Genetic variation of Chinese and Japanese wild Pacific abalone(Haliotis discus hannai) measured by microsatellite DNA markers

1Introduction ThePacificabaloneHaliotisdiscushannaiisan importantspeciesinthecoastalfisheriesofnorthern China,andisofhighcommercialvalue.Thepro ductionofcultureseedsfortheabalonebeganin Chinaintheearly1980s.Duringthelasttwodec ades,productionofabalonehasi…     

九孔鲍肠道及其养殖水体中异养细菌产酶能力的分析

2002年5月从汕尾健生鲍鱼场养殖水体和成鲍肠道中分离筛选到26株异养细菌,其中11株来自成鲍肠道,15株来自养殖水体。对它们产胞外酶的能力进行了比较分析。结果表明肠道异养细菌中有72.7%能分泌蛋白酶、淀粉酶或明胶酶,9.1%分泌脂肪酶,45.5%分泌卵磷脂酶;水体异养细菌中则有46.7%能分泌蛋白酶或脂肪酶,66.7%分泌卵磷脂酶、淀粉酶或明胶酶。比较发现,肠道中脂肪酶或卵磷脂酶生产菌的比例小于水体异养细菌的比例;而蛋白酶、淀粉酶或明胶酶生产菌的比例却高于水体中异养细菌的比例。另外,水体异养细菌分泌多种胞外酶的能力强于肠道异养细菌。由此揭示现有鲍鱼肠道菌群结构的不完善,进而为通过添加有益菌而提高鲍鱼饲料利用率提供了可能。     

Effects of dietary vitamin A on antioxidant responses of abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino

1 IntroductionHighly reactive oxygen species (ROS) such assuperoxide anion radical (O2-), hydroxyl radical(HO·), singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydrogen perox-ide (H2O2) are continuously produced in the courseof normal aerobic cellular metabolism. It is widely…     

皱纹盘鲍胚后消化系统发育的研究

以组织学、组织化学和透射电镜观察等方法研究了皱纹盘鲍自孵化后的担轮幼虫至1a龄幼鲍10个时期消化系统的胚后发育.食道于面盘幼虫早期出现;自围口壳幼虫食道中段的上皮细胞开始分泌蛋白酶;在上足分化幼体食道侧囊形成;在稚鲍,食道侧囊上皮分化成微绒毛细胞、分泌细胞和纤毛细胞.嗉囊直至稚鲍期才形成;在1a龄幼鲍,嗉囊腔大于胃腔.胃出现于面盘幼虫早期;到匍匐幼虫,胃腔出现单细胞藻.肠出现于面盘幼虫早期;在上足分化幼虫,肠上皮分化为纤毛细胞和微绒毛细胞两种细胞;在稚鲍肠上皮分化成纤毛细胞、微绒毛细胞、Ⅰ型腺细胞、Ⅱ型腺细胞和黏液细胞共5种细胞,肠沟出现.唾液腺形成于上足分化幼虫期.消化腺于面盘幼虫早期出现,自面盘幼虫中期开始分化成嗜碱性细胞和消化细胞.嗜碱性细胞的细胞质由嗜酸性逐渐转变为嗜碱性;至上足分化幼虫,细胞内出现含铁的折光小体.消化细胞自匍匐幼虫摄食起就出现内吞作用,细胞内含大量囊泡.研究表明,发育到稚鲍时,消化系统诸器官的结构和功能已基本接近成鲍.     

中国皱纹盘鲍壳体矿物组成

利用X射线衍射物相分析方法，对不同生长阶段的中国皱纹盘鲍壳体矿物组成进行了分析，结果表明，中国皱纹盘鲍壳体矿物成分包括文石、方解石、白云石3种，文石属于主要成分，另两者属于次要组分；从皱纹盘鲍生长的幼体到成体，壳体的矿物组成中文石所占的比例逐渐降低，方解石的比例逐渐增加，而白云石含量基本保持恒定。     

氯霉素暴露对杂色鲍免疫活性的影响

杂色鲍的免疫机能主要是由血细胞以吞噬的方式来完成．本研究将杂色鲍分别暴露在1、2、5Ixg／cm3不同含量氯霉素的水体中60d（每天暴露4h）,检测其主要免疫指标的变化．实验结果表明,经氯霉素暴露实验后,杂色鲍的主要免疫指标出现了下降．对照组与各药物含量组（1、2、5μg／cm3）中杂色鲍血细胞对溶藻弧菌的吞噬率分别为89．83％±3．66％、75．33％±4．89％、68．67％±5．05％和37．00％±9．21％;其吞噬指数分别为3．84±0．27、2．54±0．35、2．12±0．47和1．18±0．32;其血细胞密度分别为（2．72±0．33）×10’、（1．87±0．09）×10^7、（1．46±0．17）x10^7、（1．03±0．14）×10^7个／cmA^3．对照组与各药物含量组在水温3l℃高温胁迫下杂色鲍半致死时间（,Jk）分别为10、8、6、4h．各实验组的壳长、体重生长率、成活率与对照组比较,高含量组均显著小于对照组．含量为lμg／cm^3和2μg／cm^3的氯霉素暴露对杂色鲍的生长有轻微的促进作用．各实验组酸性磷酸酶（ACP）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的酶活指标变化与氯霉素的暴露含量无明显相关性．     

