Oxygen and carbon isotopes in Jordanian phosphorites and associated fossils

Stable isotopes have proven to be efficient tools for paleoenvironmental analysis and interpretation of paleotemperature. Oxygen and carbon isotopes were analyzed in carbonate flourapatite (francolite), oyster shells, tests of foraminifera and ostracods from the Phosphorite Unit throughout Jordan.Isotopic analysis showed δ¹⁸O to be enriched in authigenic francolite in Upper Cretaceous in NW Jordan, indicating lower temperatures, a deeper depositional environment and lower salinity than Central Jordan. In Central Jordan, the local basin of Hafira shows enrichment of δ¹⁸O indicating a deeper depositional environment than shallower highs in Mutarammil and Wadi El-Hasa. The δ¹³C shows that the depositional environment was oxic to suboxic and may have reached the suboxic to anoxic interface in the deeper environment in NW Jordan.δ¹⁸O values in tests of foraminifera and ostracods are similar to δ¹⁸O values of authigenic phosphate, which is enriched in NW Jordan, indicating lower temperature, lower salinity and a deeper environment than Central Jordan. In Central Jordan, δ¹³C shows more depletion in the Sultani section due to land derived organic carbon (food web supply) carried by terrestrial water draining to the sea.The δ¹⁸O in oyster shells show an upward enrichment in the Wadi El-Hasa section, which indicate an increase of intense upwelling, enrichment of nutrients, development of productivity and growth of oyster buildups. Meanwhile, Hafira shows enrichment of δ¹⁸O and lower temperature, in agreement with foraminifera and ostracods. The two samples of oysters from SE Jordan, although affected by diagenesis, show heavier oxygen to the north, indicating a deeper water environment and lower salinity in the same basin.     

浙江晚泥盆世的石松类(Lycopodiales)化石

本文描述了萧山虎山和长兴泗安晚泥盆世地层中的石松类化石,共有6个属9个种,其中包括1个新属和3个新种,分别:SpinolepidodendronhangzhouenseGen.etsp.nov,SublepidodendronXianshanensesp.nov,Eolepi-dodendronhushanensesp.nov.。认为浙江晚泥盆世植物化应归于以Leptopnloeumrhombicum-Sublepidodendronxi-aoshanense—Xihuphyllummegalofolium为代表的组合。     

青岛文昌鱼体征变化及影响因素探究

根据1981年和2004年胶州湾口青岛文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense Tchang et Koo)采集资料,分析了23年来青岛文昌鱼体质量、体长、生物量和栖息密度的变化,发现1981年文昌鱼个体最大体长为55 mm,平均体长为37.63 mm,而2004年个体最大体长仅42 mm,平均体长只有29.82 mm;1981年各月平均体质量范围为0.06～0.14 g,2004年为0.03～0.04 g;1981年平均栖息密度为753个/m2,2004年为1 220个/m2。采用成对数据平均数比较的假设双尾检验法进行数据统计分析结果也表明,文昌鱼的平均体长和体质量在1981年和2004年均有显著的差异,平均分布密度在显著水平a为0.01时,差异不显著,而在a为0.05时,差异显著;说明2004年采集的青岛文昌鱼个体长度和质量都明显变小而分布密度有所增加;而平均生物量,1981年和2004年没有显著性差异。不同体长个体数比例表明,1981年和2004年文昌鱼种群的年龄组成以及各年龄组的生长情况等方面也不相同。引起这些变化的原因初步分析为底质的改变、栖息地萎缩、饵料丰度和组成改变以及人类活动的干扰。     

Paleoclimatic and archeological implications of Pleistocene and Holocene environments in Azraq, Jordan

Wetlands are a key archive for paleoclimatic and archeological work, particularly in arid regions, as they provide a focus for human occupation and preserve environmental information. The sedimentary record from 'Ayn Qasiyya, a spring site on the edge of the Azraq Qa, provides a well-dated sequence through the last glacial–interglacial transition (LGIT) allowing environmental changes in the present-day Jordanian desert to be investigated robustly through this time period for the first time. Results show that the wettest period at the site preceded the last glacial maximum, which itself was characterised by marsh formation and a significant Early Epipaleolithic occupation. A sedimentary hiatus between 16 and 10.5 ka suggests a period of drought in the region although seasonal rains and surface waters still allowed seasonal occupation of the Azraq region. Archeological evidence suggests that conditions had improved by the Late Epipaleolithic, about the time of the North Atlantic Younger Dryas. The changes between wet and dry conditions at the site show similarities to patterns in the eastern Mediterranean and in Arabia suggesting the Jordan interior was influenced by changes in both these regions through the LGIT climatic transition.     

