BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article: The Mexican Colonial Copper Industry. Elinore M. Barrett . The Control Revolution: Technological and Economic Origins of the Information Society . James R. Beniger . Land Degradation and Society . Piers M. Blaikie And Harold C. Brookfield , Eds . La carte, mode d'emploi. Roger Brunet . France: les dynamiques du territoire . Roger Brunet AND Jacques Sallois , EDS. At the Crossroads—The Mineral Problems of the United States . Eugene N. Cameron . A Census of One Billion People , Papers for International Seminar on China's 1982 Population Census. Li Chengrui , ED. Les Milieux “Naturels” du Globe . Jean Demangeot . The Geophysiology of Amazonia: Vegetation and Climate Interactions : Robert E. Dickinson , ED. Tenn-Tom Country . James F. Doster And David C. Weaver . Family Farming in Europe and America . Boguslaw Galeski And Eugene Wilkening , EDS. The Geography of Urban Transportation . Susan Hanson , Ed. Combating Desertification in Developing Countries . J. K. Jain , ED. Cartography in France—1660–1848. Science, Engineering and Statecraft . Josef W. Konvitz . Distribution of Distances in Pregeographical Space . Hans Kuiper . Physical Geography Lab Manual: A New Experimental Approach . Neal G. Lineback And John M. Harlin . Physical Geography: A Landscape Appreciation , 2nd ed. Tom L. Mc Knight . The Desert Is No Lady: Southwestern Landscapes in Women's Writing and Art . Vera Norwood And Janice Monk , EDS. France: A Geographical, Social, and Economic Survey . Philippe Pinchemel , translated, by D. Elkins and T. H. Elkins. Gene Banks and the World's Food . Donald L. Plucknett , Nigel J. H. Smith , J. T. Williams , And N. Murthi Anishetty . Latin American Development: Geographical Perspectives . David Preston , Ed. Making Sense of Development: An Introduction to Classical and Contemporary Theories of Development and Their Application to Southeast Asia . P. W. Preston . The History of the Countryside. Oliver Rackham . The Third World in Perspective . H. A. Reitsma AND J. M. G. Kleinpenning . The Industrial Geography of Australia . David C. Rich . The Recruiting Game , 2nd Ed., revised. John F. Rooney , JR. A Cultural Geography of North American Indians . Thomas E. Ross AND Tyrel G. Moore , EDS. Eastern Europe . Dean S. Rugg . Human Territoriality: Its Theory and History . Cambridge Studies in Historical Geography: 7. Robert David Sack . Experimental Fluvial Geomorphology . Stanley A. Schumm , M. Paul Mosley , AND William E. Weaver . The New Urban Landscape . David Schuyler . Atlas of American Women . Barbara Gimla Shortridge . Impacts of Hazardous Technology: The Psycho-Social Effects of Restarting TMI-1 . John Sorensen , Jon Soderstrom , Emily Copenhaver , Sam Carnes AND Robert Bolin . Modern Physical Geography , 3rd Ed., (Third Edition). Arthur N. Strahler AND Alan H. Strahler . India: Economic Resource Base and Contemporary Political Patterns . B. L. Sukhwal .     

The evaluation of eco-environmental susceptibility to human activity in Yulin region

The eco-environmental susceptibility is to demonstrate the reaction of a ecosystem under the same influences of the human activity. It comprise many influencing factors which have a complicated relation to the eco-environmental susceptibility. In this paper, the Analysis of Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to determine the weight of each factor to the eco-environmental susceptibility through analyzing the relationship between human activity and environmental deterioration. And the weighted summation method is used to calculate the eco-environmental susceptibility of different divisions in Yulin region. The result shows that the loess hilly and gully area is more subjective to deteriorating eco-environment than the desert area because of the strong human activity and severe soil erosion. The project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Why are sustainable practices often elusive? The role of information flow in the management of networked human-environment interactions

