-400 mesh) for the determination of La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb and Lu by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, using both off-line and on-line continuous flow systems. These methods can be used to determine rare earth elements in common silicate rocks, such as granite, basalt, rhyolite and andesite. Thirteen geochemical reference materials were used to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the off-line and on-line methods. Chondrite-normalized diagrams were obtained and compared to values reported in the literature. When compared to conventional procedures, the proposed methods provide fast and low cost rare earth elements determinations in the analysis of silicate rocks. Eighteen samples per hour could be analysed by the proposed method using the automated procedure for the determination of the eleven rare earth elements.