辽宁鞍山市岫岩县泥石流区域危险性评价

本文以岫岩县作为研究区域，以自然流域作为评价单元格，采用人工神经网络对该区泥石流的区域危险性进行评价。结果显示，三级以上危险区囊括了99％的泥石流灾害点，评价结果符合实际情况。以流域作为评价单元充分体现了泥石流发生的空间特征和物理机制，危险性区划图直观明了。可为防灾减灾规划提供科学依据。     

金沙江下游水电工程区岸坡变形破坏基本特征

通过野外调研和综合分析,发现金沙江下游宜宾—白鹤滩段水电工程库区长约410km的沿江地带发育了349个变形破坏体(滑坡、崩塌和变形体),总体积31.49×108m3,其中体积大于1 000×104m3的崩滑体有51个。岸坡变形破坏密度和线模数分别为0.35个/km和316.95×104m3/km。结合金沙江干流岸坡地质环境条件,统计研究了金沙江下游水电工程区岸坡变形破坏基本特征及其与所赋存的地层岩性、地质构造、地形条件、岩体结构和近期河流地质作用等要素的关系,为水能资源梯级开发工程的规划设计提供了地质依据。     

水下岩质边坡稳定性计算模式的探讨

论文讨论了水下岩质边坡稳定性分析中平面型滑动及其边坡后缘出现拉张裂缝等两种计算模式，着重分析了水下岩质边坡的受力机理，推导了考虑动水的水流速度及不同的滑动面倾角等水下岩质边坡稳定性评价公式，得到了岩质边坡稳定系数与水流速度的关系曲线和岩质边坡稳定系数与滑动面夹角的关系曲线。通过实例计算，讨论了水下岩质边坡后缘出现拉张裂缝后稳定性评价的主要影响因素及其变化规律。当考虑水流速度对边坡的作用时，边坡的稳定性明显下降。     

坡面泥石流活动与降水之间的关系初探——以重庆北碚地区为例

文章从坡面泥石流的形成条件入手，结合重庆北碚地区地质地貌和气象条件，分析了该地区从1962-2003年发生的坡面泥石流的数据及降雨资料，认为在该区域，降水是诱发坡面泥石流的决定性因素。通过对具体坡面泥石流事例的分析，认为坡面泥石流的发生与前期降雨量和短历时雨强关系密切，前期降雨量对泥石流形成的贡献比较大，短历时雨强主要起到激发作用，当短历时雨强指数〉550时，应发出泥石流危险警报。最后利用发生坡面泥石流前3日累计降雨量和当日前期降雨量，得出了该区域降水诱发坡面泥石流的临界雨量方程。     

高边坡岩体卸荷带划分的量化研究

边坡卸荷及其卸荷带是西南地区高边坡一种常见的现象，对岩石边坡稳定性及其它岩石工程问题有重要的影响。在分析目前卸荷带划分方法的基础上，根据卸荷带的形成机理及地质表现，提出了用裂隙率、张开裂隙率和“隙宽和”3个量化指标进行卸荷带的划分。结合实际工程，进行了大量的现场裂隙测量，分析结果表明，3个量化指标对卸荷带的强弱有较好的响应关系，作为卸荷带划分的量化指标具有较好的可操作性。进一步，结合卸荷带的地质特点，提出了所研究的具体工程其卸荷带划分的建议方案。     

陈家大院边坡稳定性研究

从研究区域的地质环境出发,分析了工程区域的地貌地质特征,由此获得符合实际的计算模型,在此基础上对在重力场作用下的边坡稳定性进行了有限元的模拟分析,同时采用了不同的计算方法对不同工况条件下的滑坡稳定性进行了计算,并得出了一些结论和建议。     

