东海藻华高发区塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)的形态、分子及分布特征

本文对分离自我国东海藻华高发区的亚历山大藻进行了详细的形态特征描述和分子系统进化分析,通过运用光学显微镜、荧光显微镜、扫描电镜和分子生物学方法,确定该藻株为塔玛亚历山大藻Alexarium tamarense(Lebour)Balech,并对其ITS序列进行了系统进化分析。该藻体长21—35μm,体宽20—33μm,ITS序列长度为592bp,系统发育树中与中国东海、南海两株A.tamarense以及一株代表"亚洲温带"基因型的A.catenella聚合在一起,支持率为100%,形态特征与A.tamarense基本一致,核糖体基因型则为塔玛复合种"亚洲温带"基因型。通过现场观测,研究浙南至闽北东海藻华高发区的塔玛亚历山大藻分布变化特点,在东海原甲藻藻华消散期,塔玛亚历山大藻逆势而上,其细胞密度达到1.7×104cell/L,并逐渐向沿岸靠近,这与季风转向,台湾暖流入侵及水体层化密切相关。     

我国近海赤潮灾害发生特征、机理及防治对策研究

近海赤潮灾害的频繁暴发严重破坏海洋生态平衡和海洋环境.根据2000～2009年的统计数据,从赤潮灾害发生时间、地域分布、赤潮生物优势种和规模变化4个方面分析了我国近海赤潮灾害的发生特征,同时探究了赤潮生物、营养物质(氮、磷、铁、锰、维生素、特殊有机物等)和外部环境(气象条件、水动力条件、海水理化因子等)引发赤潮灾害的机...     

Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Different Fractions of the Coelomocytes of Holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix in Response to the Thermostable Toxin of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in Vitro

Pure fraction (92% - 95%) of phagocytes (FP) and a mixture of amoebocytes (62%) and morula cells (38 % )-FPMC- of the holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix ( Holothuroidea,Dendrochirota ) were obtained by using ficoll-verographine step gradient. Basal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in FP quantified by using reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) was more than twice that in FPMC. Thermostable toxin of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (TST) at differentconcentrations ( 0.2; 0.5; 2.5 μg/ml, but not 0.1 μg/ml) stimulated NBT reduction in FPMC after 24 h incubation. In FP, TST at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.2 μg/ml inhibited and at concentrations of 0.5 and 2.5 μg/ml stimulated NBT reduction after 24 h incubation. Maximal effect was observed in FP and FPMC at TST concentrations of 0.5 and 0.2 μg/ml, respectively. Addition of catalase (0.7 μg/ml) to the cells treated with TST (2.5 μg/ml) was followed by a decrease in NBT reduction compared to that under toxin treatment alone. TST stimulated superoxide dismutase activity in ccncentration-dependent manner (maximum at 0.5 μg/ml concentration in FP) after 24 htreatment, and this stimulation was prevented by a commercial catalase. Plant lectin concanavalin A stimulated NBT reduction more than 5-fold in FPMC compared to the control. With addition of TST, lectin stimulated ROS to lesser extent than that with lectin alone. When catalase, TST, and lectin were added into the FPMC simultaneously, ROS increase was similar to that under lectin treatment alone. On the whole, data obtained indicated that ROS generation in holothurian coelomocytes especially occurs in both stimulated and not stimulated phagocytes, and that changes in ROS production by these cells may be one of the mechanisms of antibacterial protection of holothurians.     

温阳解毒方联合隔药灸治疗糖尿病神经源性膀胱25例

目的：探究温阳解毒方联合隔药灸治疗糖尿病神经源性膀胱（DNB）阳虚毒郁证的临床疗效。方法：将52 例DNB阳虚毒郁证患者随机分为2组,每组各26 例。对照组予皮下注射胰岛素或口服降糖药控制血糖,治疗组在对照组基础上予温阳解毒方口服及隔药灸治疗,2组均治疗4周。比较2组治疗前和治疗2、4周后膀胱残余尿量（RUV）、中医证候积分和血糖水平［包括空腹血糖（FPG）、葡萄糖负荷后2h血糖（2hPG）］。结果：治疗组脱落1 例,对照组脱落3 例。2组治疗2周后的RUV、中医证候积分、FPG、2hPG及治疗组治疗4周后的RUV、中医证候积分与本组前一时间节点比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）;2组治疗2、4周后RUV、中医证候积分组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05,P<0.01）,但FPG、2hPG组间比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。2组治疗过程中均未出现明显不良反应。结论：温阳解毒方口服联合隔药灸能够有效治疗DNB阳虚毒郁证,可持续减少膀胱残余尿量,缓解临床症状。     

