台湾-吕宋岛双火山弧的构造意义

扼要评介了国内外关于台湾-吕宋岛双火山弧在南海沿马尼拉海沟俯冲的动力学过程和俯冲板块深部形态等方面研究的成果;认为目前的动力学模式还不够完善,没有能够对台湾-吕宋岛双火山弧中存在的第四纪火山间断做出合理的解释,为此引入“板片窗”概念,对已经提出的动力学模式进行了修改;并统计1964~2006年发生于菲律宾地区的地震震中位置,认为存在于菲律宾群岛17°~19°N之间的深源地震稀疏带和存在于14°~15°N之间的喇叭状地震稀疏带是地震作用对于南海板片窗构造存在的反映;结合研究区域已有应力场研究资料,认为俯冲的南海亚板块中板片窗两侧俯冲倾角的差异,应该是造成俯冲带内应力分布出现分带现象的原因之一。     

天津三河岛潮间带137Cs与210Pb的分布及现代沉积过程

位于永定新河、潮白新河与蓟运河汇流处的三河岛是天津市列入国家海岛名录的唯一岛屿,其独特的地理位置记录了现代海、陆交互作用的变化过程。取自该岛南、北两侧泥质潮间带的2组现代沉积物样柱,揭示137Cs和210Pbexc的最大检出深度分别达到90～123cm和140～210cm,属于渤海湾西岸泥质海岸带现代沉积最为活跃的“面向开放海湾亚带”。     

Precursory Subsurface 222Rn and 220Rn Degassing Signatures of the 2004 Seismic Crisis at Tenerife, Canary Islands

Precursory geochemical signatures of radon degassing in the subsurface of the Tenerife Island were observed several months prior to the recent 2004 seismic-volcanic crisis. These premonitory signatures were detected by means of a continuous monitoring of ²²²Rn and ²²⁰Rn activity from a bubbling CO₂-rich gas spot located at 2.850 m depth inside a horizontal gallery for groundwater exploitation at Tenerife. Multivariate Regression Analysis (MRA) on time series of the radon activity was applied to eliminate the radon activity fluctuation due to external variables such as barometric pressure, temperature and relative humidity as well as power supply. Material Failure Forecast Method (FFM) was successfully applied to forecast the anomalous seismicity registered in Tenerife Island in 2004. The changes in the ²²²Rn/²²⁰Rn ratio observed after the period of anomalous seismicity might suggest a higher gas flow rate and/or changes in the vertical permeability induced by seismic activity.     

Modeling the formation of undulations of the coastline: The role of tides

An idealized model is developed and analyzed to investigate the relevance of tidal motion for the emergence of undulations of a sandy coastline. The model describes feedbacks between tidal and steady flow on the inner shelf, sand transport in the nearshore zone and an irregular coastline. It is demonstrated that an initially straight coastline can become unstable with respect to perturbations with a rhythmic structure in the alongshore direction. The mechanism causing the growth of these perturbations is explained in terms of vorticity concepts. The relative importance of tide-related and wave-driven sediment fluxes in generating undulations of the coastline is investigated for the Dutch coast. Using parameter values that are appropriate for the Dutch coast it is found that tides can render a straight coastline unstable. The model predicts a fastest growing mode (FGM) with a wavelength that is in the order of the observed length of barrier islands. The mode grows on a time scale of 50 yr and it migrates 200 m per year. The wavelength of the FGM decreases with increasing amplitude of the tidal currents. This result is consistent with data of tides, waves and the lengths of barrier islands that are located along the Dutch and German Wadden coast.     

Influence of the turbulence closure scheme on the finite-element simulation of the upwelling in the wake of a shallow-water island

A three-dimensional finite-element model is used to investigate the tidal flow around Rattray Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Field measurements and visual observations show both stable eddies developing at rising and falling tide in the wake of the island. The water turbidity suggests intense upwelling able to carry bed sediments upwards. Based on previous numerical studies, it remains unclear at this point whether the most intense upwelling occurs near the centre of the eddies or off the island's tips, closer to the island. All these studies resorted to a very simple turbulence closure, with a zero-equation model whereby the coefficient of vertical viscosity is computed via an algebraic expression. In this work, we aim at studying the influence of the turbulence closure on model results, with emphasis on the prediction of vertical motions. The Mellor and Yamada level 2.5 closure scheme is used and an increase in the intensity of vertical transport is observed. This increase is partly explained by the fact that the Mellor and Yamada model takes into account the hysteresis effect in the time variation of turbulence variables. The influence of the advection of turbulence variables is estimated to be negligible. By a better representation of transient coastal phenomena, the Mellor and Yamada level 2.5 turbulence closure improves the model to a significant degree.     

