华北板块北缘中段姚五沟岩体锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学特征及其与区域构造演化的关系

内蒙古太仆寺旗地区的姚五沟岩体位于华北板块北缘中段,主要岩石类型为花岗斑岩。岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果为141.6 Ma±1.3 Ma(MSWD=0.78),形成于晚侏罗世。岩石化学特征显示岩体具高硅富碱的特征,A/CNK=0.93～1.07,为准铝质-弱过铝质,属高钾钙碱性系列。稀土配分模式呈右倾"V"字型,Eu负异常较显著(δEu=0.30～0.43),轻重稀土分异明显(w(La)N/w(Yb)N=34.04～48.59)。微量元素表现出富集Rb、Th、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Ba、Sr和Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素,具有较高的10000×w(Ga)/w(Al)值(2.85～2.92)和w(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)值(537.80×10~(-6)～584.10×10~(-6));表明其属A型花岗岩,由下地壳部分熔融而来,并伴随少量幔源组分参与,形成于非造山伸展环境。与研究区内的后淖S型花岗岩(255.8 Ma±1.6Ma,晚二叠世)和白旗A型花岗岩(134.6Ma±1.1Ma,晚侏罗世)的地球化学特征对比,发现由晚二叠世到晚侏罗世,岩浆源区由上地壳的泥质岩部分熔融转换为下地壳部分熔融,并伴随少量幔源组分参与,其大地构造背景由陆-陆碰撞环境转换为非造山伸展环境。     

Structure and tectonic evolution of the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Wandashan accretionary complex,NE China

The Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Wandashan accretionary complex (AC) in NE China is a key region for constraining the subduction and accretion of the Palaeo-Pacific Ocean; however, the protoliths and structure of the region remain poorly understood, resulting in debates regarding crustal growth mechanisms and subduction-related accretionary processes in Northeast China. In this contribution, we integrate detailed field observations, ocean plate stratigraphy (OPS) reconstruction, and associated geological data to determine the structure and tectonic evolution of the Wandashan AC. The Wandashan AC formed through the progressive incorporation of OPS units along an oceanic trench. The observed OPS comprises, in ascending order, Permian basalt and limestone, Middle Triassic–Early Jurassic chert, Middle Jurassic siliceous shale and mudstone, and Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous turbidite. Numerous NNE–SSW-striking thrust faults have segmented the OPS into a series of bedding-parallel tectonic slices that were successively thrust over the Jiamusi massif along a basal thrust (the Yuejinshan Fault), producing a large-scale imbricate thrust system. The Wandashan AC underwent oceanward accretion via multiple deformational processes. The OPS units were detached and rearranged along or within a decollement through offscraping, underplating, thrusting, and duplexing. The units were then emplaced over the Jiamusi massif along the basal thrust. The timing of accretion and thrusting is constrained to the latest Middle Jurassic to earliest Early Cretaceous (ca. 167–131 Ma). Reconstructed accretion-related structural lines within the Wandashan AC trend dominantly NE–SW, close to the direction of Jurassic extension at the eastern Asian continental margin. Large-scale left-lateral strike-slip movement on the Dunmi Fault during the late Early Cretaceous resulted in the folding of structural lines within the Wandashan AC, producing their present-day westward-convex orientation.     

吉林中部红旗岭北沟花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学特征及其地质意义

对华北板块北缘碰撞造山带东段吉林中部红旗岭北沟花岗岩岩体进行了岩相学、地球化学和LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年研究。锆石测年结果显示红旗岭北沟花岗岩的结晶年龄为263 Ma,形成于中二叠世晚期。北沟花岗岩为准铝质高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩类,富集轻稀土(LREEs)和大离子亲石元素(LILEs,Cs、Ba、K和Sr),亏损重稀土(HREEs)和高场强元素(HFSEs,Nb、Ta和Ti),同时显示埃达克岩的地球化学特征,为加厚镁铁质下地壳部分熔融的产物。花岗岩的侵位暗示了中二叠世晚期在吉林中部可能已经发生了华北板块北缘东段与松嫩地块的初始碰撞。     

西太平洋若干沟-弧-盆体系及板内岩浆成因研究进展

板块俯冲和板内岩浆作用都是导致地表和地球内部物质大规模循环的重要地质过程。但是,两个地质过程的岩浆成因机制,以及成因上的内在联系都存在很大争议。西太平洋是全球沟-弧-盆体系最发育的地区,也是全球板内火山作用(海山和洋底高原)分布最集中的场所。为阐明西太平洋海盆的上地幔软流圈性质、岛弧岩浆形成的控制机制、以及板块内部火山作用(碱性火山岩)的成因机制,在中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)"热带西太平洋海洋系统物质能量交换及其影响"项目的资助下,本文对西太平洋马里亚纳-雅浦俯冲系统、汤加-科玛迪克俯冲带及其俯冲前缘海盆的成因机制、南中国海扩张期海盆玄武岩和板内火山作用、西太平洋海盆上地幔的Dupal异常分布和成因机制等展开了系统的岩石学和地球化学研究,并取得了新的科学认识和成果。主要认识包括:(1)雅浦岛弧主要由变质岩-角闪岩组成,其形成于3—6Kbar温压条件下,代表岛弧下部来自帕里西维拉海盆的变质基底;(2)加洛林洋脊主要由玄武岩组成,其不是一个岛弧,而可能是一个地幔柱形成的洋底高原;(3)汤加-科玛迪克岛弧岩浆组成体现了西南太平洋俯冲板片俯冲速率的直接影响;(4)厘定了汤加-科玛迪克俯冲前缘板块的年龄(103.7Ma),并认识到其代表古太平洋扩张中心并消耗了Ontong Java超级地幔柱的组分;(5)首次在南海发现了碳酸盐化的硅酸岩岩浆向碱性玄武岩转化的现象,提出了板内碱性玄武岩成因的新链条;(6)西太平洋海盆的地幔广泛存在Dupal异常,该异常从西太平洋岛弧俯冲带一直延伸至南海海盆,其中南海海盆的Dupal异常主要受到大陆裂解和海南地幔柱作用的双重影响。通过以上认识,进一步揭示了西太平洋沟-弧-盆体系和板内岩浆体系作用机制,以及俯冲板片物质与板内火山活动之间的成因关联,这对于深刻理解板块构造导致的地球内外物质循环规律有一定的推动作用。     

