Parameterization of surface water temperature and long-term trends in Europe’s fourth largest lake shows recent and rapid warming in winter

Changes in the ice phenology, seasonal temperature and extreme events are consistent evidence of climate change effect on lakes. In this study, we analyzed multiannual variability, determined long-term trends and detected changes in the frequency of extreme events in the surface water temperature (LSWT) of Lake Peipsi (Estonia/Russia) for nearly seven decades (1950-2018) and aimed to trace how the LSWT responded to the climate change. Dynamic water temperature parameters were calculated using the smoothed water temperature curve fitted to daily water temperatures. Our results showed that, although the average LSWT did not increase significantly on an annual basis since 1950 it rose rapidly in the winter season during the last decade (∼ +0.5 °C). Ice formation exhibited a marked (∼15 days) delay since 2007 resulting in a longer open water period. Extreme LSWT events did not occur more frequently. We noticed however significant fluctuating in winter LSWT in time series, starting from 2007 and also causing an increase in stochasticity. The consequences of the on-going winter warming and changes of ice cover phenology are expected to be crucial for Lake Peipsi ecosystem functioning and impact on lake biota, especially temperature-sensitive native fishes.     

Metacommunity dynamics of Ostracoda in temporary lakes: Overall strong niche effects except at the onset of the flooding period

Metacommunity research usually focuses on the structure of species assemblages and their influencing factors, chiefly environment and space. However, the temporal dynamics of metacommunities and their structuring processes are rarely investigated. Here, we analyze the temporal variations in a metacommunity of ostracods from temporary shallow lakes of the Iberian Peninsula. Our aims were to determine the variability of the ostracod assemblages throughout a hydrological cycle by means of partial triadic analysis (PTA), and to analyze the response of these communities to both environmental and spatial variables. The metacommunity was moderately stable through the study period, with larger variability between sites than between months. However, the metacommunity structure at the beginning of the hydroperiod was notably different from the rest of months. Species sorting was the predominant mechanism structuring the metacommunity through monthly samples, establishing a conspicuous separation between species that inhabit saline lakes and those preferring freshwater bodies. Spatial processes were negligible. Our results show the strength of a temporal approach in the study of metacommunities, against a single snapshot, stressing differences at the onset and the end of hydroperiod in temporary water bodies, but still surpassed by species sorting effects under a steep environmental gradient.     

北京城市湖泊富营养化评价与分析

根据2006年对北京市区不同功能重点湖泊水体进行的逐月监测,采用综合营养状态指数法,对湖泊富营养化现状进行了评价。结果表明,水源湖泊目前处于中营养状态,但在夏秋季由于温度和光照等气象条件的影响,可接近轻富营养;重要景观湖泊处于轻一中度富营养;一般景观湖泊处于中度一重度富营养状态。湖泊富营养程度随季节变化明显：盛夏和初秋形成高峰,冬、春季最低,总磷、总氮含量与叶绿素a呈显著正相关关系,尤其总磷与叶绿素a的相关性更加显著。由于城市排水管网不健全,雨污分流不彻底,暴雨期大量溢流生活污水直接向湖泊补水河道中排放;湖泊补水沿线降雨径流产生的非点源污染较严重;加上污水处理厂再生水水质较差,加重了补给湖泊富营养程度。     

五个湖泊中华刺鳅(Mastacembelus sinensis)种群线粒体细胞色素b遗传多样性分析

采用特异性引物对中华刺鳅基因组DNA进行扩增和测序,获得了江苏省5个湖泊的中华刺鳅种群线粒体cyt b基因767 bp的序列.分析表明,cyt b基因中A+T含量略高于G+C含量,144个中华刺鳅共获得cyt b基因单倍型28个,变异位点38个,其中单倍型Hap1分布最为广泛,可能为祖先型单倍型.平均单倍型多样性和平均核苷酸多样性指数分别为0.58751和0.00214,遗传多样性较低.群体间遗传分化系数为0.0356,绝大多数的遗传变异都来自群体内部,而群体间的遗传分化极小.构建的系统进化树未出现明显的以单个湖泊群体的聚簇,5个湖泊的种群间基因交流极其强烈.研究结果表明,当前5个湖泊的中华刺鳅遗传多样性水平比较低,亟待加强保护.     