海南热带雨林国家公园重要地质遗迹特征及综合评价

海南热带雨林国家公园内地质遗迹资源是热带雨林内自然资源和自然环境极其重要的组成部分,地质遗迹所赋存的地质环境,是热带雨林生物多样性的基础条件。推进地质遗迹资源的科学保护和合理利用是建设海南热带雨林国家公园的重要内容之一。基于对海南热带雨林国家公园全面系统的地质遗迹调查评价工作,依据《地质遗迹调查规范》（DZ/T 0303- 2017）,本文系统的总结了海南热带雨林国家公园内重要地质遗迹资源的特征和分布,对其科学价值和美学价值进行了定性和定量综合分级评价。研究结果表明：海南热带雨林国家公园内地质遗迹类型多样,以基础地质和地貌景观大类为主,包括重要化石产地类、岩土体地貌类、水体地貌类以及火山地貌类4类,古生物群化石产地、岩溶地貌、侵入岩地貌、碎屑岩地貌、瀑布、火山岩地貌6个亚类,共计21处重要地质遗迹点。其中,世界级地质遗迹点的有1处,省级地质遗迹点17处,省级以下地质遗迹点3处。通过对海南热带雨林国家地质公园地质遗迹评价,为国家公园内地质遗迹资源保护和利用提供基础资料和思路。     

海南岛玄武岩石粉废渣制备连续纤维实验研究

玄武岩石粉废渣是玄武岩石材破碎加工过程中产生的废料,其粒度细、销路差,尚无成熟的大规模综合利用方法。本文采集海南岛不同地区的8组玄武岩石粉废渣,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析其化学成分和矿物组分,通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、能谱仪(EDS)及熔融实验分析其结晶性能,筛选出最符合玄武岩纤维原料特征的样品进行纤维制备研究。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及XRD分析纤维表面形貌与结晶晶相,将其性能与标准纤维进行对比。结果表明,1 450℃时制得的纤维频繁断丝,表面结晶出大量树枝状及针状的硅灰石、石英、黄长石和磁铁矿;升温至1 480℃并保温1 h后成功制得的连续纤维,仍含有黄长石和磁铁矿,断裂强力略低于标准纤维。研究结果表明利用海南岛玄武岩石粉废渣制备连续纤维具有一定可行性,本研究为海南岛玄武岩石粉废渣的处理提供了导向性建议和理论基础。     

Application of CSAMT in hydrogeology exploration in Shandong Province–An example from geothermal exploration in Changdao County(south four islands)

The geophysical exploration in Changdao County is conducted using controlled source audio-frequency magnetotelluric(CSAMT) method. The inversion results reveal obvious evidences of one existed fault and five new blind faults, including their location, size, occurrence and development degree. Another two low resistance anomaly zones are delineated. According to the results, a geothermal well drilling test is applied in the middle of South Changshan Island, discovering a large flow of salt hotspring with bromine and strontium. The outlet temperature is 36 ℃ and the yield of a single well is 1 830 m~3/d. This study on island hotspring exploration marks the first of its kind conducted in Shandong Province. It provides basic high-quality information for subsequent similar studies.     

海南岛二叠纪—三叠纪构造演化：源自岩浆岩和变质岩同位素年代学和地球化学的约束

本文对海南岛广泛出露的中-酸性花岗质岩体和中—高级变质岩开展了系统的岩石学、年代学、地球化学及Lu-Hf同位素研究,识别出270～259 Ma和242 Ma两期岩浆事件和251～248 Ma变质-深熔事件。270～259 Ma岩浆岩包括花岗(石英)闪长岩和含石榴子石花岗岩。花岗(石英)闪长岩为准铝质I型花岗岩,锆石ε_Hf(t)值变化较大,Mg^#和CaO/Na₂O比值较高,Rb/Sr比值较低,起源于玄武质下地壳,并存在少量幔源岩浆的混入;含石榴子石花岗岩为典型的强过铝质S型花岗岩,锆石ε_Hf(t)值为负,CaO/Na₂O比值较高,源岩主要为壳源贫黏土的碎屑岩。它们均富集LREEs(轻稀土元素)和LILEs(大离子亲石元素),明显亏损HFSEs(高场强元素),显示出与洋壳俯冲相关的岛弧岩浆岩的地球化学特征,形成于大陆弧背景下。251～248 Ma变质-深熔事件与区域上广泛分布的壳源S型花岗岩和韧性剪切变形同期,推测为一期弧-陆碰撞造山事件。242 Ma花岗岩为A₂