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941.
Measuring Seismic Waves Induced by Large Earthquakes with GPS 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Independent GPS position solutions at 1-sec interval, derived from the International GPS Service (IGS) data and orbit÷clock products, clearly show seismic waves generated by the magnitude 7.9 Denali Fault, Alaska earthquake of November 3, 2002. Surface seismic waves with periods of about 20 sec and amplitudes of up to 20 cm were detected up to 4,000 km from the epicenter. This confirms the previous findings reported by Larson et al. (2003); we use additional station data along with different processing software and strategies. The seismic waves from the May 26, 2003 magnitude 7.0 Japanese earthquake were also observed in the 1-sec position solution series at station MIZU, about 80 km from the epicenter. This earthquake, however, could not be detected by GPS at station USUD, about 410 km away. Similarly, the Algerian May 21, 2003 earthquake of magnitude 6.8 could not be detected by GPS at the nearest IGS station located approximately 800 km from the epicenter. 相似文献
942.
943.
无锡市数字遥测地震台网是按照无锡市防震减灾十年目标纲要建设的,目前已正式投入运行。我局综合各方专家意见和资料,对台网的组成,台站的布局、选择、建设取得了一些经验。总结建设的体会,供其它台网建设时参考。 相似文献
944.
The modern transportation facilities demand that the bridges are to be constructed across the gorges that are located in seismically active areas and at the same time the site conditions compel the engineers to rest the pier foundation on soil. The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of soil–structure interaction (SSI) on the peak responses of three-span continuous deck bridge seismically isolated by the elastomeric bearings. The emphasis has been placed on gauging the significance of physical parameters that affect the response of the system and identify the circumstances under which it is necessary to include the SSI effects in the design of seismically isolated bridges. The soil surrounding the foundation of pier is modelled by frequency independent coefficients and the complete dynamic analysis is carried out in time domain using complex modal analysis method. In order to quantify the effects of SSI, the peak responses of isolated and non-isolated bridge (i.e. bridge without isolation device) are compared with the corresponding bridge ignoring these effects. A parametric study is also conducted to investigate the effects of soil flexibility and bearing parameters (such as stiffness and damping) on the response of isolated bridge system. It is observed that the soil surrounding the pier has significant effects on the response of the isolated bridges and under certain circumstances the bearing displacements at abutment locations may be underestimated if the SSI effects are not considered in the response analysis of the system. 相似文献
945.
以农安幅1:20万综合水文地质图空间数据库的建立为例,介绍了利用GIS建立空间数据库的全过程。讨论了建库过程中的主要操作步骤、方法和一些值得注意的问题。着重讨论在图形数据采集及建立空间属性数据库时,如何保证图形的数学精度,如何使拓扑结构合理,以及如何使属性联接正确。 相似文献
946.
地球空间信息科学之刍议 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
童庆禧 《地理与地理信息科学》2003,19(4):1-3
地球空间信息科学是地球科学、空间科学和信息科学交叉渗透发展的结果。它由地球空间信息理论、地球空间信息技术和地球空间信息应用等三个部分组成。它的主要研究方向是从空间信息流的角度揭示和认识地球系统,特别是地球表层系统的现象和过程,地球各圈层相互作用的时空特征。地球空间信息科学在国家和区域的可持续发展及资源、环境和人口的协调发展中具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
947.
介绍了地理信息系统开发的技术路线,阐述了建立地理信息系统过程中,如何解决系统模型建立、系统的空间坐标系统、数据质量问题和系统的质量体系等重要问题。 相似文献
948.
The peculiar rainfall pattern in Indiarenders the country highly vulnerable to floods. Forty million hectares of land, roughlyone-eighth of the country's geographical area, is prone to floods. Each year, floods cause extensive damage to life and property, losses being exacerbated by rapid population growth, unplanned development and unchecked environmental degradation. The country has been tackling the problem through structural and non-structural measures. While non-structural measures like flood forecasting aim at improving the preparedness to floods by seeking to keep people away from floodwaters, structural measures involve the construction of physical structures like embankments, dams, drainage channels, and reservoirs that prevent floodwaters from reaching potential damage centres. Almost 48% of the vulnerable area has been provided with reasonable protection, though floods continue to cause widespread losses year after year. This paper examines the incidence of floods and the trends in consequent losses in the eastern region of the country – one of the most vulnerable – with the objective of studying the efficacy of flood protection measures in the region. Based on a simple regression exercise for three highly vulnerable states in the region, the paper argues that flood protection measures have been inadequate in controlling losses and reducing vulnerability. Regressions for the three states over the period 1971 to 1996 indicate that the level of protection is an insignificant explanatory variable in explaining the number of people (adjusted for increases in density) affected by floods; while area affected, as an indicator of the intensity of floods remains the main loss-determining factor. 相似文献
949.
The purpose of this report is to explain geochemical and stable isotopes trends in the Brazilian unit of the Guarani Aquifer
System (Botucatu and Piramboia aquifers) in S?o Paulo State, Brazil. Trends of dissolved species concentrations and geochemical
modeling indicated a significant role of cation exchange and dissolution of carbonates in downgradient evolution of groundwater
chemistry. Loss of calcium by the exchange for sodium drives dissolution of carbonates and results in Na–HCO3 type of groundwater. The cation-exchange front moves downgradient at probably much slower rate compared to the velocity of
groundwater flow and at present is located near to the cities of Sert?ozinho and águas de Santa Barbara (wells PZ-34 and PZ-148,
respectively) in a shallow confined area, 50–70 km from the recharge zone. Part of the sodium probably enters the Guarani
Aquifer System. together with chloride and sulfate from the underlying Piramboia Formation by diffusion related to the dissolution
of evaporates like halite and gypsum. High concentrations of fluorine (up to 13.3 mg/L) can be explained by dissolution of
mineral fluoride also driven by cation exchange. However, it is unclear if the dissolution takes place directly in the Guarani
Aquifer System or in the overlying basaltic Serra Geral Formation. There is depletion in δ
2H and δ
18O values in groundwater downgradient. Values of δ
13C(DIC) are enriched downgradient, indicating dissolution of calcite under closed system conditions. Values of δ
13C(DIC) in deep geothermal wells are very high (>–6.0‰) and probably indicate isotopic exchange with carbonates with δ
13C about –3.0‰. Future work should be based on evaluation of vertical fluxes and potential for penetration of contamination
to the Guarani Aquifer System.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
950.
降雨量作为水资源评价和管理的一个重要参数,长期以来,均采用多年平均值,但由于大气降雨的灾变性,这种平均值即不能客观地反映未来降雨量,更不能代表某一指定年份的降雨量,它实际上是一种建立在算术概率基础上的以数字表示的定性方法。为解决这一问题,本文利用灰色系统理论的灾变预测方法对山东省滕州市西部平原地区不同年份的降雨量进行预测,并通过预测建立该区地下水资源管理模型,主要由三部分组成:即①降雨预测系统;②水资源供需平衡系统;③水资源管理系统。 相似文献