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71.
72.
Evidence for transform faulting in the Ionian sea: The Cephalonia island earthquake sequence of 1983 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
E. M. Scordilis G. F. Karakaisis B. G. Karacostas D. G. Panagiotopoulos P. E. Comninakis B. C. Papazachos 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1985,123(3):388-397
Accurate locations of aftershocks of the January 17, 1983 (M
s=7.0) main shock in the Ionian islands have been determined, as well as fault plane solutions for this main shock and its largest aftershock, which are interpreted as a right-lateral, strike-slip motion with a thrust component, on a fault striking in about a NE-SW direction.This is considered as a transform fault in the northwesternmost part of the Hellenic arc. 相似文献
73.
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) was used in an effort to locate a major active fault that traverses Aqaba City, Jordan. Measurements over an exposed (trenched) cross fault outside of the city identify a radar signature consisting of linear events and horizontal offset/flexured reflectors both showing a geometric correlation with two known faults at a control site. The asymmetric linear events are consistent with dipping planar reflectors matching the known direction of dip of the faults. However, other observations regarding this radar signature render the mechanism generating these events more complex and uncertain.GPR measurements in Aqaba City were limited to vacant lots. Seven GPR profiles were conducted approximately perpendicular to the assumed strike of the fault zone, based on regional geological evidence. A radar response very similar to that obtained over the cross fault was observed on five of the profiles in Aqaba City, although the response is weaker than that obtained at the control site. The positions of the identified responses form a near straight line with a strike of 45°. Although subsurface verification of the fault by trenching within the city is needed, the geophysical evidence for fault zone location is strong. The location of the interpreted fault zone relative to emergency services, military bases, commercial properties, and residential areas is defined to within a few meters. This study has significant implications for seismic hazard analysis in this tectonically active and heavily populated region. 相似文献
74.
Structure and evolution of an obliquely sheared continental margin: Rio Muni, West Africa 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Oblique-shear margins are divergent continental terrains whose breakup and early drift evolution are characterized by significant obliquity in the plate divergence vector relative to the strike of the margin. We focus on the Rio Muni margin, equatorial West Africa, where the ca. 70-km-wide Ascension Fracture Zone (AFZ) exhibits oblique–slip faulting and synrift half-graben formation that accommodated oblique extension during the period leading up to and immediately following whole lithosphere failure and continental breakup (ca. 117 Ma). Oblique extension is recorded also by strike–slip and oblique–slip fault geometry within the AFZ, and buckling of Aptian synrift rocks in response to block rotation and local transpression. Rio Muni shares basic characteristics of both rifted and transform margins, the end members of a spectrum of continental margin kinematics. At transform margins, continental breakup and the onset of oceanic spreading (drifting) are separate episodes recorded by discrete breakup and drift unconformities. Oceanic opening will proceed immediately following breakup on a rifted margin, whereas transform and oblique-shear margins may experience several tens of millennia between breakup and drift. Noncoeval breakup and drift have important consequences for the fit of the equatorial South American and African margins because, in reconstructing the configuration of conjugate continental margins at the time of their breakup, it cannot be assumed that highly segmented margins like the South Atlantic will match each other at their ocean–continent boundaries (OCBs). Well known ‘misfits’ in reconstructions of South Atlantic continental margins may be accounted for by differential timing of breakup and drifting between oblique-shear margins and their adjacent rifted segments. 相似文献
75.
希尔伯特—黄变换用于处理非线性非平稳信号,由经验模态分解和希尔伯特谱分析2部分组成。本文采用希尔伯特—黄变换方法,相继对大同地震台地电阻率月值数据和宝昌地震台地电阻率月值、整点值数据进行处理。结果显示:(1)大同、宝昌地震台地电阻率月值数据对应的Hilbert谱具有较高分辨率,高幅值在归一化频率0.05—0.15区间内呈"余弦"变化形态;(2)希尔伯特—黄变换在提取地电阻率异常变化、高频信息及去除噪声等方面效果较好,在未来地电资料处理中具有广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
76.
基于HHT的结构强震记录分析研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文利用HHT(Hilbert-HUang Transform)研究了结构强震记录的时频特性及结构动力特性。介绍了一座7层钢混框架结构及其强震观测台阵概况以及经历的地震情况,选择了在3次有代表性地震中的强震记录,利用一种新的非平稳信号处理方法HHT对记录进行了处理和分析,得到了该结构强震记录的时频幅值三维分布以及边际谱,并将边际谱与傅里叶谱进行了对比,识别了结构的自振频率。研究表明,对结构强震记录这种强非平稳信号,可以利用HHT分析得到能量集中分布的频段与时间范围。HHT边际谱与傅里叶谱相比,在低频部分幅值要大于傅里叶谱,而在高频部分,幅值要小于傅里叶谱。利用结构强震记录识别的自振频率比环境振动测试结果要小。 相似文献
77.
