鲍养成阶段养殖环境中的浮游纤毛虫

在使用表层海水作养殖水的杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolor)养成池,整个养成阶段共检测到浮游纤毛虫33种,其中寡毛目(Oligotrichida)的种类最多,为14种。在一个使用沙井水作养殖水的杂色鲍养成池周年研究中,共观察到浮游纤毛虫24种。2类养成池的纤毛虫优势种都是尾丝虫(Uronema sp．)、钟虫(Vorticella sp．)和具沟急游虫(Strombidium sulcatum)。虽然后者养殖用水为沙井水,但养殖密度较大,水体交换量稍低,养殖水体中有机质含量高,嗜污性纤毛虫得以大量繁殖,其密度较前者高一倍。在养殖用水取水海区——红海湾近岸表层海水中,共检测到浮游纤毛虫27种,其中砂壳亚目(Tintinnina)纤毛虫16种。受水环境中二氧化碳浓度变化影响,养成池与取水海区砂壳虫的种类组成和密度有较大区别。     

一个皱纹盘鲍人工群体内个体大小遗传变异的RAPD分析

从以日本野生皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannui Ino)为亲本进行群体繁殖所得人工群体的子1代中分别选择大(BI)、中(ME)、小(SM)等3个子群体各20个个体，进行RAPD分析。用11条随机引物及7个双引物组合共扩增出153条DNA片段，其中总群体多态性片段数为110条，多态性片段的比例为72．37％。根据扩增片段的共享度用TFPGA软件进行计算，结果表明：(1)SM与ME的遗传距离较近，而与BI的遗传距离相差较大；(2)子群体间遗传分化系数为7．64％，表明各个子群体间在遗传上存在一定的差异，对子群体进行选择将有一定的意义；(3)各子群体表现出了丰富的遗传变异，子群体BI、ME、SM的遗传多样性分别为0．2063、0．2358和0．2363，表明BI子群体具有相对较高的纯合度，在选择育种中有较高价值。     

金属离子和pH值对九孔鲍几种消化酶活力的影响

研究了金属离子对九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor supertepla)褐藻酸酶、琼脂酶及纤维素酶活力的影响。结果表明，3种酶的最适pH不同。分别为褐藻酸酶8．8、琼脂酶4．2、纤维素酶4．5-5．0。MgSO4为褐藻酸酶的激活剂、BaCl2为琼脂酶的激活剂、MnCl2是纤维素酶的激活剂。     

皱纹盘鲍三元杂交苗种制备与养成

以皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai Ino)中国群体与日本群体的杂交(WJ)子1代为母本,在汕头养殖并选育了3代的“S”群体为父本,建立三元杂交组合(WJ-S)并尝试了海区围堰全生态模式养殖。以同期繁育的皱纹盘鲍中国群体与日本群体的杂交子1代(WJ-F1)为对照,比较 WJ-S 与对照组在生长速度和存活率等方面的差异。结果表明,在苗种和养成阶段, WJ-S 的度夏存活率均显著高于同期对照;从围口壳幼体到养成阶段, WJ-S组的平均壳长大于同期对照,养成阶段WJ-S组的全湿重显著高于对照,表明皱纹盘鲍三元杂交子代的生长速度显著高于对照;从苗种到养成阶段的3次分选数据表明, WJ-S的大规格子代比例均高于对照,小规格苗种比率则低于对照,表明三元杂交鲍苗种的生长速度优于对照;在青岛崂山海区全生态养殖18个月,三元杂交组已达商品规格。上述结果表明,在二元杂交的基础上加入第三方亲本 S 制备的三元杂交皱纹盘鲍,在生长速度、夏季高水温期的存活率等方面都较皱纹盘鲍“中-日”杂交子代显著提高。     

几种环境因子对皱纹盘鲍的胁迫作用及其阈值

针对福建等海域养殖皱纹盘鲍度夏死亡率高的现象,试验研究了不同盐度、温度和溶解氧条件,对皱纹盘鲍幼鲍和1龄鲍死亡率的影响,并根据试验结果设定了皱纹盘鲍海上养殖盐度、温度和溶解氧预警阈值。结果表明:低盐胁迫对皱纹盘鲍的死亡率影响显著,在水温24～27℃时,盐度20是幼鲍和1龄鲍试验组和对照组死亡率有显著差异的临界点,盐度预警阈值为22;高温胁迫对皱纹盘鲍的死亡率影响显著,温度28℃是幼鲍和1龄鲍试验组和对照组死亡率有显著差异的临界点,温度预警阈值为27℃;皱纹盘鲍有较强的耐低氧能力,在水温26℃,盐度为30,溶解氧低于2.0mg/L时,开始大量死亡,溶解氧预警阈值为3.5mg/L;高温胁迫和低盐胁迫对皱纹盘鲍的死亡率有显著的交互作用,温度升高,低盐耐受能力下降。     

