海上丝绸之路起点——泉州港岸线变化的遥感动态研究

泉州港作为古代海上丝绸之路的起点,今天又成为21世纪“一带一路”的新起点。本文以泉州港1990-2014年共6期的Landsat TM/OLI遥感影像为数据源,综合应用遥感和GIS技术提取了泉州港的海岸线及海域变化信息,从海岸线的长度、变化速率、分形维数、海域变化面积和海域利用类型5个方面进行海岸线变化及其驱动力分析。研究表明：近24年来,泉州港海岸线长度增加了37.78 km,海岸线的形状总体稳定,但在局部有明显变化。海岸线变化导致的海域变化面积为68.02 km²,其中,建设用地(城市和港口建设)占用的比例最大,围海养殖也是一个重要的利用类型。但泉州港围填海新增面积的利用率不高,超过一半的围填海面积尚未被合理地开发利用。总的来看,新城区建设、临港工业产业兴起和农渔业发展导致了泉州港海岸线的变化。     

A survey of antifoulants in sediments from Ports and Marinas along the French Mediterranean coast

Due to deleterious effects on non-target organisms, the use of organotin compounds on boat hulls of small vessels (<25 m) has been widely prohibited. The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) resolved that the complete prohibition on organotin compounds acting as biocides in antifouling systems should commence in 2008. As a result of restrictions on the use of organotin based paints, other antifouling formulations containing organic biocides have been utilised. This survey was conducted to assess the contamination of replacement biocides in the marine environment following the ban of TBT-based paints. Surface sediments samples were collected in the major ports and marinas along the France Mediterranean coastline (Cote d’Azur) and analysed for organotin compounds, Irgarol 1051, Sea-nine 211^TM, Chlorothalonil, Dichlofluanid and Folpet. Every port and marina exhibited high levels of organotin compounds, with concentrations in sediments ranging from 37 ng Sn g⁻¹dry wt in Menton Garavan to over 4000 ng Sn g⁻¹dry wt close to the ship chandler within the port of Villefranche-sur-Mer. TBT degradation indexes suggested that fresh inputs are still made. Among the other antifoulants monitored, only Irgarol 1051 exhibited measurable concentrations in almost every port, with concentrations ranging from 40 ng g⁻¹dry wt (Cannes) to almost 700 ng g⁻¹dry wt (Villefranche-sur-Mer, ship chandler).     

宁波舟山港主通道混凝土结构耐久性评估与维护技术

系统阐述宁波舟山港主通道跨海工程混凝土结构耐久性评估与维护技术。首先介绍宁波舟山港主通道工程概况及100年使用年限的总体要求;确定耐久性极限状态为海洋氯离子侵入引起的钢筋表面脱钝。针对此极限状态,建立了氯离子侵入过程的耐久性评估模型,确定了不同暴露条件下模型参数的统计规律;根据混凝土保护层厚度的现场实测数据和修正的暴露条件下氯离子扩散系数,对模型参数进行了更新;考虑施工阶段混凝土构件的耐久性附加措施,以某标段非通航孔桥为例,使用全概率方法计算了各类混凝土桥梁构件的失效概率和可靠指标;最终在混凝土构件耐久性评估的基础上,提出了某标段非通航孔桥各类混凝土构件的基本维护制度和维护周期。     

南海港口大风的环流特征及其预报指标——以海南洋浦港为例

本文以海南洋浦港为例,利用2015—2019年大风资料,通过合成分析等方法深入探讨了不同类型大风过程的环流特征、发生机制及其预报指标。结果表明:(1)洋浦港大风过程按照影响系统可分为冷空气型、切变线型、热带气旋型和热低压型4种。(2)冷空气型大风主要是由强冷平流引发的;当925hPa关键区24h降温超过6℃且北风分量大于11.5m/s时,洋浦港6h后易发生冷空气型大风;切变线型大风主要产生于强对流引发的雷暴大风、飑线等;当925hPa低空切变线、500hPa南支槽等天气尺度系统出现有利配置,对流有效位能CAPE≥1500J·kg~(-1),且具有较合适的对流抑制能量CIN值时,易发生切变线型大风;热低压型大风与海陆热力差异引起的海风锋密切相关;当海南岛西北部陆地与近海海面的6h变温之差≥3.5℃,CAPE≥1500J·kg~(-1),CIN≤20J·kg~(-1)时,海风锋极易触发雷暴大风等强对流天气;热带气旋型大风主要发生在TC中心附近的等压线密集带以及外围螺旋雨带的中小尺度对流系统中。业务预报时可在数值预报基础上结合统计规律以及卫星、雷达等实况资料综合判定风力等级。     

Competitive policies for commercial sea ports in the EU

The globalisation of the economy and the need for sustainable growth are having a strong influence on international sea freight transport and its infrastructures. Commercial sea ports, faced with the loss in ‘loyalty’ of their traffic and the appearance of ‘new rules in the game’, are developing new strategies in order to achieve the loyalty of their clients. The present paper is a reflection on the findings generated in recent years in the area of competitive port policies. The main focus is on the formulation of commercial and technological strategies, the new legislative framework and its consequences for the European Union in the context of the future ‘Common Ports Policy’.     

天津港水文泥沙问题研究综述

利用天津港多年水文、泥沙实测资料以及以往研究成果，对不同时期的港口泥沙研究成果进行了概述，并结合天津港的总体规划方案，从水文泥沙角度进行了定性及定量分析。     

中国港口地理学研究进展与展望

基于CiteSpace文献计量工具对中国港口地理学的研究机构、研究团队、研究热点及研究阶段进行分析,总结中国港口地理研究的总体特征。研究发现：中国港口地理学实现快速发展,研究方法和研究内容日趋多元化,航运企业与航运网络、绿色低碳港口等新视角开始发轫,逐渐成为港口地理学的重要研究方向;但中国港口地理学研究机构之间尚缺乏紧密的合作关系。最后,围绕港口地理学的学科发展及国家战略需求,从完善港口地理学概念及基本范畴、扩展全球视野创新理论研究、立足微观视角强化机理探究、学科融合的理论与实践探索、面向国家战略强化政策与实践探索5个方面探讨中国港口地理学未来发展趋势。     

江苏盐城大丰港西洋深槽冲淤变化特征

西洋深槽是大丰港赖以生存的重要航道。在野外地质调查实测资料的基础上,结合以往的地形资料,从典型断面、等深线、区域等不同角度综合分析了近年来西洋深槽的地形冲淤变化特征,发现西洋深槽近期整体处于基本稳定状态。调查成果已转化应用,为大丰港区港航规划和可持续开发建设提供了基础数据。     

Seasonal variation in biomass and species composition of seaweeds stranded along Port Okha,northwest coast of India

Port Okha coast, which is known for its luxuriant growth of a diverse assemblage of seaweeds on Saurashtra coast, is found to have abundant quantities of seaweeds being drifted and washed ashore every year. Studies conducted for quantifying the stranded seaweeds from May 2004 to April 2005 showed an average biomass value of 3.10 kg fresh wt/m²/month with maximum being 6.60 kg fresh wt/m² in April. The stranded weeds constituted a total of 62 species during the entire study period. Of this, Rhodophyta ranked high with 26 species followed by Chlorophyta with 22 species and Phaeophyta with 14 species. The stranded seaweeds that were washed ashore provide valuable floristic information about the intertidal and near shore sub-tidal algae of the respective regions. Although natural senescence of seaweeds is one of the major factors, strong currents primarily forced by tides, also contribute to the uprooting and subsequent drifting of seaweeds on to the beach. This ultimately causes changes in floristic features of the existing algal beds.