Sequences Characterization of Microsatellite DNA Sequences in Pacific Abalone (Haliotis discus hannat)

The microsatellite-enriched library was constructed using magnetic bead hybridization selection method, and the microsatellite DNA sequences were analyzed in Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Three hundred and fifty white colonies were screened using PCR-based technique, and 84 clones were identified to potentially contain microsatellite repeat motif. The 84 clones were sequenced, and 42 microsatellites and 4 minisatellites with a minimum of five repeats were found (13.1% of white colonies screened). Besides the motif of CA contained in the oligoprobe, we also found other 16 types of microsatellite repeats including a dinucleotide repeat, two tetranucleotide repeats, twelve pentanucleotide repeats and a hexanucleotide repeat. According to Weber(1990), the microsatellite sequences obtained could be categorized structurally into perfect repeats (73.3%), imperfect repeats(13.3%), and compound repeats (13.4%). Among the microsatellite repeats, relatively short arrays (＜ 20 repeats) were most abundant,accounting for 75.0%. The largest length of microsatellites was 48 repeats, and the average number of repeats was 13.4. The data on the composition and length distribution of microsatellites obtained in the present study can be useful for choosing the repeat motifs for microsatetlite isolation in other abalone species.     

盘鲍和皱纹盘鲍等位酶的生化遗传分析

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对盘鲍(Haliotis discus discus)和皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)的养殖群体进行了10种等位酶的电泳检测和谱带遗传分析。确定了盘鲍的18个等位酶位点及21个等位基因,单态位点有15个;仅有3个位点是多态的,它们是Sod-1,Est-3,Mdh-1(P0.99标准),多态位点的百分数为16．67％,这些多态位点分析到2个等位基因。确定了皱纹盘鲍的18个等位酶位点及20个等位基因,单态位点有16个;仅有2个位点是多态的,它们是Sod-1,Est-3(P0.99标准),多态位点的百分数为11．11％,这些多态位点中也分析到2个等位基因。盘鲍和皱纹盘鲍在所有位点中共享大多数常见等位基因,因此在生化遗传上它们非常相似。该研究揭示了盘鲍和皱纹盘鲍养殖群体等位酶位点及其等位基因带谱的变异式样,为盘鲍和皱纹盘鲍的遗传结构及遗传育种的研究提供了一批等位酶位点及其等位基因的参考图谱。     

利用流式细胞仪技术研究杂色鲍血细胞的吞噬率

利用流式细胞仪（FCM）技术检测了杂色鲍血细胞在体内和体外对不同含量荧光微球悬液的吞噬率.其结果表明体内注射法测定吞噬率的方法不可行.在体外吞噬中,当荧光微球含量为血细胞含量的68.2倍时吞噬率达98.43%±1.27%,随着荧光微球含量的降低血细胞吞噬率也随着降低.当荧光微球含量为血细胞含量的6.82倍时吞噬率为63.45%±6.05%,以这一含量进行血细胞吞噬率的测定比较恰当.利用这一含量测定了正常鲍与经过低盐（S=18）海水胁迫24 h后鲍的血细胞吞噬率的变化,正常鲍的吞噬率为68.71%±10.05%,经低盐海水胁迫后鲍的吞噬率为49.49%±10.18%,吞噬率出现了显著的下降（p〈0.05）.实验结果表明利用流式细胞仪技术相比传统的显微镜镜检记数法检测杂色鲍血细胞吞噬率更为方便可靠.     

Effects of tributyltin （TBT） on enzyme activity and oxidative stress in hepatopancreas and hemolymph of small abalone, Haliotis diversicolor supertexta

We investigated the effect of tributyltin (TBT) exposure on the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity levels of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP and AKP) enzymes in the small abalone, Haliotis diversicolor supertexta. We collected samples of the hepatopancreas and hemolymph 2, 6, 24, 48, 96, and 192 h after exposure to 0.35 μg (Sn)/L TBT. In the hepatopancreas, ACP activity was significantly higher in animals exposed to TBT 2, 24, and 96 h post-exposure compared with the control animals. AKP activity was also higher after 2 h, but SOD and CAT activity was unchanged. The concentration of MDA in the hemolymph was significantly higher than the control animals 2 and 6 h post-exposure. In the hemolymph of animals exposed to TBT, ACP activity was significantly lower than in the control animals 192 h post-exposure, whereas AKP activity was significantly lower 2 and 192 h post-exposure. Hemolymph SOD activity and levels of MDA were significantly lower than in the control animals 24 h after exposure but significantly higher after 96 h. Our results demonstrate that exposure to TBT cause rapid changes in ACP and AKP activity as well as altering the concentration of MDA in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph. SOD and CAT do not appear to be involved in the detoxification of TBT in the hepatopancreas of small abalone.