Low-cycle fatigue crack initiation life of hull-notched plate considering short crack effect and accumulative plastic damage

When studying the low-cycle fatigue crack initiation life of notched plates, the effects of fatigue short crack and accumulative plastic damage in the vicinity of the notch should be considered. The low-cycle fatigue crack initiation life of notched plates has been revised in the analysis process by considering the short crack initiation and expansion of notch stress concentration area. By determining the accumulative plastic deformation in the vicinity of a notch under low-cycle fatigue loads, a predictive model of low-cycle fatigue crack initiation life was presented for notched plates, and the relative influence factors were quantitatively analyzed. A comparison study verified that the results obtained from the presented calculation model correlate quite well with those from the existing experiments. Some important conclusions were drawn from the study on considering the effects of short crack and accumulative plastic damage. The presented method may be used for predicting the low-cycle fatigue crack initiation life of ship plate.     

Microstructures and properties of TC4 ELI alloy with horizontal EBW for submersible manned cabin

The welding was one of the technologies to manufacture manned cabin, which was a significant part of the submersible. To improve the procedure, horizontal EBW was employed on TC4 ELI alloy with 60 mm thickness, and the microstructures and properties of the joints were investigated. The crystals and microstructures of the welds were homogeneous from the top to bottom, and the microhardness of the weld was equivalent, which was harder than that of the base metal. The tensile properties of the joints were homogeneous along the penetration. The tensile strength and yield strength of the joints were higher than those of the base metal, and the percentage elongation after fracture was 80% of the base metal, which indicated the strength mis-match as overmatching. The impact toughnesses of the welds were equivalent along the penetration, which reached 80% of the base metal. The joint specimens were bended to 180° with no cracks. The investigation verified the excellent procedure and properties of horizontal EBW, which would make China become one of the countries with the capacity of manufacturing submersible cabin.     

Experimental investigation on the effect of spudcan shape on spudcan-footprint interaction

The interaction between a spudcan and an existing footprint is one of the major concerns during jack-up rig installation. The influence of spudcan-footprint interaction has recently been well addressed by a number of researchers. A lack of investigation exists in mitigating spudcan-footprint interaction issues. In the field, stomping and successive repositioning is conventionally used in installing a rig adjacent to an existing footprint. Water jetting and perforation drilling are also sometimes suggested. This paper reports a measure for easing spudcan-footprint interaction issues, with the efficiency of a spudcan with 4 slots tested through model tests carried out at 1 g on the laboratory floor. The soil conditions tested simulate soft to moderate seabed strength profiles close to the mudline, varying the undrained shear strength. The most critical reinstallation locations of 0.5D and 1D (D = spudcan diameter) and existing footprint depths of 0.33D and 0.66D were investigated. By comparing with a conventional spudcan, the spudcan with slots reduced the induced maximum moment, horizontal force, and horizontal sliding distance by up to 80%, 40%, and 98% respectively. Critically, no additional operations, such as stomping/repositioning, perforation drilling, water jetting, are required to be performed offshore.     

板翼动力锚水中自由下落过程数值模拟

板翼动力锚是依靠自重完成安装并靠自重和海床土的抗力来锚固的新型动力锚。板翼动力锚在水中自由下落的阻力决定了锚到达海床表面时的速度,进而直接决定了锚贯入海床中的深度以及它能提供的承载力。板翼动力锚的形状比较复杂,采用计算流体动力学的方法研究板翼动力锚的下落速度、水平位移和转角与下落位移的关系。计算结果表明:板翼动力锚的拖曳阻力系数约为0.93~1.12之间;在沉贯过程中应使加载臂与翼板共面以减少阻力;板翼动力锚的终端速度约为28 m/s。     

An edge-based smoothed point interpolation method for elasto-plastic coupled hydro-mechanical analysis of saturated porous media

An edge-based smoothed point interpolation method is adopted for coupled hydro-mechanical analysis of saturated porous media with elasto-plastic behaviour. A novel approach for the evaluation of the coupling matrix of the porous media is adopted. Stress integration is performed using the substepping method, and the modified Newton-Raphson approach is utilised to address the nonlinearities arising from the elasto-plastic constitutive model used in the formulation. Numerical examples are studied and the results are compared with analytical solutions and those obtained from the conventional finite element method (FEM) to evaluate the performance of the proposed model.     

徐州西南部地质构造特征及成因

以大地构造理论为基础,通过对徐州西南部的小构造尺度的断层、褶皱及其相互联系的研究,结合区域构造的特点,对前人的观点提出新的认识,并合理补充徐宿弧形构造的成因机制。结合地层的岩性特征,认为该构造的形成前期以板块挤压伴随重力滑覆为主,后期以多向重力滑脱为主,研究区的构造特征是由两期构造共同结合的产物。