重组质粒HF443-EGFP的构建及其在赤潮毒素检测中的应用初探

采用基因工程的方法，进行重组质粒HF443一EGFP的构建和在哺乳动物细胞中的表达，并进行了其用于赤潮毒素检测的可能性研究。结果表明，用PCR技术扩增EGFP基因，用XbaⅠ、Hind Ⅲ双酶切并纯化，与同样双酶切并纯化的HF443质粒连接，可构建重组质粒HF443-EGFP；利用Lipofect AMINE2000转染体外培养哺乳动物BIU-87细胞。在培养体系中加入不同浓度的GTX，而后加入Na^ 通道激活剂乌头碱以诱导绿色荧光蛋白表达，荧光显微镜下观察细胞中绿色荧光蛋白表达的变化情况。细胞发出的荧光随毒素浓度的增加而减弱，存在一定的剂量效应关系，提示毒素GTX可显著影响绿色荧光蛋白的表达，重组质粒：HF443-EGFP用于赤潮霉素检测有一定的可行性.     

2021～2022年荣成海域多相赤潮的分子鉴定

山东半岛濒临渤海和黄海,海岸带复杂,海岸线长,近岸海域赤潮事件频发。然而,由于部分赤潮物种的形态难以识别,或易降解不稳定,加上形态鉴定专业要求高,导致致灾赤潮物种未得到准确鉴定。2021年11月至2022年4月间山东荣成海域海带养殖区暴发严重赤潮事件,面积达1 440 km²,导致海带白化、溃烂,造成严重经济损失。对该海域水样固定样本的观察鉴定到两种致灾赤潮物种,红色赤潮藻(Akashiwo sanguinea)和多纹膝沟藻(Gonyaulax polygramma),二者均为山东近海常见的致灾赤潮物种。该研究通过对赤潮样本中活体单细胞的显微观察和单细胞测序分析,根据藻细胞形态特征与分子标记序列相似性鉴定到三种优势致灾赤潮物种,包括红色赤潮藻、多纹膝沟藻和灰白下沟藻(Katodinium glaucum)。其中灰白下沟藻由于在固定过程中不稳定而较少得到鉴定。对该赤潮海域水样开展宏条形码分析,除了发现上述三种致灾赤潮物种外,还发现了另外一个致灾赤潮物种纺锤环沟藻(Gyrodinium fusiforme)。纺锤环沟藻也由于在固定过程中不稳定而较少得到鉴定。由此可见,...     

三种鲀的毒性及其与种的相关性研究

用小鼠生物检测法及薄层等电聚焦电泳法测定3种河鲀的毒性及其蛋白质组分的种属差异性．结果表明，河鲀的毒性强弱与其种属有密切关系，不同种河鲀的毒性差异很大；同种河鲀的不同个体以及同一个体的不同器官组织也有较大差异．这些结果可为河鲀资源的开发利用提供实验依据。     

有害藻华(HAB)的发生、生态学影响和对策

论述了有害藻华 (HAB)的含义、成因及其生态学影响 ,总结了目前有害藻华的治理方法。在此基础上 ,对今后赤潮研究的发展趋势作了预测 ,以期为赤潮的研究工作、预警预报和生态学防治及其防灾减灾提供借鉴。     

The prewarning value of Alexandrium tamarense PSP in an area with frequent outburst of red tide

1 IntroductionParalytic shellfish poisons (PSP) that refer tothe toxins produced by the harmful algal bloom(HAB) have the greatest impact and the widest dis-tribution among marine HAB toxins threatening hu-man life and health. Accordingto statistics, PSP …     

The study on the effect of NO on the growth of Chaetoceros curvisetus

1 INTRODUCTION As a recently recognized information molecule in campaign of the “Molecule of the Year” by Sci- ence magazine, nitric oxide (NO) has attracted much attention from biologists and many other field scien- tists, for its very important physio…