皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)肠道潜在益生菌的筛选及对幼鲍生长的影响

采用体外实验筛选益生菌结合16SrDNA序列分析法,从124株不具有溶血作用的皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)肠道细菌中筛选得到5株潜在益生菌并进行了分子鉴定,进一步对5株潜在益生菌进行了安全性实验及体内饲喂实验。结果表明,2株具有拮抗哈维弧菌和灿烂弧菌能力的潜在益生菌分别被鉴定为Shewanella sp.(WA64)和Shewanella sp.(WA65),一株产海藻酸酶和淀粉酶的潜在益生菌被鉴定为Vibrio sp.(WA51),产蛋白酶潜在益生菌被鉴定为Bacillus sp.(FA12),产琼脂酶潜在益生菌被鉴定为Tamlana sp.(FA86);安全性实验表明5株潜在益生菌在107cfu/ml下对皱纹盘鲍没有明显的毒害作用;通过体内饲喂实验发现,潜在益生菌WA64、WA65的复合作用能够显著提高幼鲍增重率和存活率(P<0.05),并在生产条件下能够明显降低幼鲍的死亡量。经抗生素敏感性实验,WA64菌株对15种抗生素均敏感或中度敏感,WA65菌株仅对庆大霉素和链霉素2种抗生素产生耐药。     

Two‐dimensional model of diffusion processes around a river mouth

The steady state diffusion equation is solved for two‐dimensional flow around a point source along an infinite straight boundary. Solutions obtained are related to the observed distribution of temperature and salinity around the mouth of the Buller River, South Island, New Zealand.     

A microsatellite panel for triploid verification in the abalone Haliotis midae

A method for ploidy verification of triploid and diploid Haliotis midae was developed using molecular microsatellite markers. In all, 30 microsatellite loci were tested in control populations. A final micro satellite multiplex consisting of seven markers were optimised and a complete protocol is reported. This protocol was successfully applied in identifying the ploidy levels of 42 ploidy-unknown abalone, showing the utility of microsatellite markers as tools for verifying the ploidy of individual abalone. The protocol can be applied in larger animals for which the isolation of nuclei and metaphase chromosomes from tissues is difficult.     

皱纹盘鲍多糖抗肿瘤药理作用研究

对从软体动物皱纹盘鲍HaliotisdiscushannaiIno中分离提取的纯多糖进行了抗肿瘤活性研究。药理实验表明,多糖对体外培养的小鼠移植性肿瘤肉瘤S180、肝癌HepA细胞无细胞毒作用,但能明显延长HepA小鼠的生存时间,抑制小鼠移植性肉瘤S180的生长;在抑瘤的同时,能明显提高免疫器官胸腺、脾脏的重量,降低荷瘤小鼠肝脏中过氧化脂质的水平。提示鲍鱼多糖可能是通过增强荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能和抗氧化作用而发挥其抗肿瘤活性的     

DIETARY PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENT OF YOUNG ABALONE, HALIOTIS DISCUS HANNAI INO

An experiment was performed to determine the dietary phosphorus requirement of the young abalone,Haliotis discus hannai. Five semi-purified diets were formulated to provide a series of graded levels of dietary total phosphorus (0.23%–1.98) from monobasic potassium phosphate (KH2P04). The brown alga,Laminaria japonica, was used as a control diet. Similar size abalone were distributed in a single-pass, flow-through system using a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replicates each treatment. The abalone were hand-fed to satiation with appropriate diets in excess, once daily at 17:00. The feeding trial was run for 120-d. Survival rate and soft-body to shell ratio (SB/S) were constantly maintained regardless of dietary treatment. However, the weight gain rate (WGR), daily increment in shell length (DISL), muscle RNA to DNA ratio (RNA/DNA), carcass levels of lipid and protein, soft-body alkaline phosphatase (SBAKP), and phosphorus concentrations of whole body (WB) and soft body (SB) were significantly (ANOVA, P<0.05) affected by the dietary phosphorus level. The dietary phosphorus requirements of the abalone were evaluated from the WGR, DISL, and RNA/DNA ratio respectively, by using second-order polynomial regression analysis. Based on these criteria, about 1.0%–1.2% total dietary phosphorus, i.e. 0.9%–1.1% dietary available phosphorus is recommended for the maximum growth of the abalone. Project 39670572 supported by the NSFC.     

