利用改进的遗传算法对红外影像自适应目标进行检测

针对红外影像背景复杂、噪声污染严重的特点,提出了一种基于训练样本的形态学背景估计方法,并将其应用于天空背景下的小目标检测及复杂自然背景下的人物目标检测实验。实验结果表明,改进的遗传算法不仅有效地改善了其过早收敛的缺陷,还增强了算法的局部探索能力,可消除复杂自然背景的影响,并可以有效地抑制椒盐噪声,检测结果的查准率和虚警率均有很大改进。     

顾及单木三维形态的无人机立体影像单木识别算法

单木参数对当前的森林资源管理、生态研究以及生物多样性保护等具有重要意义。无人机立体影像数据与单木识别算法为单木参数的低成本、自动化获取提供了基础。现有研究表明,常用的基于局部最大值搜索的单木识别算法面对密集林分时存在严重的漏识别问题,影响了参数提取的精度,因此本文提出了顾及单木三维形态的无人机立体影像单木识别新算法。算法首先综合利用无人机立体影像的高程与RGB光谱信息,通过随机森林分类进行林冠区的提取;然后利用形态学的多层腐蚀、膨胀与连通区标记进行树冠相连单木的分离与树冠中心点的提取,从而实现单木自动化识别。本文选取内蒙古大兴安岭林区和四川王朗林区的4块样地进行验证,以目视解译数据为参考,分别与基于高程值的局部最大值搜索算法（算法A）、基于RGB光谱亮度值的局部最大值搜索算法（算法B）进行比较。结果显示：本文提出的算法在4个样地的平均F1-score为94.17%,与算法A和算法B相比分别提高了15.85%和9.37%;而对于密集样地,本文提出的算法在查全率上相比算法A和算法B分别提高51.79%和35.64%。结果表明本文提出的算法在不同林区均能够实现较好的单木识别效果,特别是能够有效避免密集林分下的漏识别问题,为基于无人机立体影像的单木识别研究提供了一种新的思路。     

遥感图像村级道路提取方法研究

对高分辨率遥感图像0.64~0.72μm波段灰度图进行直方图拉伸增强对比度,通过设立阈值分割图像得到二值图,再基于数学形态学消除噪声填充孔洞。然后,利用软件进行自动矢量化。实验证明,该方法能有效处理遥感图像,已达到提取高分辨率遥感图像中村级道路的目的。     

基于IDL的岛屿岸线及港口码头的人工智能提取

岛屿岸线的确定是海岛地物信息遥感调查中重要的一步,对舟山岙山岛的Quickbird高分辨率遥感影像进行地物地理信息分析,提取出岛屿岸线及港口码头的空间基本地物特征,在此基础上运用面向对象分类方法和数学形态学的知识,在ENVI＋IDL图形图像处理平台上实现对岛屿岸线及港口码头的自动提取,提取结果与实际情况基本符合,并且可以为人工智能提所有海岛地物信息的取做准备。     

Sipunculus nudus Linnaeus, 1766 (Sipuncula): cosmopolitan or a group of pseudo‐cryptic species? An integrated molecular and morphological approach

Sipunculan taxonomy relies on a limited set of external morphological and internal anatomical characters. In addition, this marine group is characterized by an unusual large number of putatively cosmopolitan species. However, this ‘cosmopolitan’ status could be an artifact of their conserved morphology and the small number of unambiguous taxonomic characters available for delimiting species. Species delimitation can therefore be aided by molecular techniques. We investigated the case of the widespread and common species Sipunculus nudus Linnaeus, 1766 to determine its systematic validity. We analysed the morphology of multiple specimens of S. nudus collected from 11 localities around the world and undertook phylogenetic analyses using molecular sequence data from four genes (28S rRNA, 16S rRNA, histone H3 and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I). High levels of genetic differentiation are present between distantly related populations of the putative species S. nudus. Five distinct lineages were identified by phylogenetic analyses, three of which – the best‐represented populations – can be distinguished morphologically. Our phylogenetic and morphological analyses thus do not favor the cosmopolitan status of S. nudus, suggesting instead that it constitutes a complex of morphologically similar but distinguishable species.     

