井水位对气压扰动的响应

分析了河北省地震地下流体井网的黄骅、深州、无极、宁晋、永年五口深井水位对气压扰动的响应。结果表明,气压瞬间的大幅度变化能够引起水位的准同步变化,由此求得的井水位气压系数与利用日均值序列计算的气压系数基本相当;与日均值序列相关分析结果比较,水位对气压扰动的响应表现出了一定的波动性。     

匹配系数聚类分析在Pseudozaphrentis属分类中的应用

摘要：Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｚａｐｈｒｅｎｔｉｓ属分布广泛,有重要的地层意义,但关于其分类位置、范围及种的划分争论较大．本文在匹配系数统计分析的基础上,对Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｚａｐｈｒｅｎｔｉｓ属的下列３个方面予以讨论：１．探讨属之间的亲缘关系,确定属的分类位迂．Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｚａｐｈｒｅａｔｉｓ与相近属的对比表明其与Ｃｈａｒａｃｔｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｍ－属的匹配系数最高,它们之间的关系可能最为相近．因此把二者归入属以上的同一最低分类单元—Ｃｈａｒａｃｔｏｐｈｙｌｌｉｎａｅ亚科．２．确定属的范围．根据统计结果得到的代表性特征组简单而准确地定义属．３．合理地划分种．Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｚａｐｈｒｅａｔｉｓ－属可分为４个种：ＰｓｅｕｄｏｚａｐｈｒｅｎｔｉｓｄｉｆｆｉｃｉｌｅＳｕｎ,１９５８１;ＮｅｏｓｔｒｉｎｇｏｐｈｙｌｌｕｍｐｒｏｎｉｎｉＳｏｓｈｋｉｎａ,１９５１;Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｚａｐｈｒｅｎｔｉｓｃｆ．ｗａｎｇｃｈｅｎｐｏｅｎｓｉｓＹｕｅｔＬｉａｏｉｎＪｉｎｅｔａｌ．,１９８２;ＰｓｅｕｄｏｚａｐｈｎｙｔｉｓｘｉｐｉｎｇｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓＸ．Ｌ．Ｗａｎｇ,１９８７．     

岩石颗粒度测量方法的研究及其应用

本文介绍了三种不同岩石颗粒度的测量方法,点计法,线计法,带计法及两种不同计算程序。颗粒度测量结果研究表明三种不同测量方法及两种不同计算程序之间存在着差別,其中结合野外的实例,其应用结果带计法为最好,线段长度百分比要比颗粒的频率百分比计算程序要好,前者能较客观地反映颗粒的实际搬运时水介质动力条件和沉积物的沉积环境。     

考虑不同基础埋深的沉降计算统一公式

通过对不同作用深度、不同长宽比矩形面积均布荷载角点下应力系数Mindlin解与Boussinesq解的分析比较,建立了二者之间的统计关系,利用“归一化函数”,引入“沉降计算深度修正系数”,并通过对北京地区数十个工程沉降实测值进行反分析得到“沉降计算经验系数”,提出了对不同埋深的天然地基与桩基都适用的“统一沉降计算公式”。     

微量元素在幔源矿物与热液之间分配系数的研究进展

微量元素在幔源矿物与热液之间分配系数的差异是造成地幔不均一的一个重要因素，对于认识地球演化、元素的分异和板块构造具有重要的意义。热液的组成、矿物的结构、温度、压力以及氧逸度都与分配系数密切相关。不同微量元素在相同矿物或热液中的分配系数存在差别，而相同的元素在不同矿物中的分配系数也可能出现很大的变化，这是研究微量元素分异和不同地幔端员形成的理论基础。在较低的温度和压力下，热液的组成对分配系数的影响很大，随着温度和压力的升高，热液组成的影响逐渐减弱，而矿物的组成与结构的影响逐渐增大。由于分配系数影响因素的复杂性，因此在考虑地球深部微量元素的迁移和分异时需慎重对待。     

Vertical diffuse attenuation coefficient (Kd) based optical classification of IRS-P3 MOS-B satellite ocean colour data

The optical classification of the different water types provides vital input for studies related to primary productivity, water clarity and determination of euphotic depth. Image data of the IRSP3 MOS-B, for Path 90 of 27th February, 1998 was used for deriving vertical diffuse attenuation coefficient (K_d) and an optical classification based onK _d values was performed. An atmospheric correction scheme was used for retrieving water leaving radiances in blue and green channels of 412, 443, 490 and 550 nm. The upwelling radiances from 443 nm and 550 nm spectral channels were used for computation of vertical diffuse attenuation coefficientK _d at 490 nm. The waters off the Gujarat coast were classified into different water types based on Jerlov classification scheme. The oceanic water type IA (K _d range 0.035-0.040m^-1), type IB (0.042-0.065 m^-1), type II (0.07-0.1m^-1) and type III (0.115-0.14m^-1) were identified. For the coastal waters along Gujarat coast and Gulf of Kachchh, K_d(490) values ranged between 0.15 m^-1 and 0.35 m^-1. The depth of 1% of surface light for water type IA, IB, II and III corresponds to 88, 68, 58 and 34 meters respectively. Classification of oceanic and coastal waters based onK _d is useful in understanding the light transmission characteristics for sub-marine navigation and under-water imaging.     

