Chromothermal oscillations and collapse of strange stars to black holes: astrophysical implications

We study the effects of temperature on strange stars. It is found that the maximum mass of the star decreases with the increase of temperature, as at high temperatures the equations of state become softer. Moreover, if the temperature of a strange star increases, keeping its baryon number fixed, its gravitational mass increases and its radius decreases. This leads to a limiting temperature, where it turns into a black hole. These features are the result of a combined effect of the change of gluon mass and the quark distribution with temperature. We report on a new type of radial oscillation of strange stars, driven by what we call 'chromothermal' instability. We also discuss the relevance of our findings in the astrophysics of core collapse supernovae and gamma-ray bursts.     

准饱和多孔介质中圈闭气体对渗透系数的影响

含圈闭气体的地下水流称为准饱和流,准饱和流中的圈闭气体对含水层渗透系数有重大影响。通过柱试验开展了粉砂、细砂、中砂和粗砂4种介质圈闭气体饱和度与准饱和渗透系数关系的研究。结果表明:圈闭气体饱和度明显受介质的粒径影响,在细粒介质中圈闭气体饱和度明显较大;4种介质圈闭气体饱和度在0~15%范围内,准饱和渗透系数与完全饱和相比减少了32.82%~56.38%,且准饱和渗透系数与圈闭气体饱和度之间可表达为一个负线性相关的经验公式;该公式与Faybishenko公式等效,但形式简单,参数较少,使用方便;准饱和渗透系数的变化规律可概化为圈闭气体占据了原有的有效孔隙,造成原有效孔隙度减少,从而使渗透系数减小。利用该理论,Kozeny-Carman方程能较准确地描述准饱和渗透系数的变化规律,而基于哈根-泊肃叶方程的渗透系数公式则存在较大误差,不适用于描述准饱和渗透系数;试验结果证明了室内测定饱和渗透系数时排除圈闭气体的必要性。     

高效优化非分裂PML边界二阶标量波方程数值模拟方法

卷积完全匹配层（convolution perfectly matched layer,CPML）吸收边界是一种高效处理波动方程数值模拟中人工边界反射波的方法。本文基于传统的一阶系统CPML吸收边界条件推广并推导了新的二阶系统CPML边界条件（NCPML）。与常规二阶系统CPML边界条件不同,新边界条件推导的核心思想是在复数-频率域中忽略部分衰减因子空间变化特性,避免其在时间域产生复杂卷积算子,然后反变换至时间域得到基于CPML吸收条件的二阶标量波方程,并应用于二阶标量波方程数值模拟。均匀介质模型测试验证了NCPML吸收条件在内存使用上相对于常规二阶系统CPML与SPML（split PML）吸收条件更少。在对人工边界反射的吸收效果上,NCPML稍逊色于常规二阶系统CPML,但二者均相对于SPML优势明显。最后通过层状模型和Marmousi模型测试验证了NCPML的稳定性及其在效率上的优势。     

基于NAD算法的声波方程时间四阶差分解法

波动方程数值模拟是研究地震波传播机理的重要工具,有限差分求解波动方程是当前地震波数值模拟的主要方法之一。当地下介质中的地震波速度较低或地震波高频成分丰富时,常规有限差分技术常常产生严重的数值频散误差,这种误差会降低数值模拟的精度,影响对地震波传播机理的分析。为压制地震波数值模拟时产生的数值频散误差,提高波场模拟精度,提出了基于NAD算子的时间四阶精度波动方程差分格式。根据对应的差分格式,分析了该差分格式的数值频散关系。与常规四阶精度差分算法的频散曲线相比,基于NAD时间四阶精度差分方法不但能够实现时间频散的有效压制,同时其基于更多网格点的位移分量和位移梯度分量空间微分求解方法还能够实现空间频散的有效压制。另外在相同模型条件下,基于NAD算法的声波方程时间四阶差分解法可采用大网格对模拟空间进行差分离散,减少网格数,提高计算效率。     

Numerical study for vegetation effects on coastal wave propagation by using nonlinear Boussinesq model

The vegetation has important impacts on coastal wave propagation. In the paper, the sensitivities of coastal wave attenuation due to vegetation to incident wave height, wave period and water depth, as well as vegetation configurations are numerically studied by using the fully nonlinear Boussinesq model. The model is based on the implementation of drag resistances due to vegetation in the fully nonlinear Boussinesq equation where the drag resistance is provided by the Morison’s formulation for rigid structure induced drag stresses. The model is firstly validated by comparing with the experimental results for wave propagation in vegetation zones. Subsequently, the model is used to simulate waves with different height, period propagating on vegetation zones with different water depth and vegetation configurations. The sensitivities of wave attenuation to incident wave height, wave period, water depth, as well as vegetation configurations are investigated based on the numerical results. The numerical results indicate that wave height attenuation due to vegetation is sensitive to incident wave height, wave period, water depth, as well as vegetation configurations, and attenuation ratio of wave height is increased monotonically with increases of incident wave height and decreases of water depth, while it is complex for wave period. Moreover, more vegetation segments can strengthen the interaction of vegetation and wave in a certain range.     

