新城－黄陂走滑韧性剪切带的动力分异作用

本文通过对新城－黄陂断裂带中合河－殷店右行走滑韧性剪切带内糜棱岩类岩石化学成分、稀土元素及微量元素随Ｓｓ－Ｓｃ夹角和古差异应力（△δ）的变化梯度的研究，初步探讨了右行走滑韧性剪切带的动力分异作用。     

遗传算法在非线性地下水经济管理模型中的应用

通常采用基于梯度的数学规划方法求解地下水管理模型,如线性规划和非线性规划。但对于高度非线性、非凸的优化问题,尤其是涉及到经济或环境的地下水管理模型,传统方法难以有效地寻找全局最优解。本文介绍了一种求解非线性地下水资源管理模型的遗传算法,并以山东羊庄盆地分布参数地下水系统非线性管理模型为例,给出了用遗传算法在求解这类问题的一般步骤。结果表明该方法能快速有效地找到全局最优解。     

抚顺地区砬子山杂岩体地质特征及成因

砬子山岩体出露于华北地台抚顺—清原古隆起带与吉黑地槽的相接部位。砬子山岩体是由石英闪长岩、似斑状石英二长岩、二长花岗岩和碱长花岗岩构成的杂岩体。4个岩性不同的侵入体构成连续的中-酸性钙碱岩石序列。岩体的地质特征、地球化学特征表明4个侵入体是同源岩浆不同演化阶段的产物。岩浆的演化机制为深部岩浆分异作用,岩浆则是来源于下部地壳。     

横断山区植物区系的基本特点

横断山区植物区系的基本特点为,植物种类多,古老植物多,特有植物多,地理成分复杂,各地理成分联系复杂,植物分化强烈。     

基于动力统计模型重构的副热带高压中长期预报

基于T106数值预报产品500 hPa位势高度场序列,用EOF方法对位势场序列进行时、空分解,在考虑相邻时段位势场空间模态基本稳定的前提下,引入动力系统重构的思想,以EOF分解的空间模态时间系数序列作为动力统计模型变量,用遗传算法全局搜索和并行计算优势,进行了模型参数的优化反演,建立了EOF分解的时间系数的非线性预报模型。通过模型积分和EOF的时、空重构,实现了副热带高压活动场的中长期预报。试验结果表明,在短期预报(1—5 d)该模型与T106模式的预报效果大致相当;但对于中长期预报(≥5 d),其预报效果优于T106预报产品;特别是10 d以上的预报结果对副热带高压的形态和范围仍然能较为准确地描述。该研究方法对副热带高压等复杂天气系统和要素场预报提供了一种新的思路。     

基于遗传算法的叠前地震波形反演构建虚拟井曲线

叠前地震波形反演能够提供详细的地下地层特征，但由于其计算量大、数据和模型之间的非线性、目标函数的多极值和反演结果的多解性使叠前地震反演的实施成为一大难点。本文通过叠前和叠后混合反演技术采用遗传算法实现了深海无井地震反演。遗传算法思想简单、易于实现和使用、具有隐含并行性和全局搜索能力等优点，基于遗传算法的叠前地震波形反演得到了与井中实际数据基本吻合的速度和密度数据。     

Adakitic Dacites Formed by Intracrustal Crystal Fractionation of Water-rich Parent Magmas at Nevado de Longavi Volcano (36{middle dot}2{degrees}S; Andean Southern Volcanic Zone, Central Chile)