Effects of dietary carbohydrates sources on lipids compositions in abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary carbohydrates on triglyceride, cholesterol and fatty acid concentrations in abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Six semi-purified diets with different carbohydrates (dextrin, heat-treated wheat starch, wheat starch, corn starch, tapioca starch and potato starch, respectively), all containing a carbohydrate level of 33.5%, were fed to abalone (initial shell length: 29.98 mm ± 0.09 mm; initial weight: 3.42 g ± 0.02 g) for 24 weeks in a recirculation system. The results indicate that serum triglyceride concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the abalone fed with dextrin, heat-treated wheat starch and wheat starch than those fed with corn starch, and serum cholesterol concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the abalone fed with dextrin, heat-treated wheat starch than those fed with corn starch. Fatty acid C20:4n-6 in the foot muscles were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the abalone fed with dextrin than those fed with wheat starch, corn starch, tapioca starch and potato starch. Fatty acid C20:4n-6 in hepatopancreas was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in abalone fed with heat-treated wheat starch than those fed with corn starch, tapioca starch and potato starch. Fatty acid C22:6n-3 in the foot muscles were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the abalone fed with dextrin and heat-treated wheat starch than those fed with wheat starch and potato starch.     

Effects of Dietary Carbohydrates Sources on Lipids Compositions in Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary carbohydrates on triglyceride, cholesterol and fatty acid concentrations in abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Six semi-purified diets with different carbohydrates (dextrin, heat-treated wheat starch, wheat starch, corn starch, tapioca starch and potato starch, respectively), all containing a carbohydrate level of 33.5%, were fed to abalone (initial shell length: 29.98 mm±0.09 mm; initial weight. 3.42 g±0.02 g) for 24 weeks in a recirculation system. The results indicate that serum triglyceride concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the abalone fed with dextrin, heat-treated wheat starch and wheat starch than those fed with corn starch, and serum cholesterol concentrations were significantly (P<0.05)higher in the abalone fed with dextrin, heat-treated wheat starch than those fed with corn starch. Fatty acid C20:4n-6 in the foot muscles were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the abalone fed with dextrin than those fed with wheat starch, corn starch, tapioca starch and potato starch. Fatty acid C20:4n-6 in hepatopancreas was significantly (P<0.05) lower in abalone fed with heat-treated wheat starch than those fed with corn starch, tapioca starch and potato starch. Fatty acid C22:6n-3 in the foot muscles were significantly (P< 0.05) lower in the abalone fed with dextrin and heat-treated wheat starch than those fed with wheat starch and potato starch.     

黑足鲍COⅠ基因序列在遗传分析中的初步研究

对引自新西兰的黑足鲍(Haliotis iris)的线粒体DNA 13个蛋白基因之一细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(COⅠ)基因进行了特异性扩增和测序,并分析了524 bp的碱基序列。结果显示,在37个野生个体的基因序列中检测到3个变异位点,定义了3个单倍型,个体间序列差异很小。单倍型多样性(Hd)和核苷酸多样性(Pi)分别为0.249和0.000 79,遗传多样性水平很低。在以贻贝(Mytilus edulis)为外群构建的系统发育树上,黑足鲍处于相对适中的位置。本次研究以期为了解黑足鲍的遗传学背景提供科学依据,同时为鲍COⅠ基因的研究提供资料。     

皱纹盘鲍表型性状与肌肉重的相关与通径分析

选取日本岩手县×中国大连獐子岛的一个杂交家系,随机测定132尾三年龄皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai Ino)的壳长(x1)、壳宽(x2)、总重(x3)、壳重(x4)、软体部重(x5)及肌肉重(y)6个指标,计算各性状间的相关系数,采用通径分析方法计算以表型性状为自变量,肌肉重为依变量的通径系数、决定系数,对各性状的影响大小进行剖分,明确影响皱纹盘鲍肌肉重的主要表型性状,为皱纹盘鲍选育提供理论依据和理想的测度指标。结果表明:所测各表型性状与肌肉重之间的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P0.01);软体部重对肌肉重的直接影响最大(为0.512),其次为总重,对肌肉重的直接影响为0.484,二者差异不显著(P0.05),其他性状对肌肉重的直接影响均不大。剔除通径系数检验不显著的自变量,利用逐步回归的方法,建立以肌肉重为依变量的最优多元线性回归方程为:y=-0.381+0.239x3+0.342x5,其调整决定系数为0.989,表明所选性状是影响肌肉重的主要性状。     

基于皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)EST数据库的串联重复序列特征分析

皱纹盘鲍大规模EST的分析研究较少,为了研究其基因组转录本的基本特征并为皱纹盘鲍中开发EST-SSR功能性标记奠定基础,我们利用生物信息学手段对NCBI公共数据库中的5784条皱纹盘鲍EST序列进行EST-SSR特征分析。分析结果表明:(1)皱纹盘鲍EST中串联重复序列类型丰富;(2)皱纹盘鲍EST Gene Ontology注释序列SSR类型单一;(3)皱纹盘鲍EST-SSR分布广泛富,是EST-SSR标记开发的优良资源。