宁夏灵盐地区荒漠化灾害与农牧业持续发展

分析了宁夏灵盐地区荒漠化灾害过程中自然环境与人力活动的相互作用，并讨论了区域农牧业经济发展的“退耕还牧”治沙等社会问题。在第四纪地质时期荒漠化的发生发展是一种“气候－地貌”的自然过程；在人类历史时期是气候主控下人为叠加干扰的“自然－人为”地貌过程。自然环境与人为活动具有使荒漠化发生正向或逆转变化的双重机制。     

人类活动中温室气体的排放对气温影响综述

本文广泛参阅了国内外科学家的研究成果，综合论述分析了几种主要温室气体的源、汇及其浓度变化特征，研究分析了其增暖潜力，温室效应的强度和对人类社会各方面的影响，提出人类为保护自身的生存环境，必须严格控制温室气体的排放量。     

广州市人居环境可持续发展水平综合评价

在探讨人居环境与可持续发展关系的基础上,从居住条件、城市生态环境、公共服务基础设施和可持续性4个方面构建了广州市人居环境可持续发展的评价指标体系,并采用简单算术平均方法计算出近11年广州市人居环境的各指标及其可持续发展水平评价分值,对广州市人居环境可持续发展现状及其与经济发展之间的关系进行了定量评价.结果表明,广州市人居环境正朝着可持续方向发展,与经济发展的阶段基本一致,但滞后于经济发展.     

最近十年来中国地理科学的进展

最近十年来中国地理科学的最重要进展有:自然地理学与人文地理学的平衡发展,人口、资源、环境的研究,遥感的应用与地理信息系统的建立,自然地理定位观测,青藏高原隆起对自然环境的影响,城市与城市规划,中国历史地理研究等。最近,并已开始研究气候变化与海平面上升对中国的影响,使我国地理科学研究紧紧跟上世界发展的步伐。     

广东大亚湾石珊瑚群落的分布及动态变化

2006年6月对位于南海北部亚热带的大亚湾和大鹏湾石珊瑚群落的分布、种类和覆盖率进行了调查,结果显示大亚湾共有石珊瑚24种,以秘密角蜂巢珊瑚(Favites abdita)为优势种,总覆盖率为20%,大鹏湾有石珊瑚21种,以精巧扁脑珊瑚(Platygyra daedalea)为优势种,总覆盖率为7.9%。大亚湾石珊瑚群落健康状况良好,但生长稀疏,群落密度低,空间结构简单,生长带窄;与1964年、1983年、1984年和1991年的调查结果相比,覆盖率从76.6%下降到20%,优势种从枝状的霜鹿角珊瑚(Acropora Pruinosa)转变成块状或皮壳状的秘密角蜂巢珊瑚,群落生态退化严重,主要原因可能是人为破坏活动对珊瑚本身以及生长环境造成的压力所致,包括过度捕捞、盗采珊瑚、沿岸施工和水体污染等,建议采取相应的保护措施。     

浅议我国北方地区的沙漠化问题

本文根据作者在我国沙漠地区的多年研究工作,对沙漠化的概念含义、我国沙漠化的成因和沙漠化现状等问题提出了看法。     

Natural environmental changes and human impact reflected in sediments of a high alpine lake in Switzerland

From the high alpine Sägistalsee (1935 m a.s.l.), 13.50 m of continuously laminated sediments comprising the last 9050 years, were analyzed. Even though Sägistalsee is a high elevation site, human-induced environmental changes start as early as 4300 cal. BP and leave a clearly detectable signal in the mineralogy of the sediments, which is much stronger than the signal from natural environmental changes that occurred before this time. Variations in the physical and mineralogical sediment properties of this clastic sequence reflect erosional changes in the catchment, where almost pure limestone contrasts with carbonaceous, quartz-bearing marl, and shist. The calcite/quartz (Cc/Qz) ratio was found to be most indicative of these changes, which occurred around AD 1850 and at 650, 2000, 3700, and 6400 cal. BP. The first four are interpreted as erosion events, which are related to human-induced changes in the vegetation cover and land use. We associate them to the recent development of tourism and grazing, the medieval intensification of pasturing, Roman forest clearance, and Bronze Age forest clearance, respectively. The Cc/Qz-ratio increases significantly within less than 100 years during these events, reflecting the erosion of unweathered or poorly weathered soils. The time intervals in between are characterized by a gradually decreasing Cc/Qz-ratio and reflect the stabilization or formation of new soils. Only the change at 6400 cal. BP, which represents the initial gradual stabilization of the catchment, is related to the immigration of Picea abies.     

论华北地区河口衰亡

河口衰亡是指河口空间形态、河口作用过程及河口功能的衰亡。河口衰亡的主导诱因是人类对河流所实施的水利工程活动。河口衰亡将引起海岸侵蚀、河口淤积、河口环境退化等一系列问题。     

The Impact of Human Activities on CO2 Intake by Carbonate Weathering: A Case Study of Conglin Karst Ridge-trough at Fuling Town,Chongqing, China

The chemical weathering can consume atmosphere/soil CO2. Human activities such as pollution, fertilization and acid precipitation have exerted a large impact on CO2 intake by carbonate weathering. Thus, based on the analysis on chemical component change of the karst groundwater in the karst ridge watershed of Conglin Village, Fuling District of Chongqing City, the influence of human activities such as fertilization, sewage discharges from mustard tuber processing, breeding industry and acid rain precipitation on carbonate weathering and CO2 intake in 1980, 2003 and 2006 was studied. The results showed that CO2 intake by carbonate rock declined with year. Because H+ derived from acid sewage discharge, fertilization and acid precipitation reacted with carbonate rock when mustard tuber production and swine breeding were developed fleetly after 2000 as well as the burning amount of high-sulfur coal augmented persistently, which led to the increase of (Ca2++Mg2+)/HCO3-. The difference on charge between Ca2++Mg2+ and HCO3- was balanced by NO3-+SO42-. The control on pollution and acid rain, especially the pre-neutralization of acid waste water, would rejuvenate the atmospheric CO2 intake strength of carbonate weathering besides the protection of water and soil environment     

黑河流域水环境演变及其驱动机制研究进展

基于近几十年来诸多学者对西北干旱区典型内陆河流域——黑河流域水环境演变诸方面研究成果,综述了上游山区成水环境、中游绿洲用水环境和下游荒漠天然绿洲水成环境在不同时间尺度上的演变过程及其驱动机制。通过对各种古环境代用指标的对比研究表明：在大尺度上,流域上下游表现出阶段性的一致性水环境演变趋势;在小尺度上,则表现水环境演变的时空异质性。驱动机制方面,在空间上,流域上、中、下游水环境演变的气候变化和人类活动影响驱动作用各有侧重;在时间上,表现为不同尺度上气候变化与流域人类活动耦合作用的驱动机制。