Sequences Characterization of Microsatellite DNA Sequences in Pacific Abalone (Haliotis discus hannat)

The microsatellite-enriched library was constructed using magnetic bead hybridization selection method, and the microsatellite DNA sequences were analyzed in Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Three hundred and fifty white colonies were screened using PCR-based technique, and 84 clones were identified to potentially contain microsatellite repeat motif. The 84 clones were sequenced, and 42 microsatellites and 4 minisatellites with a minimum of five repeats were found (13.1% of white colonies screened). Besides the motif of CA contained in the oligoprobe, we also found other 16 types of microsatellite repeats including a dinucleotide repeat, two tetranucleotide repeats, twelve pentanucleotide repeats and a hexanucleotide repeat. According to Weber(1990), the microsatellite sequences obtained could be categorized structurally into perfect repeats (73.3%), imperfect repeats(13.3%), and compound repeats (13.4%). Among the microsatellite repeats, relatively short arrays (＜ 20 repeats) were most abundant,accounting for 75.0%. The largest length of microsatellites was 48 repeats, and the average number of repeats was 13.4. The data on the composition and length distribution of microsatellites obtained in the present study can be useful for choosing the repeat motifs for microsatetlite isolation in other abalone species.     

福建沿海米氏凯伦藻赤潮对皱纹盘鲍鳃组织抗氧化酶活性的影响研究

本文初步研究了在较低赤潮密度(低于107个/m L)下,一株米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)对皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)鳃内几种抗氧化酶,如超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)的毒性效应,以期分析米氏凯伦藻对鲍鱼生命活动可能的胁迫方式。研究表明,米氏凯伦藻对SOD、CAT酶活性均造成不利影响,并未对GSH-Px酶造成不利影响,其酶活性显著高于对照组。米氏凯伦藻对SOD酶活性的影响表现为"先诱导后抑制"效应,24 h内,各处理组(0.1个/m L,0.5个/m L,1.0×104个/m L)中,酶活性急剧增高,分别是对照组的1.2,1.3,1.3倍,之后酶活性迅速下降,分别是对照组的77%,77%,73%。SOD能够清除机体体内多余的自由基,其活力变化反映了机体抵制自由基损伤能力已受到明显抑制。此外,米氏凯伦藻处理组中,CAT酶活性则处于"被抑制"状态,48 h内酶活性持续下降,分别降低至对照组的58%,51%,37%。CAT可以清除SOD歧化超氧阴离子自由基产生的H2O2,其活力的下降也可能造成机体内过氧化物的累积及氧化损伤。结果表明,即使未达到较高赤潮密度(不超过107个/m L)时,米氏凯伦藻短时间内仍可对鲍鱼鳃内关键抗氧化酶活性造成显著抑制效应,这极有可能导致鲍鱼机体抗氧化系统遭受严重损伤。     

A spatial- and age-structured assessment model to estimate the impact of illegal fishing and ecosystem change on the South African abalone Haliotis midae resource

The management of abalone stocks worldwide is complicated by factors such as illegal fishing combined with the difficulties of assessing a sedentary (but not immobile) resource that is often patchily distributed. The South African abalone Haliotis midae fishery is faced with an additional problem in the form of a relatively recent movement of rock lobsters Jasus lalandii into much of the range of the abalone. The lobsters have heavily reduced sea urchin Parechinus angulosus populations, thereby indirectly negatively impacting juvenile abalone which rely on the urchins for shelter. A model is developed for abalone that is an extension of more standard age-structured assessment models because it explicitly takes spatial effects into account, incorporates the ecosystem change effect described above and estimates the magnitude of substantial illegal (‘poached’) catches. The model is simultaneously fitted to catch per unit effort and Fishery-Independent Abalone Survey abundance data, as well as to several years of catch-at-age (cohort-sliced from catch-at-size) data for the various components of the fishery and different spatial strata. It constitutes the first quantitative approach applied to the management of this commercially valuable resource in South Africa and has provided a basis for management advice over recent years by projecting abundance trends under alternative future catch levels.     

