危险化学品运输车辆监控系统的设计与实现

通过分析目前各级职能管理部门和危险化学品运输企业应用需求,以及危险化学品运输安全监控环节中存在的问题,借鉴国外先进经验,构建基于卫星导航定位技术和地理信息系统（GIS）的危险化学品运输车辆监控系统。设计了系统的层次结构,描述了系统的主要功能。提出了建立信息公共交换平台的关键技术,并对其进行了详细阐述。给出了系统运行时的界面效果。     

Tectonic evolution of the Huangling dome and its control effect on shale gas preservation in the north margin of the Yangtze Block,South China

Significant breakthroughs of shale gas exploration have been made in Lower Cambrian and Sinian shale in the north margin of the Yangtze Block, South China. The drill wells with industrial gas flow located in the southern margin of the Huangling dome. Base on the geological survey, 2D seismic, geochronological and drill wells data, the tectonic evolution history of Huangling dome was studied, and its control effect on the preservation condition of shale gas was discussed. The result shows that the Huangling dome might undergo four tectonic stages: (1) About 800 Ma, granite intrusion in the Huangling dome basement, primarily of granites replaced metamorphism rocks; (2) 800–200 Ma, no significant tectonic movement with slowly buried history; (3) From 200 Ma, multi-phase uplift and the sedimentary rocks was eroded in the core of the Huangling dome. Shale gas in the Cambrian and Sinian strata was well preserved in the margin of the Huangling dome as the following reasons: (1) The Sinian shale was buried about 7.8 km in-depth during Middle Jurassic, source rocks have a suitable thermal maturity for shale gas; (2) The rigid basement of the Huangling dome was mainly composed by homogeneity granite, without intensive deformation. As the main challenges of the widely distributed Lower Cambrian and Sinian shale are high-maturity and intensive deformation, a geological unit with a dome probably is a favorable zone for the old age shale gas. Therefore, it indicates that the adjacent zone of the Xuefengshan, Shennongjia and Hannan are the geological units with a dome and probably have potentials for the exploration of shale in the Lower Cambrian and Sinian.     

海平面对大气压变化的空间响应

海平面对大气压变化的响应在理想情况下接近均衡态海洋响应.在这个假设下,任何海域的大气压变化都会瞬时传播到整个海洋上.通过比较大气压和海平面变化的标准差,可以发现,在空间尺度上,大气压变化主要是长波信号,而海平面变化除了长波信号外,还存在明显的短波长信号.由大气压变化驱动的海平面变化应与大气压变化在空间尺度上具有一致性.因此,可以对海平面数据进行空间高斯低通滤波,来得到与大气压变化更相近的空间标准差分布.通过阶振幅谱分析,表明海平面对大气压变化响应的空间尺度为800 km.     

河谷深厚覆盖层工程地质特性及其评价方法

河谷深厚覆盖层广泛分布于我国大江大河中，其研究对加我国水利水电工程建设具有重大。意义。文中以川西河流为例，论述河谷深厚覆盖层的基本特征及工程地质特性，并重点论述河谷深厚覆盖层的承载力、变形 、强度参数及渗透特性的评价方法。     

基于灰色关联度的暴雨事件灾害评估和预评估方法

该文统计了安顺市1986—2009年的暴雨站点资料及其对应的灾害资料,通过对历史气象资料和灾情数据库的综合分析,建立了暴雨灾情数据库。采用灰色关联度方法建立了暴雨灾害的评估方法,建立了划分标准,将暴雨灾害灾情划分为5个等级,经与实际灾情比较表明划分结果合理可用。研究了暴雨引发的灾害与气象因子的关系,建立了基于数值预报释用的暴雨预评估模型,在以上研究基础上建立了安顾暴雨灾害评估和预评估系统,已投入业务使用。     

气候变化对海南岛旅游气候舒适度及客流量可能影响的分析

选取温度、湿度、日照、降水、风速等相关的气象要素,建立表征海南岛旅游气候的舒适度的旅游气候指数计算模型,利用1981—2010年海南岛气候数据和RCP4.5情景下的预估数据,分析1981—2010年、2011—2040年、2041—2070年海南岛旅游气候指数的空间分布规律。结果表明:表征海南岛旅游气候舒适度的旅游气候指数在不同月份发生明显变化;2011—2040年、2041—2070年海南岛旅游气候指数在温度和降水增加的情况下,与1981—2010年平均水平相比,1月适合旅游活动的舒适水平提高,TCI指数大于70的分布范围增加;在4、7、10月,适合旅游活动的舒适水平降低,TCI指数小于59的分布范围增加。同时选取吸引指数和旅游气候指数,选择海南岛5个旅游客流量较大的海口、三亚、万宁、儋州、五指山,建立海南岛气候-旅游流模型;利用RCP4.5预估数据,在假定旅游吸引指数不改变的情况下,以海南岛的热点城市海口、三亚为例,分析了气候变化情景下旅游气候指数的变化对各月客流量的影响情况,结果表明:随着旅游气候指数的减小将导致该月接待过夜游客数量呈下降趋势。     

表征海相烃源岩有机质成熟度的若干重要指标的对比与研究

对目前表征海相烃源岩有机质成熟度的几个重要指标（镜质体反射率,沥青反射率,镜状体反射率、动物有机碎屑反射率及牙形刺色变指数等）进行了探讨与对比,并在总结它们各自优缺点的基础上,提出了选择海相烃源岩有机质成熟度评价指标的原则,进而提出牙形刺相对荧光强度（Ｉ５４６）是表征海相烃源岩有机质成熟度的良好指标,其具有较广泛的适用性。     

海上消防系统风险分析探讨

平台消防系统可靠与否直接影响到平台及平台操作人员的安全。文章在采用故障树方法对平台消防系统发生失效的路径及可能性进行分析。针对有些事件的发生频率极小但危险性极大的问题,引入危险度的概念,对可靠性进行量化,即计算产生概率,同时提出了计算模糊事件概率期望值的方法。为有效评估油气生产系统的安全性,以及建立起稳定可靠的功能服务系统提供了理论依据。     

Surface morphology of soil cracks in Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley Region, Southwest China

Surface morphology of soil cracks is one of the important factors influencing the water evaporation rate in cracked soil in Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley Region, Southwest China. Quantitative study of the complicated surface morphology of soil cracks is a prerequisite for further studies of soil-cracking mechanisms. The present paper establishes a quantitative indicator system by application of concepts and methods originating from Fractal Geometry and Network Analysis. These indicators can effectively express the complicated features of soilcrack network structure. Furthermore, a series of values related to soil-crack morphology was obtained by image processing on field photos of soil-crack quads, and gradation criteria for the degree of development of soil cracks were determined. Finally, the changes in values of the morphological indicators under different degrees of development were analyzed in detail. Our results indicate that （1） the degree of development of soil cracks can be divided into five grades, i.e., feeble development, slight development, medium development, intensive development and extremely intensive development; （2） the values of the indicators change predictably with increasing degree of development of soil cracks. The area density （Dc） increases, and both the area-weighted mean ratio of crack area to perimeter （AWMARP）, which reflects the intensity of cracking, and the index r, which is related to the connectivity of a soil crack, grow uniformly （albeit with different forms）. AWMRAP increases at a geometric rate while r shows logarithmmic growth, indicating a gradual increase in the connectivity of a soil crack. Nevertheless, the areaweighted mean of soil-crack fractal dimension （AWMFRAC） shows a decreasing trend, indicating a gradual decline in the complexity of cracks as area density increases.