海藻栽培——传统方式及其改造途径

目前所有的海藻栽培技术和方法都是以在对藻类个体和群体的了解为基础的,这就是传统海藻栽培业的基础和出发点.现代生命科学和生物技术的进展和进步已使陆地的农业和医学大为受益,但传统的海藻栽培业还很少应用这些最新的科技成果.实际上自从建立以来最基本的栽培技术没有发生大的变化,这是因为在相当长时期内海藻栽培在技术上比较保守,有许多有待解决的问题,其中最主要的有六个方面.新的栽培种类需要增加,新的技术需要发展和应用,存在的问题需要得到解决和改进.本文就传统海藻栽培业中当前存在的主要问题,可能的改造途径以及它未来的发展方向进行了讨论.     

Biomass and carbon storage of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis （Rhodophyta） in Zhanshan Bay,Qingdao, China

Marine macroalgae can absorb carbon and play an important role in carbon sequestration. As an important economic macroalga, Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis has the potential to significantly affect carbon absorption and storage in wave-sheltered intertidal reef systems. However, detailed knowledge on seasonal biomass changes and carbon storage of G. lemaneiformis is lacking, especially in many small and scattered ecosystems. Considering the influence of human activities on wild distribution of G. lemaneiformis, the understanding of seasonal dynamics of an economically important species in nature is necessary. In this study, we first investigated seasonal variations in biomass, coverage area, and carbon storage during low tide from August 2011 to July 2012 in Zhanshan Bay, Qingdao, China. Furthermore, we estimated the carbon storage potential of wild G. lemaneiformis using light use efficiency(LUE). The results show that the standing biomass and coverage area changed significantly with season. However, seasonal variations in carbon content and water content were not obvious, with an average content of 35.1% and 83.64%, respectively. Moreover, carbon storage in individual months varied between 0.67 and 47.03 g C/m 2, and the value of carbon storage was the highest in August and June and the lowest in February. In Zhanshan Bay, LUE of G. lemaneiformis was only 0.23%. If it is increased to the theoretical maximum(5%–6%), the carbon storage will have an increase of at least 21 times compared with the current, which suggested that carbon storage of wild G. lemaneiformis had a high enhancement potential. The study will help to assess a potential role of G. lemaneiformis in reducing atmospheric CO2.     

正交设计法提取江蓠高活性膳食纤维

采用正交设计法 ,研究了江蓠高活性膳食纤维的提取工艺条件 ,筛选出江蓠碱处理和漂白的最佳工艺条件 ,提取出江蓠高活性膳食纤维。结果表明 ,江蓠高活性膳食纤维的产率达 2 8.3% ,颜色较白 ,膳食纤维干基质量分数达 92 .83% ,钙质量分数 1.0 8% ,磷质量分数 0 .0 6 8% ,膨胀力为 9.0 m L / g,持水力为 82 5% ,质量和功能性指标远远超过西方国家麸皮膳食纤维的标准 (膳食纤维干基质量分数 4 7%、膨胀力 4 m L/ g、持水力 4 0 0 % )     

Cloning and analysis of phycoerythrin genes inGracilaria Lemaneiformis (Rhodophyceae)

Cloning and sequencing of the genes coding for the α- and β- subunit of phycoerythrin (PE) of a red alga—Gracilaria lemaneiformis (GL) are reported. Alignment of 1084 nucleotides sequenced with three known red algal PE genes,Rhodella violacea (RV),Polysiphonia boldii (PB) andAglaothamnion neglectum (AN), showed high level of conservation, and similarities of 77,6% (between GL and RV), 77.9% (GL and AN) and 79.0% (GL and PB). The similarities of amino acids were 84.8% (between GL and RV), 85.7% (GL and PB), and 80.6% (AN and GL), higher than those among nucleotides. Project 39670405 supported by NSFC and Japanese Science Promotion Society (JSPS).     

大型海藻龙须菜凋落物分解对水质的影响

大型海藻龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)规模栽培具有重要的经济和环境效益, 但藻体的凋落分解会对栽培区和邻近海域水环境造成一定影响。为探讨龙须菜凋落对水环境的影响, 本文通过45d的室内受控实验, 评估了龙须菜凋落分解过程中水体溶解氧和氮、磷的含量变化。结果发现, 干龙须菜实验组在实验期内水体溶解氧浓度显著降低(较对照组降低了82.81%); 水体氮、磷浓度显著提高, 总氮、总磷浓度较对照组分别上升了161.78%和759.93%。鲜龙须菜+海水+沉积物组在实验前中期(第0~21天)水体溶解氧浓度持续降低(较对照组降低了53.92%), 但在21d后又逐渐恢复至对照组水平; 其水体氮、磷浓度在实验中末期亦显著提高, 分解过程总氮、总磷浓度分别较对照组上升了36.65%和177.80%, 水体氮、磷变化曲线较干龙须菜组平缓且迟滞。鲜龙须菜凋落分解过程中的营养盐释放率低于干龙须菜, 沉积物对鲜龙须菜的分解及氮、磷和碳释放有促进作用, 但对干龙须菜的分解及氮、磷和碳释放有一定程度的减缓作用。龙须菜失重率、分解速率及营养盐释放率均呈现如下规律: 干龙须菜+海水组>干龙须菜+海水+沉积物组>鲜龙须菜+海水+沉积物组>鲜龙须菜+海水组。依据上述结果, 建议在龙须菜规模栽培和收获过程中应及时打捞脱落或衰老藻体, 尤其对已收获的大型海藻应妥善处理, 避免大型海藻腐烂而导致水体污染。     

