基于S变换的河南地区形变及重力观测数据时频特征研究

本文采取S变换时频分析方法, 对弱震区(河南及邻近地区)形变及重力数据进行时频谱计算。 对扰动事件、 地震响应、 可能的构造运动信息、 以及固体潮瞬时频率特征参数进行对比分析, 结果表明: 重力的干扰成分主要集中在0.3～0.5 Hz、 0.001～0.1 Hz频段, 其中部分振动干扰呈条带分布; 0.1～0.18 Hz频段可能包含有构造运动的信息; 0.1～0.18 Hz信号的能量变化、 固体潮瞬时频率特征参数可作为应力场变化的表征, 特别是作为形变及重力远场变化的表征, 具有较好的前兆意义。     

利用重力资料监测日本9.0级大震激发的球型自由振荡

利用攀枝花南山地震台重力观测资料,检测了2011年日本9.0级大地震激发的0S0～0S39之间基频球型自由振荡,其中有0S0、0S11、0S13、0S22、0S23、0S30、0S35等7个振型观测频率与理论值偏差近似为0,0S2、0S32、0S38、0S39振型频谱不突出,观测效果不明显。观测值与理论值整体平均偏差约为0.10%,观测效果较好,说明了PREM模型理论的正确性,肯定了南山地震台重力资料质量的优良。     

Recent advances of computing coseismic deformations in theory and applications

This paper reviews the recent advances in computing coseismic deformations, and their contributions to seismology and geodesy. At first, an overview on the history of the dislocation theory development is given in the introduction section. Then, emphasis are given on some new developments through few examples in the following sections, such as the new dislocation theory for a 3D Earth model, a new computing scheme on coseismic deflection change of vertical, the relation of dislocation Love number and the conventional Love numbers, the application of dislocation theory applied in satellite gravity observations, the coseismic deformations observed by GRACE, and a new method to determine dislocation Love numbers by GRACE. Furthermore, some advanced theoretical and cases studies are introduced to illustrate how dislocation theory is important in interpret geodetic data, or invert seismic slip for co- and post-seismic processes, using seismic and geodetic data. Final remarks are given in the last section, with discussions, conclusions, comments on existing problems, and expected methods to solve them.     

中国海陆莫霍面及深部地壳结构特征——以阿尔泰—巴士海峡剖面为例

中国海陆莫霍面及深部地壳结构特征研究是东亚地区宏观构造格架研究中的重点内容之一.本文以地震测深等数据为约束信息,以重力数据为基础,通过分区计算,反演了中国海陆莫霍面深度.依据地壳性质与莫霍面深度分布特征,划分了莫霍面深度梯级带与分区,并对各分区的莫霍面分布特点进行了归纳、总结.并选取阿尔泰—巴士海峡典型剖面进行了重、震反演,建立了密度结构.剖面上莫霍面深度和深部结构能够清晰地反映中国大陆"三横、两竖、两三角"构造格架中的两横和两竖,在昆仑—秦岭—大别以北的准噶尔地块和中朝地台莫霍面深度45~50 km,而其以南至贺兰山—龙门山之间的祁连、柴达木至松潘—甘孜的莫霍面呈"W"型起伏,莫霍面深度由祁连地块北部的50 km,加深至68 km,在柴达木盆地抬升至58 km,在阿尼玛卿山莫霍面降至68 km,向南逐渐抬升至四川盆地的44 km,经大兴安岭—太行山—武陵山这一竖的台阶式抬升至华南褶皱带的35 km,在江绍—南岭以南缓慢抬升至南海北部陆架区的20~25 km.在巴士海峡处南海沿马尼拉海沟向东俯冲,莫霍面形态较复杂.同时剖面上祁连—柴达木地块的中下地壳存在一个低速、低密度体,推测其可能是由于部分熔融引起的,是青藏高原东北缘壳内物质流动的通道.     

Avoidable Euler Errors – the use and abuse of Euler deconvolution applied to potential fields

Window‐based Euler deconvolution is commonly applied to magnetic and sometimes to gravity interpretation problems. For the deconvolution to be geologically meaningful, care must be taken to choose parameters properly. The following proposed process design rules are based partly on mathematical analysis and partly on experience.

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A search for atmospheric effects on gravity at different time and space scales