从浅表花岗岩体中地应力测试深度与应力值间关系分析剥蚀厚度

针对浅表高水平地应力和高侧压系数常出现在岩浆岩和变质岩中的现象,以广泛分布的形成于地下深处的花岗岩为例,指出构造隆升作用下,花岗岩从形成时位于深部到现在处于剥蚀卸荷过程中而常出露地表,无论是采用静水压力还是弹性体假设,都可得出其侧压系数明显变大的结论。对254组花岗岩地应力现场实测结果统计,得到了侧压系数拟合公式更符合花岗岩实测结果分布情况。由广义虎克定律出发,结合垂向卸荷后地下某处水平应变为0的假设,推导出花岗岩体剥蚀厚度计算公式,其结果接近目前为止认识到的剥蚀厚度的上限值。初步工程资料分析对比发现,大亚湾燕山期花岗岩地质分析剥蚀厚度为1 300 m,计算结果介于1 500～3 000 m之间;三峡工程船闸区花岗岩剥蚀厚度为1 700～3 200 m,与裂变径迹法测试结果比较吻合。结果说明,花岗岩体剥蚀厚度相对于现在一般工程埋深是比较大的     

Influential factors on the repose angle of desert sands

The repose angle is one of the most significant macroscopic parameters in describing the behavior of granular materials. Under a static condition, the repose angle is the steepest angle at which sediment particles can rest without motion. In this paper, we use existing data and aeolian physics to analyze the main factors that influence the repose angle of sand dunes, and we investigate different repose angles involving various states and types of materials. We have determined that different factors have differential influence on the magnitude of the repose angle. Our results show that for powdery (<400-μm diameter) desert sands, the main influential factor on the magnitude of repose angle is the molecular force among particles. Particle size does not influence the repose angle of desert sands directly, but has an indirect impact by affecting the grit sphericity and surface roughness, of which the grit sphericity acts as a major factor. Even at the same average particle size, the repose angle differs with different grain compositions. Furthermore, with increasing unevenness in grain composition, the repose angle increases correspondingly. Sand texture also has a direct influence on the repose angle of desert sands. In two sand samples having the same grain composition but different textures, the repose angles may be different. Water content has a stronger influence on the repose angle than any other factor. However, the relationship between the repose angle and water content is not a simple direct proportion. In fact, with increasing water content, the repose angle first increases and then decreases. These research results will be useful for understanding the mechanisms of dune transport, variations of dune morphology, and the stability and fluidity of dune sands.     

合成地震图的广义反射透射系数矩阵方法

简述了在均匀层状介质中，合成地震图的广义反射透射系数矩阵方法，并通过与有人的计算结果对比，检验了经过修改调试后的合成地震图的计算程序。计算与对比表明，经修改调试后的程序对于各种因素，包括震源类型、震源深度、震中、频率和慢度都有较好的普适性，适用于实际的地震波形研究。     

Spatiotemporal variations and abrupt changes of potential evapotranspiration and its sensitivity to key meteorological variables in the Wei River basin,China

Evapotranspiration is an important component of hydrological cycle and a key input to hydrological models. Therefore, analysis of the spatiotemporal variation of potential evapotranspiration (PET) will help a better understanding of climate change and its effect on hydrological cycle and water resources. In this study, the Penman–Monteith method was used to estimate PET in the Wei River basin (WRB) in China based on daily data at 21 meteorological stations during 1959–2008. Spatial distribution and temporal trends of annual and seasonal PET were analysed by using the Spline interpolation method and the Mann–Kendall test method. Abrupt changes were detected by using the Pettitt test method. In order to explore the contribution of key meteorological variables to the variation of PET, the sensitivity coefficients method was employed in this study. The results showed that: (1) mean annual and seasonal PET in the WRB was generally decreasing from northeast to southwest. Summer and spring made the major contributions to the annual values; (2) annual and seasonal PET series in most part of the WRB exhibited increasing trends; (3) abrupt changes appeared in 1993 for annual and spring PET series for the entire basin, while summer value series was detected in the late 1970s. (4) Relative humidity was the most sensitive variable for PET in general for the WRB, followed by wind speed, air temperature and solar radiation. In the headwater and outlet of the WRB, relative humidity and air temperature were the most sensitive variables to PET, while relative humidity and wind speed were more influential in most part of the middle‐lower region. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.