Population dynamics and fishery management of the paua,Haliotis iris

A population model is developed and used in conjunction with the results of a study of an unexploited population of paua (Haliotis iris Martyn) to examine the historical pattern of recruitment and yield per recruit. As H. iris cannot yet be aged, the population model uses size rather than age classes, but is structurally similar to the Leslie matrix model. Simulations suggest that the observed population size structure resulted from a short (about 5 year) period of high recruitment, preceded and followed by longer periods of low recruitment. Yield per recruit analysis shows that the present minimum legal size for the fishery (127 mm) provides close to the maximum yield per recruit for most stocks, although yield per recruit could be increased in some areas by a reduction in minimum legal size.     

几种海藻投喂皱纹盘鲍幼鲍效果的因子分析

用多元统计学中的因子分析法，分析２０种海藻喂养皱纹盘鲍（ＨａｌｉｏｔｉｓｄｉｓｃｕｓｈａｎｎａＩｎｏ）幼鲍所得的生长数据，所得的因子载荷矩阵中的第１个因子的方差贡献率达６１．７１％，饵料干重、湿重与幼鲍体长、体重增长均呈正相关，干重与幼的生长的关系（０．９４１２）较之湿重（０．７６３３）更为密切；根据正交因子得分的高低，排列出幼的摄食几种海藻时的饵料效率高低的顺序为：裙带菜→爱森藻→刺松→孔石莼→育叶藻→蜈蚣藻→…；与试验和调查结果对照，幼鲍喜欢摄食的藻类，也是饵料效率较高的种类；灰分对幼鲍的生长无明显的促进作用；幼鲍的生长不需要多量的粗脂肪。     

INDUCTION OF LARVAL SETTLEMENT AND METAMORPHOSIS OF HALIOTIS DISCUS HANNAI INO(GASTROPODA,MOLLUSCA)

Conspecific foot mucus,excessive[K~+] and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) showed different metamorphosis-inductive effect on the veliger of Haliotis discus hannai.The inductive effect of excessive [K~+]and GABA was developmental stage-dependent and dose-dependent,while that of conspecific foot mu-cus was only developmental stage-dependent.At 20℃ the veliger larvae became competent within 4 daysafter fertilization H.discus hannai larvae showed gregarious settlement pattern on the conspecific foot mu-ous under the conditions of either presence or absence of KCI or GABA.The present studies showed that the effect of conspecific foot mucus on abalone larvae metarnorphosis could be dose-independent.     

皱纹盘鲍经诱导后血淋巴中一些因子变化的研究

于１９９５年１１月在山东荣城大鱼岛鲍养养殖厂采集皱纹盘鲍，以大肠杆菌，弧菌为诱导物，将鲍分为三组分别进行注射，在注射后的５，１８，３２，５０ｈ分别取鲍血淋巴，测定其抗菌，溶菌，酚氧化酶和超氧化物歧化酶活力，并研究注射组各项活力的变化规律。实验结果表明，适当的刺激可增加皱纹盘鲍的抗病能力。     

皱纹盘鲍基因型与环境互作的初步研究

以11个皱纹盘鲍（Haliotis discus hannai Ino）家系为材料分别在12，16和20℃养殖40d，方差分析的结果表明温度和家系的相互作用对壳长增长率存在显著影响（P〈0．05）。采用线性回归模式对皱纹盘鲍基因型与环境温度互作数据进行分析，得出了不同基因型的壳长增长率对环境温度的响应模式和对环境温度的灵敏度程度上所表现的序关系。     

Effects of dietary vitamin A on antioxidant responses of abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino

1 IntroductionHighly reactive oxygen species (ROS) such assuperoxide anion radical (O2-), hydroxyl radical(HO·), singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydrogen perox-ide (H2O2) are continuously produced in the courseof normal aerobic cellular metabolism. It is widely…     

多元PCR在黑鲍(Haliotis rubra)微卫星遗传研究中的应用

根据D03等11个微卫星引物单位点PCR扩增时优化的扩增条件(退火温度、MgCl2等)和11个微卫星引物所带有的荧光颜色、等位基因大小变异范围及反应的灵敏度，可将11个微卫星引物分成A组(D03、G04、B04和H08)、B组(A09、H11、A08和G01)和C组(CmrHrl．24、CmrHr2．30和CmrHr2．23)进行多元PCR扩增，结果显示各组内位点之间的分离清晰，这表明多元PCR可以大大提高微卫星检测仪器的使用效率和提高实验效果，在微卫星研究中是一种快速便捷的方法。