We investigate in this paper various approaches to correct gravity changes for the effect of atmospheric pressure changes. Two specific locations are considered: Strasbourg (France) as mid-latitude station, where regular pressure fronts occur and Djougou (Benin) as equatorial station with large thermally driven S₁ and S₂ waves of planetary extent. We first review the classical approaches based on a constant or frequency-dependent admittance using only local pressure and gravity data. We consider then a model of atmospheric loading and show the barometric admittance in terms of elastic, Newtonian and total load, as a function of the distance from the station. We consider both a 2D pressure model (surface loading) and a 2.5D model, where the density decreases with height (standard atmosphere). Assuming horizontal advection in the atmospheric dynamics, we convert this spatially dependent admittance into a frequency-dependent admittance. Using global pressure data from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) at about 12 km spatial resolution and 3 h sampling, we compute the model-predicted pressure admittance for Djougou and Strasbourg and we simulate the frequency dependence inferred from gravity and pressure observations below 4 cycle per day. A long gravity and pressure data set (1996–2013) from Strasbourg is used to investigate the low frequency part of the pressure admittance while a common 2.5 year data set (August 2010–February 2013) for Strasbourg and Djougou is then analyzed to investigate the high frequency part of the admittance. In both cases, our results are in close agreement with the predictions inferred from an atmospheric 2.5D loading model with a distance–time relationship due to horizontal advection. The frequency dependence of the barometric admittance is explained by the competing contributions of Newtonian attraction and elastic surface deformation according to the distance from the gravimeter. In the far field (low frequencies), the magnitude of the admittance decreases with frequency because of the combined elasticity effect and Newtonian attraction (when the atmosphere is below the horizon) while, on the contrary, in the near field (high frequencies), elasticity becomes negligible and the pressure admittance mainly decreases with increasing frequency because of the decreasing attraction effect of the atmospheric masses inside the cylindrical pressure cell centered on the sensor location of decreasing radius. In the last part, we show that there is variability in time in the pressure admittance for both stations.     

航空重力测量数据向下延拓方法比较

首先介绍了空中重力异常向下延拓的直接代表法、正则化法、点质量法和基于球内Dirichlet问题的调和解法,分析了它们各自的特点.然后利用这些方法对中国大同航空重力测量数据进行向下延拓计算.通过对延拓结果与地面实测数据的比较分析,比较客观地评价了不同延拓方法的计算精度、可靠性及适应性.实际计算结果表明,直接代表法和正则化法的延拓结果具有较高的精度和可靠性,而球内Dirichlet问题调和解法的精度较差.     

基于变差函数的插值方法计算华北地区重力场变化

定点重复重力测量是获取区域重力场变化的主要手段之一, 重力场特征与地形起伏、 构造走向等因素相关。 以华北地区为例, 考虑区域内地形和构造的北东向分布规律, 从EGM2008重力模型中拟合各向异性变差函数参数, 利用变差函数网格化插值, 对华北地区2009—2013年期间重力场观测数据进行网格化重建, 获取华北地区重力场时空变化结果。 研究结果表明基于区域地形、 构造特征的各向异性变差函数插值方法, 获得的空间重力场变化在重力异常梯级带上更加明显, 重力变化与活动构造分布具有更好的一致性。 本文研究方法对于恢复区域时空重力场异常具有重要意义, 有助于提高应用重力资料划分潜在地震危险区空间位置的精度, 为华北地区震情研判和构建地震预报定量指标体系提供可靠的地球物理场数据。     

震前重力扰动与台风引起的重力扰动主频率特征分析

基于中国大陆构造环境监测网络的连续重力观测数据, 对于田M_S7.3地震、 鲁甸M_S6.5地震、 景谷M_S6.6地震和皮山M_S6.5地震前几天的重力扰动信号主频率特征及2014年台风“威马逊”、 “麦德姆”和“黄蜂”引起的重力扰动主频率特征进行了研究。 结果表明: 震前重力扰动信号和台风引起的重力扰动信号频率范围很接近, 对应周期为4~7 s, 单从频率大小无法对两者进行区分; 在不受台风影响的情况下, 不同台站震前重力扰动信号主频率极差和标准差均小于0.02 Hz, 而台风引起的不同台站重力扰动信号主频率极差和标准差均大于0.02 Hz; 通过主频率极差和标准差这两个指标可以很好地将震前重力扰动与台风引起的重力扰动进行有效区分, 这将大大推进连续重力观测在强震短临监测中的应用, 为构建地震预报定量指标体系提供相关依据。     

Relationship between the regional tectonic activity and crustal structure in the eastern Tibetan plateau discovered by gravity anomaly

The eastern Tibetan plateau has been getting more and more attention because it combines active faults, uplifting, and large earthquakes together in a high-population region. Based on the previous researches, the most of Cenozoic tectonic activities were related to the regional structure of the local blocks within the crustal scale. Thus, a better understanding of the crustal structure of the regional tectonic blocks is an important topic for further study. In this paper, we combined the simple Bouguer gravity anomaly with the Moho depths from previous studies to investigate the crustal structure in this area. To highlight the crustal structures, the gravity anomaly caused by the Moho relief has been reduced by forward modeling calculations. A total horizontal derivative (THD) had been applied on the gravity residuals. The results indicated that the crustal gravity residual is compatible with the topography and the geological settings of the regional blocks, including the Sichuan basin, the Chuxiong basin, the Xiaojiang fault, and the Jinhe fault, as well as the Longmenshan fault zone. The THD emphasized the west margin of Yangtze block, i.e., the Longriba fault zone and the Xiaojiang fault cut through the Yangtze block. The checkboard pattern of the gravity residual in the Songpan-Garze fold belt and Chuandian fragment shows that the crust is undergoing a southward and SE-directed extrusion, which is coincident with the flowing direction indicated from the GPS measurements. By integrating the interpretations, the stepwise extensional mechanism of the eastern Tibetan plateau is supported by the southeastward crustal deformation, and the extrusion of Chuandian fragment is achieved by Xianshuihe fault.