中华绒螯蟹鳃上皮Na+-K+-ATPase性质的研究

本文研究了中华绒螯蟹鳃上皮Na^ -K^ -ATPase的性质，并比较了各对鳃丝Na^ -K^ -ATPase的活性大小。结果表明：中华绒螯蟹鳃上皮Na^ -K^ -ATPase的最适温度为40℃，温度高于45℃时酶活急剧下降；最适pH为8．0，并且其活力对pH的变化非常敏感，当pH小于7．5或大于8、25时酶活急剧下降；最适底物和Na^-，K^ ，Mg^2 浓度分别为1．5，75，15，6mmol／l；反应介质中乌本苷浓度达到2mmol／l时，Na^ -K^ -ATPase的活力完全被抑制；中华绒螯蟹后3对鳃丝Na^--K^ -ATPase的活力极显著高于前5对鳃丝的酶活力。     

不同温度对方斑东风螺生理代谢的影响

为了研究温度对方斑东风螺(Babylonia areolata)能量收支的影响,作者采用室内静水法,分析了不同养殖水体温度条件下方斑东风螺幼螺的摄食率、排粪率、耗氧率、排氨率、黏液排泄率的变化规律。结果表明,方斑东风螺摄食率、排粪率、耗氧率和排氨率均随温度升高呈现先上升后下降趋势。其中各温度处理组摄食率差异显著(P<0.05),在23℃时最低为2.548±0.093mg/(g/h),29℃时最高为4.958±0.150 mg/(g/h);排粪率为1.695±0.037～2.892±0.074 mg/(g/h),在29℃时达到最高;耗氧率在29℃时最高为0.437±0.054mg/(g/h), 23℃时最低为0.202±0.027 mg/(g/h);在本实验条件下,方斑东风螺排氨率为0.009±0.001～0.025±0.003mg/(g/h),各温度处理组间均有显著差异(P<0.05),且在29℃时最高为0.025±0.003 mg/(g/h)。黏液排泄率在23℃时最高为0.030±0.001 mg/(g/h),显著高于其他各温度组(P<0.05)。基于不同温度下能量...     

3种免疫途径对嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗保护作用的影响

应用间接ELISA方法,研究经嗜水气单胞菌疫苗浸泡、口服、注射免疫后鳜皮肤、肠道黏液和血清中抗体的变化关系,揭示鳜对3种免疫途径的免疫应答效果。结果显示:黏液抗体产生快(7 d达到峰值),但持续时间短,抗体水平低(213);血清抗体产生慢(28 d方达峰值),但持续时间长,抗体水平高(225)。不同方式免疫鳜后均产生远高于对照组的抗体滴度(P<0.05)。注射组产生的抗体水平高(225),免疫保护率最理想(70.6%);口服组相对另两个实验组,其抗体峰值(215)和免疫保护率(41.2%)均较低;浸泡组在皮肤黏液产生水平和溶菌酶含量方面,产生较好的免疫效应,分别为213和178μg/mL,但相对保护率仅为47.1%,低于注射组的70.6%。浸泡和口服组可诱发局部黏膜免疫,在抗体动态变化方面表现出相似的规律且峰值时间早于注射组。初步推断浸泡和口服可以直接刺激鱼体黏膜组织产生局部的特异性抗体。     

溶藻弧菌对大黄鱼表皮黏液的黏附特性研究

采用3H-TdR同位素示踪方法研究了溶藻弧菌对大黄鱼表皮黏液的黏附机制.试验结果表明溶藻弧菌经营养饥饿、热处理、抗体处理、蛋白酶及高碘酸处理后黏附作用明显下降;在8种碳水化合物的干扰下溶藻弧菌的黏附作用会有一定程度的变化,其中葡萄糖、果糖、甘露糖能明显促进溶藻弧菌的黏附作用;溶藻弧菌对大黄鱼表皮黏液中较大分子量的物质有较强的亲和力.这些结果表明溶藻弧菌对大黄鱼表皮黏液存在特异性黏附作用,这种黏附与细菌活力、其表面的蛋白类、糖类等物质以及黏液的化学组成都有密切关系.     