The mid-Holocene eruptive products of Nevado de Longavívolcano (36·2°S, Chile) are the only reported occurrenceof adakitic volcanic rocks in the Quaternary Andean SouthernVolcanic Zone (33–46°S). Dacites of this volcano arechemically distinct from other evolved magmas of the regionin that they have high La/Yb (15–20) and Sr/Y (60–90)ratios and systematically lower incompatible element contents.An origin by partial melting of high-pressure crustal sourcesseems unlikely from isotopic and trace element considerations.Mafic enclaves quenched into one of the dacites, on the otherhand, constitute plausible parental magmas. Dacites and maficenclaves share several characteristics such as mineral chemistry,whole-rock isotope and trace element ratios, highly oxidizingconditions (NNO + 1·5 to >NNO + 2, where NNO is thenickel–nickel oxide buffer), and elevated boron contents.A two-stage mass-balance crystal fractionation model that matchesboth major and trace elements is proposed to explain magmaticevolution from the least evolved mafic enclave to the dacites.Amphibole is the main ferromagnesian phase in both stages ofthis model, in agreement with the mineralogy of the magmas.We also describe cumulate-textured xenoliths that correspondvery closely to the solid assemblages predicted by the model.We conclude that Nevado de Longaví adakitic dacites arethe products of polybaric fractional crystallization from exceptionallywater-rich parent magmas. These basaltic magmas are inferredto be related to an exceptionally high, but transient inputof slab-derived fluids released from serpentinite bodies hostedin the oceanic Mocha Fracture Zone, which projects beneath Nevadode Longaví. Fractional crystallization that is modallydominated by amphibole, with very minor garnet extraction, isa mechanism for generating adakitic magmas in cold subductionzones where a high flux of slab-derived fluids is present. KEY WORDS: adakite; amphibole; Andes; differentiation; Southern Volcanic Zone     

The Role of Pressure in Producing Compositional Diversity in Intraplate Basaltic Magmas

Basaltic magmas found in intraplate suites appear to followmore than one differentiation trend. Many ocean island suitesfollow the ocean island tholeiitic trend, with the basalts differentiatingfrom olivine tholeiite through basaltic andesite, andesite,and dacite to sodic rhyolite. Many continental intraplate magmaticregimes, such as those of the Snake River Plain and the plutonicsequences associated with massif anorthosites, follow the potassicsilica-saturated alkalic trend, in which basalt differentiatesfrom olivine tholeiite through ferrobasalt (jotunite or ferrodiorite),Fe-rich intermediate rocks (trachybasalt or monzonite), andtrachyte (syenite) to potassic rhyolites and granites. Crystallizationexperiments on an olivine tholeiite from the Snake River Plainshow that the basaltic portions of the ocean island tholeiitictrend and the potassic silica-saturated alkalic trend (whichleads to strong alkali, P, Ti, and Fe enrichment and silicadepletion) can arise from the same ‘dry’ tholeiiticparental magma. These compositional differences are inducedby changes in phase equilibria as a function of pressure, withthe ocean island tholeiitic series arising from crystal–liquiddifferentiation at low pressure and the potassic silica-saturatedalkalic series arising via differentiation at elevated pressures. KEY WORDS: tholeiite differentiation; experimental petrology; phase equilibria; ferrodiorite; ferrobasalt     

津巴布韦大岩墙南段两翼铬铁矿床特征及成因探讨

津巴布韦大岩墙蕴含丰富的铬铁矿资源，不同部位成矿特征存在差异。钙碱性铁质基性-超基性岩浆结晶分异过程中伴随着铬铁矿的成矿作用，南部岩浆房两翼300 m深度范围内共赋存7个不连续的铬铁矿层，矿层垂向间距30~50 m，南部矿层发育优于北部；铬铁矿层厚度多为0.2~1 m，铬铁矿层发育于辉橄岩系和辉石岩系的接触部位，三者呈渐变式过渡接触，共同构成典型的韵律结构；两翼矿层产状呈对称状倾向于岩墙的轴部，倾角约为10°~20°；矿石多为自形-半自形微细粒结构，稀疏浸染状及中等浸染状构造，矿石为需选贫铬矿石，w（Cr₂O₃）=5%~30%，且矿体内Pt+Pd含量可观。大岩墙南段两翼铬铁矿为典型的早期岩浆结晶分异矿床，后期构造运动加剧了矿层的不连续性，并对局部岩矿层产状产生改造，蛇纹石化蚀变形成了指示矿体的标志性斑杂构造岩。     

滇东北山原县域土地分级与土地分类──以会泽县为例

将滇东北山原内会泽县土地按复合土地系统、土地系统、土地单元三级,划分为6个复合土地系统、20个土地系统和128个土地单元,分析了复合土地系统的自然特征.