潜水埋深对疏叶骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifoli)幼苗生长和叶片形态的影响

研究了潜水埋深(40、80、120、180、220cm)处理对一年生疏叶骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifoli)幼苗生长和叶片形态的影响。结果表明:随着潜水埋深的增加,疏叶骆驼刺幼苗叶片厚度逐渐增加,叶片厚度在220cm埋深下最大,长度和宽度在120cm埋深下最大,且叶片长度呈优先减小的趋势;潜水埋深变化对疏叶骆驼刺株高生长影响不大,但对冠幅和分枝数的生长影响显著(p0.05);除40cm埋深处理中根系以平均1.24cm·d-1的速率扎入地下水层外,其他4个处理根系生长速率随潜水埋深的增加而增加,且180cm和220cm埋深下根系生长速率明显高于其他3个处理;根系到达220cm潜水埋深的时间为123d;幼苗生物量积累随着潜水埋深变化先增加后减小,茎叶生物量在120cm埋深处理中达到最大值,而根系生物量在180cm埋深下最大。潜水埋深变化对疏叶骆驼刺地上部分和根系生长的影响不同,潜水埋深增加有利于根系生长和根系生物量增加;以120cm为拐点,潜水埋深过浅或过深都会抑制地上部分生长;220cm潜水埋深条件下,疏叶骆驼刺生长缓慢且生物量的累积最小,表明若潜水埋深大于220cm则对幼苗生长不利。     

珠江三角洲地区城镇化与生态韧性的耦合协调研究

Urban resilience is an emerging research topic of urban studies, and its essence is described by the ability of cities to resist, recover, and adapt to uncertain disturbances. This paper constructs a "Size-Density-Morphology" urban ecological resilience evaluation system, uses a coupling coordination degree model to measure the degree of coupling coordination between urbanization and ecological resilience in the Pearl River Delta from 2000 to 2015, and conducts an in-depth discussion on its spatiotemporal characteristics. The results show the following.(1) From 2000 to 2015, the urbanization level of cities in the study area generally increased while the level of ecological resilience declined. The coupling coordination degree between the two systems decreased from basic coordination to basic imbalance.(2) In terms of spatial distribution, the coupling coordination degree between urbanization and ecological resilience of cities presented a circular pattern that centered on the cities at the estuary of the Pearl River and increased toward the periphery.(3) Ecological resilience sub-systems played variable roles in the coupling coordination between urbanization and ecological resilience. Specifically, size resilience mainly played a reverse blocking role;the influence of morphology resilience was generally positive and continued to increase over time;the effect of density resilience was positive and continued to decline and further became negative after falling below zero. The main pathways for achieving coordinated and sustainable development of future urbanization and ecological resilience in the Pearl River Delta include: leading the coordinated development of regions with new urbanization, improving ecological resilience by strictly observing the three areas and three lines, adapting to ecological carrying capacity, and rationally arranging urban green spaces.     

五种管口类纤毛虫的形态学研究

管口目纤毛虫由于个体微小且大部分种类缺乏现代分类学的研究,是纤毛门中较混乱的类群之一。为进一步了解其形态性状的种群间差异,借助显微活体观察及蛋白银染色法对采自青岛、湛江和香港近岸的斯雷腹沟虫(Coeloperix sleighi)、尖绒毛虫(Microxysma acutum)、乙状轮毛虫(Trochilia sigmoides)、阿氏直毛虫(Orthotrochilia agamalievi)和近岸类偏体虫(Agnathodysteria littoralis)5种管口类纤毛虫进行了形态学再研究,依据新采集种群,对其活体形态和纤毛图式特征进行补足性描述。结果发现,斯雷腹沟虫、乙状轮毛虫和阿氏直毛虫的形态性状极为稳定,而新采集的尖绒毛虫和近岸类偏体虫种群在伸缩泡数目上同前人描述略有差异。     

Taxonomic description of a new marine ciliate,Euplotes qingdaoensis n. sp. (Ciliophora: Euplotida)

The characteristics and infraciliature of a new euplotid ciliate,Euplotes qingdaoensis n.sp.,discovered from the coastal waters of Jiaozhou Bay,northern China,were studied using live observation and silver impregnation.The new marine species is characterized by a slightly fl attened body(90–110 μm×70–80 μm,in vivo),an adoral zone of 26–29 membranelles,10 strong frontoventral and fi ve transverse cirri,two caudal cirri,a single left marginal cirrus,seven dorsal kineties,a middle kinety with about 15 pairs of basal bodies,a silverline system of the double-eurystomus type,and a C-shaped macronucleus.     

Determining openness and energy filtering in coastal areas using geographic information systems

The filter factor is a type of wave fetch index for whole coastal areas used to describe the sheltering effect from islands. Apart from fetch, it also includes the cross-sectional areas between the studied area and the surroundings. Previously, the filter factor has shown correlation with, e.g., bottom dynamic conditions and deep water exchange, but has been difficult to calculate. In this paper, it is shown how to calculate the filter factor using modern Geographic Information System (GIS) software. Different aspects of the filter factor, such as the used number of lines, maximum line length, etc., were investigated using data from Swedish coastal areas. Possible improvements and simplifications were found that can both increase the correlation with bottom dynamic conditions and deep water exchange, but also substantially decrease the computation time. An alternative approach that calculates the proportion of islands in the outside region was also developed and tested with good results.