Integrating lysimeter drainage and eddy covariance flux measurements in a groundwater recharge model

Abstract

Field-scale water balance is difficult to characterize because controls exerted by soils and vegetation are mostly inferred from local-scale measurements with relatively small support volumes. Eddy covariance flux and lysimeters have been used to infer and evaluate field-scale water balances because they have larger footprint areas than local soil moisture measurements. This study quantifies heterogeneity of soil deep drainage (D) in four 12.5-m² repacked lysimeters, compares evapotranspiration from eddy covariance (ET_EC) and mass balance residuals of lysimeters (ETwb_Lys), and models D to estimate groundwater recharge. Variation in measured D was attributed to redirection of snowmelt infiltration and differences in lysimeter hydraulic properties caused by surface soil treatment. During the growing seasons of 2010, 2011 and 2012, ETwb_Lys (278, 289 and 269 mm, respectively) was in good agreement with ET_EC (298, 301 and 335 mm). Annual recharge estimated from modelled D was 486, 624 and 613 mm for three calendar years 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. In summary, lysimeter D and ET_EC can be integrated to estimate and model groundwater recharge.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis     

基于宽巷载波的GPS周跳探测与修复的算法改进

鉴于双频P码伪距结合相位观测值用于探测周跳存在的不足,提出了结合DCPC图像和相应的算法来分析周跳发生大小以及发生位置的方法。尤其是在载波L1与L2出现大小相同的周跳且宽巷载波失效的情况下,需结合DCPC图像来分析周跳发生的历元,通过M-W宽巷载波组合及其电离层残差组合,用两历元间的二元一次方程来修复周跳。该方法能够快速地探测及修复周跳,具有实用性。     

天津市1:10000地形图更新检验方法

1∶10 000地形图是天津市城市建设与管理的基础用图,是实现城市信息化管理的重要基础地理信息之一,同时也是各行各业建立地理信息系统的基础。本文介绍了天津市1∶10 000地形图数据更新的检验要求和方法,同时指出了下一步检验工作需努力的方向。     

基于ENVI／IDL的AVHRR1B数据格式读取与预处理软件模块开发

NOAAAVHRR提供的1B数据,是以一个文件存储图像数据和相关的辅助数据,目前的商用遥感图像处理软件大多无法直接读取与图像有关的定标、定位、太阳与传感器位置等数据,对图像的后续定量化处理与应用带来了困难。本文在深入分析1B数据格式的基础上,实现了基于ENV~IDL平台的1B格式数据读取与预处理模块开发,这对于AVHRR图像数据的应用具有重要的现实意义。     

基于辛算法模拟探地雷达在复杂地电模型中的传播

近年来,探地雷达(GPR)凭借其快速、高效、无破损等特点,已经广泛应用于浅地层目标探测中.数值模拟是研究探地雷达电磁波在地下结构中传播规律的有效手段.辛算法是一种保持Hamilton系统总能量不变的时域数值计算方法.本文提出了基于一阶显式辛分块龙格库塔方法的探地雷达数值模拟方法.通过对比本文算法与时域有限差分方法计算结果可知,在同等计算精度下,本文算法可以节省25%的计算时间.并基于本文算法对两个复杂GPR模型进行正演模拟,得到模拟GPR探测wiggle图,这有助于更好的理解和分析实测雷达数据.     

Improving georeferencing accuracy of Very High Resolution satellite imagery using freely available ancillary data at global coverage

ABSTRACT

While impressive direct geolocation accuracies better than 5.0?m CE90 (90% of circular error) can be achieved from the last DigitalGlobe’s Very High Resolution (VHR) satellites (i.e. GeoEye-1 and WorldView-1/2/3/4), it is insufficient for many precise geodetic applications. For these sensors, the best horizontal geopositioning accuracies (around 0.55?m CE90) can be attained by using third-order 3D rational functions with vendor’s rational polynomial coefficients data refined by a zero-order polynomial adjustment obtained from a small number of very accurate ground control points (GCPs). However, these high-quality GCPs are not always available. In this work, two different approaches for improving the initial direct geolocation accuracy of VHR satellite imagery are proposed. Both of them are based on the extraction of three-dimensional GCPs from freely available ancillary data at global coverage such as multi-temporal information of Google Earth and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission 30?m digital elevation model. The application of these approaches on WorldView-2 and GeoEye-1 stereo pairs over two different study sites proved to improve the horizontal direct geolocation accuracy values around of 75%.     

Korea: A Cartographic History

Abstract