New phenomenon in early development of sporelings in Gracilaria asiatica Chang et Xia （Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta）

1 INTRODUCTION The red alga Gracilaria belongs to Gracilari- aceae, Gigartinales, Florideophyceae, and includes over 100 recorded species, wildly distributing in tropical and temperate regions (Oliveira and Plastino, 1994), and is useful for producing val…     

海黍子和脆江蓠对重金属锌、镉富集的比较研究

采用室内培养实验方法,研究了褐藻海黍子(Sargassum muticum)和红藻脆江蓠(Gracilaria chouae)在不同质量浓度的锌和镉溶液里15 d,藻体的生长和体内金属离子含量的变化。结果表明:两种藻的生长速率与暴露溶液金属质量浓度呈负相关,藻体内积累金属离子的量和溶液的金属质量浓度呈正相关,藻体内金属离子的含量均在培养3 d后显著增加,且随着培养时间的延长而持续增加。海黍子和脆江蓠对重金属Zn~(2+)的富集能力明显高于对Cd~(2+)的富集能力,在相同条件下,海黍子对重金属Zn~(2+),Cd~(2+)的积累量明显高于脆江蓠。以上研究结果对利用藻类修复重金属污染的海洋水体能起到一定的指导和参考作用。     

RAPD技术在龙须菜遗传多样性研究中的应用 Ⅰ总DNA的提取及RAPD反应条件的优化

比较两种从龙须菜中提取总ＤＮＡ的方法,这两种方法得到的染色体ＤＮＡ具有较好的完整性,从ＤＮＡ的产量、蛋白质含量等指标可以看出,ＣＴＡＢ法优于蛋白酶Ｋ法。实验对龙须菜ＲＡＰＤ反应条件进行了优化：在２５μＬ反应体系中,含有Ｍｇ２＋２．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,ｄＮＴＰ１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,总ＤＮＡ２５ｎｇ,引物０．２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ和Ｔａｑ酶１Ｕ,经９４℃变性１ｍｉｎ,３５℃退火１ｍｉｎ,７２℃延伸２ｍｉｎ,３５个循环,得到稳定的ＲＡＰＤ扩增图谱。     

龙须菜藻体匍匐组织的生理特性与功能研究

于１９９２年９月－１９９４年８月,在模拟潮间带生态条件的培养过程中,对龙须菜生长和发育的过程进行长期的连续性观察研究。研究中发现,以往被称为“固着器”的藻体匍匐组织具有特殊生理特性;它是孢子萌发后首先形成的部分,是直立藻体产生的基础;当夏末和深冬季节到来时,直立藻体通常成熟,放散孢子后逐渐衰退,这种趋势从藻体尖端开始逐渐向基部发展,最终保留匍匐组织度过逆境。待温度适宜时又从匍匐组织上萌生新的直立枝     

江蓠属藻胆体的研究 Ⅱ.藻胆体的荧光光谱特性

报道以青岛野生型龙须菜（ｗｔ）、黄色突变体（ｙｅ１００）、４株绿色突变体（ｇｒ１８０、ｇｒ１８４、ｇｒ１８６、ｇｒ１８８）、委内瑞拉野生型龙须菜（ｌｖ）、南非野生型龙须菜（ｓａ）及真江蓠（ｇａ）为材料,用蔗糖密度梯度离心法得到完整的藻胆体。用５４０ｎｍ激发,野生型的荧光发射峰位于５７８ｎｍ和６７０ｎｍ,相对荧光强度ＦＡＰＢ／ＦＰＥ的比值为１．５０。几种材料的ＰＥ和ＡＰＢ荧光发射峰没有明显区别（不超过２ｎｍ）,但两峰荧光强度比值显著差异。结果显示ｌｖ的ＦＡＰＢ／ＦＰＥ比值最低,只有１．２０,ｇｒ１８６的比值最高,为５．６７,野生型中ｓａ也比较高,为４．７９。用６７０ｎｍ激发,野生型龙须菜的荧光社发光谱有５个峰,分别为４９９ｎｍ、５４０ｎｍ、５６８ｎｍ、６１４ｎｍ、６５０ｎｍ,与其吸收光谱一一对应。野生型和突变体、不同产地龙须菜及真江蓠的荧光发射峰的波长都与其吸收光谱相对应。