Analyzing the spatial and temporal properties of information flow with a multi-century perspective could illuminate the sustainability of human resource-use strategies. This paper uses historical and archaeological datasets to assess how spatial, temporal, cognitive, and cultural limitations impact the generation and flow of information about ecosystems within past societies, and thus lead to tradeoffs in sustainable practices. While it is well understood that conflicting priorities can inhibit successful outcomes, case studies from Eastern Polynesia, the North Atlantic, and the American Southwest suggest that imperfect information can also be a major impediment to sustainability. We formally develop a conceptual model of Environmental Information Flow and Perception (EnIFPe) to examine the scale of information flow to a society and the quality of the information needed to promote sustainable coupled natural-human systems. In our case studies, we assess key aspects of information flow by focusing on food web relationships and nutrient flows in socio-ecological systems, as well as the life cycles, population dynamics, and seasonal rhythms of organisms, the patterns and timing of species’ migration, and the trajectories of human-induced environmental change. We argue that the spatial and temporal dimensions of human environments shape society’s ability to wield information, while acknowledging that varied cultural factors also focus a society’s ability to act on such information. Our analyses demonstrate the analytical importance of completed experiments from the past, and their utility for contemporary debates concerning managing imperfect information and addressing conflicting priorities in modern environmental management and resource use.     

基于复合指数模型的DMSP/OLS夜间灯光影像饱和校正方法

由于OLS传感器航行过程中增益记录和交叉定标的缺失,使得DMSP夜光影像在城市中心出现过度饱和等问题,因此探讨灯光数据去饱和方法在人类活动强度评估和城市时空演化分析等方面具有重要意义。为了解决这一难题,有学者提出使用NDVI修正饱和灯光数据的VANUI指数,为研究灯光数据去饱和提供了简单便捷的思路,然而该指数在部分城市中较难有明显的校正效果。本文在VANUI指数思想的基础上,顾及到人口密度随着郊区到城市中心距离的增加呈现指数型增长,提出了基于复合指数模型校正夜间灯光指数CEANI,为人类活动强度评价等研究提供更准确的结果。研究表明:① 与VANUI相比,CEANI在刻画城市内部饱和区域特征时具有更好的细节,较好地凸显城市内部空间异质性;② 在25组随机样本的相关对比中,CEANI（R²mean=0.79）与辐射定标产品比VANUI（R²mean=0.68）具有更高的相关性;③ 三大城市群中CEANI与常住人口的R²分别为0.767、0.676和0.841,比VANUI（R²分别为0.640、0.553和0.775）分别提高了0.127、0.123、0.066,相较于VANUI,CEANI与常住人口具有更强的相关性,对于人口指标的估算能力更强。     

New paleomagnetic data from the hominin bearing Dmanisi paleo-anthropologic site (southern Georgia, Caucasus)

The Dmanisi site has yielded human remains and lithic industry associated with Late Pliocene-early Pleistocene fauna. The site is composed of volcanogenic sediments overlying basaltic lava flows. The lithostratigraphic sequence comprises two basic depositional units: Unit A, overlying the basalt flows, and Unit B on top. A paleomagnetic and rock-magnetic study has been carried out on 106 specimens from Units A and B and the uppermost basalt flow. The lava and Unit A provide normal polarities, while reversed polarities and anomalous directions are observed in Unit B, the latter probably due to overlapping of a secondary and a primary reversed polarity component. The lower part of the section shows a clear correlation with the Olduvai subchron, and the upper levels could be as young as 1.07 Ma. As human remains were found both in units with normal and reversed polarity, different non-contemporaneous human occupations might have been possible.     

A collective human mobility analysis method based on data usage detail records

Human mobility patterns have been widely investigated due to their application in a wide variety of fields, for example urban planning and epidemiology. Many studies have introduced spatial networks into human mobility analyses at the collective level. However, these studies merely analyzed spatial network structure, and the underlying collective mobility patterns were not further discussed. In this paper, we propose a collective mobility discovery method based on community differences (CMDCD). We constructed spatial networks where nodes represent geographical entities and edge weights denote collective mobility intensity between geographical entities. The differences between communities detected from the networks constructed in different periods were then identified. Since collective spatial movement has a large influence on network structure, we can discover groups with different mobility patterns based on community differences. By applying the method to data usage detail records collected from the cellular networks in a city of China, we analyzed different collective mobility patterns between the Spring Festival vacation and workdays. The experimental results show that our method can solve these two problems of identifying community differences and discovering users with different mobility patterns simultaneously. Moreover, the CMDCD method is an integrated approach to discover groups whose mobility patterns have changed in different periods at the large spatial scale and the small spatial scale. The discovered collective mobility patterns can be used to guide urban planning, traffic forecasting, urban resource allocation, providing new insights into human mobility patterns and spatial interaction analyses.     