山东南四湖上级湖水质变化评价(2008-2014年)及成因分析

基于南四湖上级湖6个监测点2008-2014年42个奇数月份的水质资料,选取溶解氧、化学需氧量(COD)、高锰酸盐指数(COD_Mn)、五日生化需氧量(BOD₅)、氨氮、总磷和氟化物作为水质评价的指标.对水质指标的归一化方法进行了改进,采用主成分分析法对6个监测点的水质综合状况进行评价,根据得出的各月综合得分序列分析水质变化趋势.与2000-2007年南四湖上级湖的水质综合状况进行比较,2008-2014年水质明显变好.评价结果表明,同一监测点的水质在不同时间点上有明显变化,同一时间序列不同监测点的水质状况也有不同变化.此外,分析得出南四湖上级湖的主要水质影响指标为COD、COD_Mn和BOD₅.结合评价结果,分析水质变化原因,入湖河流水质状况和湖区底泥是其重要影响因素.     

Using Sentinel-1A DInSAR interferometry and Landsat 8 data for monitoring water level changes in two lakes in Crete,Greece

Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) methodology has been successfully employed to detect water level changes and produce corresponding water level variation maps. In this study, Agia and Kournas lakes, located in Western Crete, Greece, were used as pilot areas to monitor water level change with means of SAR interferometry and auxiliary Earth Observation (EO) data. The water level variation was monitored for the period 2015–2016, using Sentinel-1A imageries and corresponding stage water level data. Landsat 8 data were additionally used to study vegetation regime and surface water extent and how these parameters affect interferograms performance. The results highlighted the fact that the combination of SAR backscattering intensity and unwrapped phase can provide additional insight into hydrological studies. The overall analysis of both interferometric characteristics and backscattering mechanism denoted their potential in enhancing the reliability of the water-level retrieval scheme and optimizing the capture of hydrological patterns spatial distribution.     

极地冻雨环境下螺旋桨式风传感器改进技术初探

在平行轴螺旋桨式风传感器的基础上,制作一个安装于螺旋桨式风传感器风速轴组件上的防冻雨装置,通过这种技术改进,使得改造后的风传感器能在冻雨天气下正常观测,并在中国南极长城站开展了现场试验。通过数据检验分析,改造后的风传感器可有效提升数据可用率,提升了观测连续性,减少了人力劳动。本改进技术对极地地区、我国贵州省等冻雨灾害多发地区的气象观测具有重要意义。     

北美五大湖水环境保护经验分析

介绍了位于美国和加拿大边界的世界上最大的淡水水体--北美五大湖的基本情况及水环境污染和治理历程,讨论美加两国政府在水环境保护方面合作的经验,概括了五大湖环境保护工作所取得的成就.实践证明,五大湖水资源综合管理体制、水环境保护策略是行之有效的.经过几十年的努力,五大湖的水质状况已有明显改善,尤其是在人群健康保障、富营养化治理和有毒物质消减方面取得了长足的进步.     

论大峡谷生态环境的脆弱性

分析了大峡谷的基本特点, 把它看作是内外作用营力的现阶段表现。提出了内营力的地质基础是破碎的、不良的、不稳定的; 外营力的水汽通道带来强大水热作用的负面影响, 它们结合在一起, 组成了生态环境本质极为脆弱的基础。并把历史上的重大山地灾害当作是一面镜子; 而把现实看到的破坏作为人类参与下正在长鸣的警钟, 提醒人们要建立大峡谷生态环境是极为脆弱的基本概念, 一切要以环保为基础, 以可持续发展为根本目标。