锦屏一级水电站左坝肩边坡开挖三维有限元分析

应用3Dσ软件对锦屏一级水电站左坝肩高边坡开挖过程进行三维有限元模拟,并对左坝肩缆机平台以上边坡和拱肩槽边坡的应力、位移情况进行详细的模拟。模拟结果表明:开挖坡面产生不同程度的张拉应力区域;缆机平台和拱肩槽槽坡底部产生一些竖直方向的回弹变形和水平向坡外的变形;5#梁山脊在拱肩槽开挖后将产生进一步的卸荷松弛,表层岩体稳定性将可能恶化,F42 9断层以上的大块岩体将是一个潜在的威胁,这些区域是逐级开挖过程中边坡支护设计的重点。     

Avalanche Defence Strategies and Monitoring of Two Sites in Mountain Permafrost Terrain, Pontresina, Eastern Swiss Alps

Snow-supporting avalanche defence structures are increasingly being built at high altitudes in potential permafrost areas. Special construction methods and guidelines have been developed to ensure a minimal stability of the structures, which have a vital role in the protection of underlying settlements and transport infrastructure against snow avalanches. If the avalanche slopes are located on ice-rich permafrost terrain, as is the case in a steep avalanche gully above Pontresina (Eastern Swiss Alps), other means of protection must be used – such as deflection or retention dams – as construction on ice-rich sediments can be very problematic. Experimental snow-supporting structures were built in 1997 in order to test different types of structures and their foundations, to develop specially adapted construction methods and to monitor the long-term behaviour of the structures in moderately creeping frozen ground with volumetric ice contents under 20%. Snow-nets were found to be the most suitable type of protection against avalanches in this type of permafrost terrain due to their deformability and because they are well adapted to rock fall. The structures do not improve slope stability but contribute towards maintaining permafrost as they delay snow melt by modifying the spatial and temporal distribution of the snow cover. The results of the project described have led to a better understanding of permafrost-related avalanche defence problems.     

Factors influencing determination of shale classification indices and their correlation to mechanical properties

The influence of sample preparation procedure on the measured classification indices such as clay-size fraction, liquid limit, and plastic limit of shales was investigated. Shale samples covering a wide range of composition and plasticity were tested using standard and modified preparation procedures to yield quantitative data required for this investigation. The study specifies the range of shale plasticity in which the measured values of clay-size fraction and liquid limit are sensitive to hydrometer specimen size and rehydration time, respectively. The study also revealed that the degree of shale particle disaggregation has an important influence on the measured clay-size fraction and liquid limit. This influence is maximized for shales with intermediate plasticity and can be interpreted in terms of particle size and shape. Correlations were established between classification indices derived from standard and modified sample preparation procedures. It is recommended to use these correlations to adjust shale classification indices derived from standard sample preparation procedures usually utilized by commercial laboratories. Such correlations help in creating a universally followed procedure for better estimation of shale engineering properties and reliable interpretation of case histories involving shale formations.     

Water infiltration characteristics of unsaturated soil slope and its effect on suction and stability

Rainfall has been considered the cause of the majority of slope failures and landslides that happened in regions experiencing high seasonal rainfalls. The mechanism of the failures was mainly due to the lost of matric suction of soils by rainwater. This paper presents the results of a laboratory model study on the effect of slope angle and surface cover on water infiltration into soil and soil matric suction. A field infiltration test is carried out for comparison. A parametric study is also done to examine the effect of permeability ratio, development of perched water table and rainfall intensity on the factor of safety against instability of a soil slope. Results of the model study show that different surface covers on slopes have an effect on the water infiltration. Generally the covered surface (grass or geosynthetic net) has a lower infiltration rate compared with the bare (no cover) surface. On the effect of slope angle, it was observed that water infiltration decrease with increase in the slope steepness. With regards to the movement of the wetting front, it appears that water infiltration is more at the toe compared with the top of the model slope. Based on the parametric study, it is found factor of safety of the slope against instability drops for slope with higher ratio of permeability for the permeable and impermeable stratum. As the perched water table is formed, the factor of safety decreased. The rainfall intensity also has a marked effect on the slope factor of safety. The higher the intensity of the rainfall, the higher is the infiltration rate into the soil, hence the lower is the factor of safety against slope instability.