Floating mucus aggregates derived from benthic microorganisms on rocky intertidal reefs: Potential as food sources for benthic animals

Mucus films, flocs or foams consisting of fine sand, algae and detritus frequently occur in the surface waters of rocky intertidal reef flats during incoming tide. These masses are referred to as mucus aggregates. We examined the developmental process of mucus aggregates and their abundance, distribution, migration and trophic composition. The trophic composition of mucus aggregates was then compared to those of sediments to evaluate their potential nutritional value for benthic animals. The organic matter content, chlorophyll a concentration, microalgal density and bacteria-derived fatty acid contents of mucus aggregates were higher than those observed in sediment, suggesting that mucus aggregates contain not only high levels of organic matter but also dense concentrations of microalgae and bacteria; therefore, mucus aggregates may serve as a qualitatively more energetic food source for benthic fauna compared to sediments. Benthic diatoms were the most abundant organisms in mucus aggregates. Large numbers of diatoms were trapped in fine mineral particles and mucilage-like strings, suggesting that a portion of the mucus is secreted by these benthic microalgae.Mucus aggregate accounted for only 0.01-3.9% of the daily feeding requirements of the dominant detritivore, Ophiocoma scolopendrina (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) over the entire sampling area. In contrast, for the species population on the back reef, where mucus aggregates ultimately accumulate, mucus aggregates provided from 0.4 to 113.3% of food for this species. These results suggest that mucus aggregate availability varies spatiotemporally and that they do not always provide adequate food sources for O. scolopendrina populations.     

A limnological study of four lakes near Rotorua

Four lakes (Okataina, Rotoehu, Ngapouri and Okaro), near Rotorua, New Zealand, were studied in 1960–66 and their physical features noted. The seasonal changes in water temperature and heat budgets throughout the depth of the lakes were followed through several cycles, and differences between lakes correlated with the altitude and size. The status of the lakes ranged from oligotrophic to eutrophic; changes in values for dissolved oxygen, both diurnal and seasonal, are interpreted in terms of their primary production. The partition of some dissolved substances during thermal stratification and immediately after overturn is described and the biological consquences are noted. The hypolimnetic oxygen deficit, however, was found to be correlated with primary production only when a depth factor was incorporated in the expression.

The data were compared with those from lakes in other parts of the world. The value of various published correlations with biological production is discussed; a possible explanation is put forward for the comparatively high heat budget of Lake Okataina.     

大菱鲆幼鱼鳃小叶软骨组织的超微结构研究

利用电镜技术研究了大菱鲆(Scopthalmus maximus)幼鱼鳃小叶软骨组织的细胞超微结构。研究表明。鳃小叶软骨细胞呈近似的椭圆状，电子密度较低，细胞间有大量的胶原蛋白结构。软骨细胞分为3种类型：新生软骨细胞、成熟软骨细胞和衰老软骨细胞。幼稚软骨细胞体积较小，细胞核较大，具有1个核仁；胞内有丰富的粗面内质网，线粒体数量不多且体积较小；成熟软骨细胞和核的体积均庞大，具有1个核仁；可见少量的粗面内质网和线粒体；衰老软骨细胞细胞核收缩或消失。胞质中出现许多不规则空泡，细胞器很少。细胞间丰富的胶原蛋白结构使鳃小叶软骨组织具有良好的弹性。     

Adhesion of pathogenic Vibrio alginolyticus to the gill mucus of Pseudosciaena crocea

Adhesion of Vibrio alginolyticus to the gill mucus of Pseudosciaena crocea has been investigated using [methyl—3H]thymidine as isotope tracer. The results showed that: the adhesive quantity of V. alginolyticus increased with bacterial concentrations and reached equilibrium after incubated for 180 min; the higher adhesive quantity was obtained at 15~30 ℃ and sourish conditions; adhesion of V. alginolyticus could not achieved without Na , and Ca2 played an auxiliary role in the bacterial adhesion; adhesion of V. alginolyticus was inhibited remarkably by starvation, heat treatment and periodic acid treatment; all of the eight kinds of carbohydrates investigated enhanced the adhesion of V. alginolyticus to the gill mucus of P. crocea, among them, glucose, mannose, fructose and maltose showed the specially enhanced adhesion. The results indicated that V. alginolyticus could adhere to the gill mucus of P. crocea facilely in seawater, and this bacterial adhesion was influenced by environmental factors and closely related to superficial carbohydrate structures and some heat-sensitive structures.     

Identification and characterization of the Vibrio anguillarum prtV gene encoding a new metalloprotease

We cloned and sequenced a prtV-like gene from Vibrio anguillarum M3 strain.This prtV gene encodes a putative protein of 918 amino acids,and is highly homologous to the V.cholerae prtV gene.We found that a prtV insertion mutant strain displayed lower gelatinase activity on gelatin agar,lower protease activity against azocasein,and lower activity for four glycosidases.This prtV mutant strain also had increased activity for two esterases in its extracellular products,as analyzed by the API ZYM system.In additi...