自然的社会建构：西方人文地理学对自然的再认识

自然的社会建构作为西方人文地理学界对自然的再思考,渐成为理解自然与社会互动的重要理论框架,并逐步成为推动人地和谐、可持续发展研究的新范式。通过梳理自然的社会建构研究理论源起并对西方涉及自然的社会建构的研究文献进行全面梳理发现,自然的社会建构并非单纯指基于建构主义视角考察自然的知识生产或价值与意义,还应该关注自然被生产与形构的商品化过程。现有议题主要聚焦于政治与自然、商品化与自然、社会情感与自然以及日常生活与自然四大方面。在此基础上,进一步提出了国内未来研究需要关注的重要方向。     

P16INK4A联合HPV L1壳蛋白检测在宫颈鳞状上皮内病变诊断中的应用

目的 初步探讨P16^INK4A联合HPV L1壳蛋白检测在宫颈鳞状上皮内病变诊断中的应用价值。方法 选择在温州市人民医院就诊患者,收集69例宫颈鳞状上皮内病变标本,行P16^INK4A、HPV L1壳蛋白检测,分析P16^INK4A、HPV L1壳蛋白及P16^INK4A联合HPV L1壳蛋白在各级宫颈病变中的表达差异。结果 P16^INK4A在LSIL组、HSIL组、SCC组中的阳性率分别为45.5%、85.2%、100.0%。同LSIL组比较,P16^INK4A在HSIL组及SCC组阳性率明显升高（P<0.01）。HPV L1壳蛋白在LSIL组、HSIL组、SCC组中的阳性率分别为63.6%、18.5%、0%,HPV L1壳蛋白在LSIL组中阳性率明显低于HSIL组及SCC组（P<0.01）。随着宫颈病变加重,P16+/L1-阳性率有升高趋势（P<0.01）,P16-/L1+阳性率有下降趋势（P<0.01）。LSIL组中P16+/L1-阳性率明显低于HSIL组和SCC组（P<0.01）,SCC组P16+/L1-阳性率较HSIL组有明显提高（P<0.05）。LSIL组中P16-/L1+阳性率明显低于HSIL组和SCC组（P<0.01）。P16+/L1-较P16^INK4、HPV L1壳蛋白单一检测筛查HSIL+特异性明显升高（P<0.01）。结论 P16^INK4A联合HPV L1壳蛋白有望成为诊断宫颈鳞状上皮内病变的有效指标。     

人类活动对公元1194年以来黄河河口延伸速率的影响

以近 50年来的观测资料和公元 1 1 94年以来苏北废黄河和现代黄河的历史文献资料为基础,在宏观时间尺度上 (1 0 2 ～ 1 0 3年 )研究了人类活动对黄河口延伸速率的影响。结果表明,废黄河口的延伸可以分为两个阶段,1 1 94～ 1 578年为第一阶段,河口延伸速率较慢 ;1 579～ 1 855年为第二阶段,河口延伸速率大大加快。 1 855年以来现代黄河河口延伸速率的变化曲线可以分为 3个阶段,分别用 3条斜率不同的直线来拟合。 3条直线之间的两个转折点可以代表人类活动的方式和强度发生改变的临界点。由此建立了人类活动影响下现代黄河三角洲河口延伸过程的三阶段模式。     

A historical perspective of the morphological evolution in the lower Ebro river

 The morphological evolution, hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics of the lower Ebro are studied from historical and current data in order to determine the main changes that have governed the evolution of the Ebro channel near the river mouth during the last few centuries. The evolution of the mouth of this river during the last 2000-years, from an estuary to a delta, is interpreted as a process that has been accelerated by human land management. However, an inverse trend has been observed during recent decades: (1) the river mouth has been affected by erosion due to a drastic decrease in the river sediment discharge, and (2) the lower Ebro tends to evolve towards a quasi-permanent salt-wedge estuary as a consequence of the decrease in the river water discharge. Freshwater and sediment discharge decreases are mainly related to intense river water management during this century. The salt wedge favours erosion in the river banks, widening the river channel and causing an aggradational trend in the lower Ebro. Accretion-erosion rates and the sediment budget in the river mouth are estimated for different conditions. Received: 13 November 1995 · Accepted: 17 June 1996