鲍育苗期病害的防治研究──Ⅰ．福尔马林的防治试验

在皱纹盘鲍ＨａｌｉｏｔｉｓｄｉｓｃｕｓＨａｎｎａｉ育苗期间，幼鲍用福尔马林药浴，对原生动物、线虫、桡足类等引起的病害防治有显著效果。当浓度为５～２０ｇ／ｍ３，浸浴６～１２ｈ能杀死附着板上的原生动物、线虫和部分桡足类，同时也有强的杀菌作用，而对幼鲍及饵料硅藻的发育和活力均没影响。     

皱纹盘鲍主要器官的亚显微结构

对皱纹盘鲍的胃、直肠、消化腺、肾、鳃、心脏、外套膜、足等器官的亚显微结构进行了研究。结果表明 :(1 )各消化器官的组织结构中富含酶原颗粒和分泌颗粒 ,这些颗粒具有消化和抗病的功能 ;(2 )鳃和心肌的组织结构中富含线粒体 ,这与其活动量大密切相关 ;(3 )外套膜的组织结构中富含分泌颗粒 ,这些颗粒物质参与贝壳的形成和体液免疫 ;(4)肾实质中静脉呈网状分布 ,这与体液的有效过滤有关 ;(5 )腹足的肌纤维成束 ,并形成三维的网状结构 ,以适应匍匐与吸附的生活方式     

维生素E对皱纹盘鲍幼鲍生长、存活及体成分的影响

于1997年5月在山东荣成石岛鲍珍品养殖场采集幼鲍，采用单因素试验方法进行幼鲍维生素E(VE）营养需要的研究。以酷蛋白和明胶为蛋白源，通过用不同浓度VE的饲料（E1－E7七个实验组），即在每100g饲料中分别添加0、5、10、20、50、100、200mgVE来饲喂幼鲍（平均体重为220－240mg)103天。结果表明，饲料中适量的VE具有促进幼鲍生长的作用；幼鲍软体部水分和脂肪含量不受饲料中VE添加水平的影响，然而饲料中VE添加水平显著影响软体部蛋白质含量；贝壳中灰分和钙、磷含量不受VE添加水平的影响。以增重和蛋白质增量为指标，皱纹盘鲍幼鲍饲料中VE的适宜含量为5－10mg/100g饲料。     

皱纹盘鲍人工诱导雌核发育精子遗传失活的初步研究

用波长253．7nm，光照强度1．108mW/cm^2的不同剂量紫外线照射皱纹盘鲍（Haliotis discus hannai Ino)精子，然后与皱纹盘鲍的正常卵受精。在0－120s的照射范围内，受精作用都仍能正常发生，从早期胚胎存活率上可观察到“Hertwig”效应的存在，单倍体和非整倍体胚胎在孵化前死亡。在150000个精子／cm^2的条件下，精液厚度5mm左右，经70s以上紫外线照射后，精子染色体可完全失活。     

患病与健康杂色鲍苗中弧菌胞外产物的比较分析

本实验室于2004年采样自广东深圳下沙鲍鱼场变白掉板杂色鲍苗以及官湖养殖场健康鲍苗,各分离到16和34株弧菌,并对其胞外产物进行了比较分析。结果表明,官湖场健康鲍苗弧菌与下沙场患病鲍苗弧菌相比,前者20.59%(7株)菌株虽不分泌胞外酶但具溶血活性,余之菌株(64.71%,22株)或分泌酶和/或具溶血活性,但同时兼具蛋白酶、明胶酶、卵磷脂酶、脂肪酶和溶血活性的极少(5.88%,2株);后者则所有菌株均分泌胞外酶和/或具溶血活性,25.00%(4株)菌株能分泌四种酶及具溶血毒性,其余菌株(68.75%,11株)可分泌多种酶和/或具溶血活性。结果揭示,下沙鲍鱼场患病鲍苗弧菌分泌胞外酶和具溶血活性的能力明显强于官湖场健康鲍苗弧菌的,同时认为菌株X99-2和X100-8与下沙鲍苗病害潜在相关。