Assessment of the anthropogenic influx of metallic pollutants in Yarmouk River, Jordan

 Chemical data for 15 elements at depths at 10-cm intervals in 6 cores at two locations along the Yarmouk River as well as the heavy-metal enrichment factors (EFs) and anthropogenic factors (AFs) show that Cd and Ni for all the cores, and Mn, Zn, Cr, Co and Pb for core 3 at location A are anthropogenically enriched. The contents of these elements decrease clearly with depth in the sediment column. The sequence of element enrichment depends on whether the EF and the AF are used to calculate the elements which show no systematic decrease in enrichment with depth in all cores, especially for location A, probably due mainly to a higher sedimentation rate. The results of the present study show that the sediments of the Yarmouk River are uncontaminated with Fe, Cr, and Mn, whereas they are uncontaminated to moderately contaminated with Ni, Co, and Zn, moderately contaminated with Pb, and strongly to extremely contaminated with respect to Cd. Also, the study shows that the EF and AF values are higher than 1, which indicates that all the metals measured in the sediments of the Yarmouk River were enriched by various anthropogenic sources in the catchment area of this river. Heavy metal enrichment reflects the combined effects of agricultural activities, a treatment plant, a landfill site at El-Akader, and small industries in the region. Received: 16 March 2000 · Accepted: 12 August 2000     

An assessment study of heavy metal distribution within soil in upper course of Zarqa River basin/Jordan

Levels of heavy metals are found in soils and waters of the major tributary valleys of the Jordan Valley. Heavy metal content in soils irrigated by treated waste water were measured for a 40 km reach of Zarqa River. Soil samples from eight different sites along the upper course of this river were analyzed to determine the concentration of selected heavy metals (CO, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn). Silt forms the major component of the soils with an average of 54%. Clay fractions show an increase with depth from 17 to 41%. Trends in particle size distribution and metal contents were compared across sample sites. Samples contained moderate to considerable levels of Pb and Ni. Concentrations of Cu and Cr ranged between 33–59 and 65–90 ppm, respectively. These values represent a slight to moderate class of pollution. The concentration of Cr shows a decrease with depth and distance from the waste water plant. Cu, Zn, and Ni show increasing concentrations with depth but Pb and CO do not. The concentrations of the measured heavy metals increases near the waste water treatment plant but decreases with distance from the plant due to precipitation in the stream bed and dilution with stream water. This decline in metal content with distance from the treatment plant suggests that most metals reaching floodplain soils may derive from the same source. Although current metal concentrations are low to moderate, floodplain surface soils in this area should be regarded as a potential source for future heavy metal pollution downstream.     

山东近海牙鲆同工酶的生化遗传分析

１９９６年５月,１９９７年１月、１２月和１９９８年４月在山东青荣成近海采集了１３１尾活牙鲆共７１０个生化样品,采用水平淀粉胶和垂直聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的方法,对牙鲆的２５种同工酶进行了分析。结果检测出ＬＤＨ、ＭＤＨ、ＭＥＰ、ＩＤＨＰ、Ｇ３ＰＤＨ、ＡＫ、ＣＫ、ＡＣＰ、ＰＧＭ、ＳＤＨ、ＡＤＨ、ＣＡＴ、ＳＯＤ、ＧＤＨ和ＧＰＩ等１５处同工酶在牙鲆眼睛、肌肉、心脏、肝脏、胸鳍和肾脏等６种组织或器官听表达情况,     

赫氏黄盖鲽受精卵孵化与仔幼鱼培育初步研究

于１９８６年，用人工受精的卵孵化或经驯养自然产卵、孵化室内饲育的方法，进行了人工培苗试验，结果表明：在繁殖期的４－５月份，捕自海内的亲鱼，经催产或驯养，均可在室内产卵孵化。在室内用硅菏、等鞭金藻、扁藻、贻贝幼体、皱褶臂尾轮虫、齿虫幼体和贝肉组成的饵料系列作饵料；受精卵和幼体在水温９．５－２５℃、盐度２９．２－３１．６‰，ｐＨ７．８８－８．１７，ＤＯ８．７－６０．７ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＮＨ４－Ｎ４４－１１８μ     

氨海水与5-羟色胺对栉孔扇贝解剖卵的体外促熟作用

研究氨海水与5-羟色胺(5-HT)对栉孔扇贝解剖获得卵母细胞的促熟作用。通过体外浸泡的方法处理栉孔扇贝卵母细胞使其成熟,并完成人工受精。结果表明一定浓度的氨海水可显著促使栉孔扇贝卵母细胞生发泡破裂,但经过氨处理的卵母细胞受精率却不高;5-羟色胺不能诱导栉孔扇贝卵母细胞生发泡破裂,但可有效地使已经发生生发泡破裂的卵母细胞进一步成熟。先用氨海水处理然后用5-羟色胺处理可以得到最佳诱导效果,受精率可达(40.02±2.73)%。     

A New Thorny Lacewing (Insecta: Neuroptera: Rhachiberothidae) from the Early Cretaceous Amber of Lebanon

<正>A new genus and species of Rhachiberothidae,Raptorapax terribilissima gen.et sp.nov.from the Cretaceous amber of Lebanon is described.The new genus is assigned to the subfamily Paraberothinae.The new material confirms the great diversity of the group in the Cretaceous age and its decrease in diversity in recent times.