Comparative Analysis of the Generalized Omega Equation and Generalized Vertical Motion Equation

Research on vertical motion in mesoscale systems is an extraordinarily challenging effort. Allowing for fewer assumptions, a new form of generalized vertical motion equation and a generalized Omega equation are derived in the Cartesian coordinate system(nonhydrostatic equilibrium) and the isobaric coordinate system(hydrostatic equilibrium),respectively. The terms on the right-hand side of the equations, which comprise the Q vector, are composed of three factors:dynamic, thermodynamic, and mass. ...     

结合双树复小波变换的四阶偏微分影像去噪方法

针对低阶偏微分方程去噪模型通常会使图像的灰度趋于分段常量而产生阶梯效应的问题,结合小波多尺度分解在图像处理中的应用,提出一种结合双树复小波变换(DT-CWT)的四阶偏微分方程(PDE)影像去噪模型。首先采用DT-CWT对噪声影像进行多尺度分解,保留分解后的低频分量不变,其他层复高频分量采用四阶PDE去噪模型去噪,然后重构相应层的高、低频分量,得到最终去噪后影像。对不同噪声强度下的ZY-3卫星影像去噪实验的结果表明,采用本文方法去除遥感影像噪声相比现有方法得到的去噪结果信噪比平均提高了1~2 d B,提高了去噪影像的结构相似度,在有效去除影像高斯噪声的同时能够较好地保留图像细节信息。     

The Boussinesq-BO equation for algebraic gravity solitary waves in baroclinic atmosphere and the research of squall lines formation mechanism

The gravity solitary waves are a kind of waves which are caused by the disturbance of static equilibrium. The nonlinearity concentration of the gravity solitary waves makes the energy assemble together and forms disastrous weather phenomena, such as squall lines. By the calculation condition and theoretical method limit, previous studies tried hard to reduce the variable numbers and discussed the gravity solitary waves in barotropic atmosphere, but the baroclinic problem of atmosphere is inevitable topic. In this paper, from the basic kinetic equations in baroclinic non-static equilibrium atmosphere, by using multi-scale analysis and perturbation method, a new model is derived to describe the algebraic gravity solitary waves, we call it Boussinesq-BO equation. Comparing with the former models, the Boussinesq-BO model can describe the propagation process of waves in two directions and is more suitable for the real atmosphere condition. With the help of the trial function method, an exact solution of Boussinesq-BO equation is obtained and the fission property of algebraic gravity solitary waves is discussed. Finally, we can find that the fission of algebraic gravity solitary waves is also a possible formation mechanism of squall lines.     

广州市零售商业中心的居民消费时空行为及其机制

居民消费行为的空间选择及其影响因素是地理学的重点关注领域,已有研究对行为中时间选择、时空关系及内在机制的研究相对缺乏。为揭示居民消费时空行为形成的影响因素以及各因素内在相互作用机制,基于2016年广州城市居民消费行为调查数据,分析消费者到大型商业中心内消费的时空特征,构建结构方程模型,探讨消费时空行为影响因素和作用机制。研究表明：居民在商业中心的消费行为存在明显的时空差异。在影响路径方面,消费者社会经济属性通过影响消费偏好导致消费时空行为的差异,商业空间属性既可以直接影响消费时空行为,也可以通过影响消费偏好而间接对其施加影响,消费偏好既可以直接影响消费时空行为,又是消费者社会经济属性和商业空间属性影响消费时空行为的中间变量。在显著性因素方面,年龄、家庭结构、在广州居住时间、就业状况、家庭月收入等消费者社会经济属性变量会显著影响消费时空行为,各个商业空间属性变量都在不同程度上影响消费行为在时间和空间上的差异,仅有出行交通方式、出行花费时间2个消费偏好变量会显著影响消费者消费时空间行为。本文结论可以加深对商业中心内消费时空行为影响因素及其作用机制的理解,并为商业网点规划调整、商业中心转型升级提供建议。     

都市区空间结构与经济发展的互动关系研究

文章采用结构方程模型实证检验空间结构与经济发展的互动关系。研究发现,中国都市区已经进入多中心分散阶段,空间结构与经济发展存在因果关系,即经济发展水平的提高会扩大人口规模,规模增加则导致集聚不经济上升,并促进空间结构多中心化。多中心化后的空间结构由于降低了集聚不经济而进一步提高生产率。因而,传统地理学中关于两者互动发展的描述得到实证支持;同时明确了多中心化的直接动力是人口规模的增加,而不是经济发展水平的提高。这些发现对于优化当前中国的城市与区域空间战略具有重要的启示。