乳山湾的污染与异养微生物的调查分析

于1985年5—10月定期采取了乳山湾内和岸边养虾池的水样及底泥进行了异养微生物的分析。菌数的平均值池内高于湾内,其最高值和水中COD的最高值同时出现在养虾旺季的8月份。在湾泥和池泥中的硫酸盐还原菌数均高达10~6个/克以上,与同期内硫化物的最高含量(326mgS/kg)相一致。并发现病原性弧菌也广泛存生。异养菌种群的组成,假单胞杆菌占有最大的比值,反映出该水域为污染类型。上述结果表明该湾的水质条件已远超出国家渔业水质标准,呈现高度的有机物污染状态,其污染源与湾边周围开展大面积的养虾有关。     

加拿大海盆与楚科奇海沉积物岩芯中好气异养细菌的分布

本文用MPN法测定了两种培养温度下加拿大海盆与楚科奇海10根沉积物岩芯中182份样品的好气异养细菌(GAB)的检出率和含量。结果发现沉积物中GAB检出率高,GAB平均值为4.46×107个·g-1(4℃)和5.47×107个·g-1(25℃)。最高GAB含量出现于20-22cm层,GAB含量在沉积物各层位间波动,总体上呈现中下层沉积物GAB含量低于表层之势。25℃培养时能提高GAB检出率和含量。温度的提高将可能改变测区沉积物GAB的生存环境和生存状况。纬度区间的差异似显出测区中部GAB检出率和含量高于高、低纬度区间之状(4℃培养明显于25℃)。浅水区沉积物中的GAB含量较低,而水越深则GAB含量似越高,以25℃为明显。     

滨海人工林土壤呼吸各组分对台风强降雨的响应

根据预测,随着全球变暖,极端降水将更加频繁和剧烈,可能对土壤呼吸及其组分产生重大影响。然而目前对极端降雨如何影响土壤呼吸各组分的认识仍是缺乏的。因此选取亚热带滨海湿地松和尾巨桉人工林土壤为研究对象,于2015年8月在设置去除根系和对照处理一年后,应用Li-8100土壤CO_2通量测定系统,对2次台风强降雨前后的土壤呼吸速率和环境因子进行原位监测,分析2次台风前后土壤呼吸各组分对强降雨的响应规律。结果表明:(1)2次台风强降雨显著改善了土壤的水分状况,促进了土壤呼吸各组分。2种人工林土壤总呼吸、异养呼吸均呈现出快速上升、后逐渐下降的趋势,而土壤自养呼吸的上升不明显。土壤总呼吸与异养呼吸的峰值与土壤湿度的峰值同步,而自养呼吸峰值要滞后1天。(2)第一次降雨,湿地松和尾巨桉土壤异养呼吸对总呼吸的贡献率分别是自养呼吸的5.15和6.28倍。相比于土壤自养呼吸(R_a),异养呼吸增加的幅度更大且响应更快。(3)第一次降雨湿地松土壤总呼吸、异养呼吸及尾巨桉土壤异养呼吸与土壤湿度的二次曲线关系存在拐点,而第二次降雨促进了2种人工林土壤异养呼吸、总呼吸速率。2次台风强降雨湿地松和尾巨桉人工林的土壤自养呼吸均和土壤湿度无显著相关性(P>0.05)。综上,研究结果强调了极端降水对土壤呼吸及其组分的显著影响,应该将其纳入模型中,以提高对碳-气候反馈的预测。     

Survey of larval Euphausia superba lipid content along the western Antarctic Peninsula during late autumn 2006

A survey of larval Euphausia superba (furcilia stages four and six) was conducted in waters along the western Antarctic Peninsula during late autumn (May and June 2006). Larvae were collected from stations in four regions to estimate dry weight and lipid content. There were no statistically significant differences in the dry weight or lipid content among the regions sampled. The overall average (±S.D.) dry weight was 1.51 ± 0.32 mg indiv.⁻¹ and 0.85 ± 0.12 mg indiv.⁻¹ for F6 and F4 larvae, respectively. The average (±S.D.) lipid content was 21.6 ± 9.6 %DW and 27.9 ± 13.7 %DW for F6 and F4 larvae, respectively.     