H.-J. Götze R. El-Kelani S. Schmidt M. Rybakov M. Hassouneh H.-J. Förster J. Ebbing DESERT Group 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2007,96(2):289-302
A 3D interpretation of the newly compiled Bouguer anomaly in the area of the “Dead Sea Rift” is presented. A high-resolution
3D model constrained with the seismic results reveals the crustal thickness and density distribution beneath the Arava/Araba
Valley (AV), the region between the Dead Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba/Elat. The Bouguer anomalies along the axial portion of
the AV, as deduced from the modelling results, are mainly caused by deep-seated sedimentary basins (D > 10 km). An inferred zone of intrusion coincides with the maximum gravity anomaly on the eastern flank of the AV. The intrusion
is displaced at different sectors along the NNW–SSE direction. The zone of maximum crustal thinning (depth 30 km) is attained
in the western sector at the Mediterranean. The southeastern plateau, on the other hand, shows by far the largest crustal
thickness of the region (38–42 km). Linked to the left lateral movement of approx. 105 km at the boundary between the African
and Arabian plate, and constrained with recent seismic data, a small asymmetric topography of the Moho beneath the Dead Sea
Transform (DST) was modelled. The thickness and density of the crust suggest that the AV is underlain by continental crust.
The deep basins, the relatively large intrusion and the asymmetric topography of the Moho lead to the conclusion that a small-scale
asthenospheric upwelling could be responsible for the thinning of the crust and subsequent creation of the Dead Sea basin
during the left lateral movement. A clear segmentation along the strike of the DST was obtained by curvature analysis: the
northern part in the neighbourhood of the Dead Sea is characterised by high curvature of the residual gravity field. Flexural
rigidity calculations result in very low values of effective elastic lithospheric thickness (t
e < 5 km). This points to decoupling of crust in the Dead Sea area. In the central, AV the curvature is less pronounced and
t
e increases to approximately 10 km. Curvature is high again in the southernmost part near the Aqaba region. Solutions of Euler
deconvolution were visualised together with modelled density bodies and fit very well into the density model structures.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
78.
Shear zones in porous sand: Insights from ring-shear experiments and naturally deformed sandstones 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
In a high-resolution small-scale seismic experiment we investigated the shallow structure of the Wadi Araba fault (WAF), the principal fault strand of the Dead Sea Transform System between the Gulf of Aqaba/Eilat and the Dead Sea. The experiment consisted of 8 sub-parallel 1 km long seismic lines crossing the WAF. The recording station spacing was 5 m and the source point distance was 20 m. The first break tomography yields insight into the fault structure down to a depth of about 200 m. The velocity structure varies from one section to the other which were 1 to 2 km apart, but destinct velocity variations along the fault are visible between several profiles. The reflection seismic images show positive flower structures and indications for different sedimentary layers at the two sides of the main fault. Often the superficial sedimentary layers are bent upward close to the WAF. Our results indicate that this section of the fault (at shallow depths) is characterized by a transpressional regime. We detected a 100 to 300 m wide heterogeneous zone of deformed and displaced material which, however, is not characterized by low seismic velocities at a larger scale. At greater depth the geophysical images indicate a blocked cross-fault structure. The structure revealed, fault cores not wider than 10 m, are consistent with scaling from wear mechanics and with the low loading to healing ratio anticipated for the fault. 相似文献
79.
Abdallah S. Al-Zoubi Till Heinrichs Isam Qabbani Uri S. ten-Brink 《Tectonophysics》2007,434(1-4):55-69
Recently released reflection seismic lines from the Eastern side of the Jordan River north of the Dead Sea were interpreted by using borehole data and incorporated with the previously published seismic lines of the eastern side of the Jordan River. For the first time, the lines from the eastern side of the Jordan River were combined with the published reflection seismic lines from the western side of the Jordan River. In the complete cross sections, the inner deep basin is strongly asymmetric toward the Jericho Fault supporting the interpretation of this segment of the fault as the long-lived and presently active part of the Dead Sea Transform. There is no indication for a shift of the depocenter toward a hypothetical eastern major fault with time, as recently suggested. Rather, the north-eastern margin of the deep basin takes the form of a large flexure, modestly faulted. In the N–S-section along its depocenter, the floor of the basin at its northern end appears to deepen continuously by roughly 0.5 km over 10 km distance, without evidence of a transverse fault. The asymmetric and gently-dipping shape of the basin can be explained by models in which the basin is located outside the area of overlap between en-echelon strike-slip faults. 相似文献
80.
The role of fluids in faulting deformation:a case study from the Dead Sea Transform (Jordan) 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
C. Janssen R. L. Romer A. Hoffmann-Rothe B. Mingram P. Dulski P. Möller H. Al-Zubi 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2005,94(2):243-255
The geochemistry of carbonate fault rocks has been examined in two areas of the Arava Fault segment, which forms the major branch of the Dead Sea Transform between the Dead Sea and the Gulf of Aquaba. The role of fluids in faulting deformation in the selected fault segment is remarkably different from observations at other major fault zones. Our data suggest reduced fluid rock interactions in both areas and limited fluid flow. The fault did not act as an important fluid conduit. There are no indications that hydrothermal reactions (cementation, dissolution) did change the strength and behavior of the fault zone, although the two areas show considerable differences with respect to fluid sources and fluid flow. In one area, the investigated calcite mineralization reveals an open fluid system with fluids originating from a variety of sources. Stable isotopes (13C, 18O), strontium isotopes, and trace elements indicate both infiltration of descending (meteoric and/or sea water) and ascending hydrothermal fluids. In the other area, all geochemical data indicate only local (small scale) fluid redistribution. These fluids were derived from the adjacent limestones under nearly closed-system conditions. 相似文献