湛江港南三岛近岸海区异养细菌数量变动与潮汐周期关系研究

研究了南三岛近岸海区异养细菌数量变动与潮汐周期的关系。结果表明：在２４ｈ内异养细菌的数量随着潮位的上升而减少或随着潮位的下降而增加，高平潮时数量最低，低平潮时数量最高。比较一个月内各个高平潮异养细菌的数量，发现异养菌数量在小潮期向大潮期转变的过程中达到顶峰，并在大潮期急剧下降至最低值，接着从大潮期至小潮期，异养细菌数量缓慢回升，直至小潮期后才快速地上升。在水平分布中，异养细菌的数量在潮间带最大，其次是离低潮线１００ｍ的海区，离低潮线３００ｍ的海区最小。在垂直分布中．异养细菌数量以表层水最高，中层水次之，底层水最低。     

Seasonal changes of microbial populations in the sediments of the basins of Lugano and Agno

This research was carried out with the aim to explore the heterotrophic microbial population of two sediments in different oxic conditions of the Lake of Lugano (Lago di Lugano). The values of the viable bacterial counts found in our sediment samples were typical for an eutrophic lake.The increase in the proportion of anaerobic to aerobic bacteria at 30 °C observed in the sediment samples of Agno may reflect the depletion of oxygen concentrations in the water column.The generaAeromonas, Pseudomonas, Bacillus andClostridium, as well as strains belonging to the Coryneform-group, represented the major taxonomic groups of heterotrophic bacterial communities in the water-sediment interface.     

黄海春季水华过程中微微型浮游生物的变化特点

于2007年3—4月在黄海中部海域采用流式细胞术研究了春季水华过程中聚球藻、微微型真核浮游生物和异养细菌的生物量变化。聚球藻和微微真核型浮游生物的生物量与叶绿素a浓度变化基本呈现相反的趋势,在水华前期较高,水华期迅速下降,直至水华后期又有所升高。异养细菌在整个水华过程中变化较小,生物量在水华期最高,与水柱叶绿素a浓度呈极显著正相关(r=0.319,p<0.01)。水华期这三类微微型浮游生物对浮游植物总碳生物量的贡献很低。纤毛虫和鞭毛虫捕食可能是导致聚球藻和微微型真核浮游生物在水华期生物量降低的主要原因。     

Influence of nitrate and dissolved organic carbon loading on the interaction of Microcystis aeruginosa and heterotrophic bacteria from hyper-eutrophic lake (Taihu Lake,China)

To investigate the interaction between cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria under gradients of glucose and nitrate, a cyanobacterial strain of Microcystis aeruginosa was grown in microcosms with and without a freshwater bacterial mixture, which was collected from Lake Taihu. Concentrations of glucose (1350, 975, 600, 300, 150, and 37.5 μmol C L⁻¹) and nitrate (150, 300, and 9000 μmol N L⁻¹) were used in a range of combinations giving 9 different treatments of glucose:nitrate. In the microcosm without the bacterial mixture, M. aeruginosa abundance gradually increased with days in all treatments. However, M. aeruginosa had much lower density in some treatments with the bacterial mixture. The difference in M. aeruginosa growth could be explained by competition with bacteria in the cultures in which these were added. The abundance of M. aeruginosa and bacteria when grown together was nearly equal and the number of the bacterial species was highest in the treatment with 300 μmol C L⁻¹ and 150 μmol N L⁻¹. Our results suggest that at this glucose:nitrate ratio M. aeruginosa and the bacterial mixture maintain a balance, and bacteria maintain diversity. In conclusion, we propose that dissolved organic carbon and nitrate availability fundamentally affects the structure as well as stoichiometry of pelagic associations.