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861.
Estimating vertical velocity in the oceanic upper layers is a key issue for understanding ocean dynamics and the transport
of biogeochemical elements. This paper aims to identify the physical sources of vertical velocity associated with sub-mesoscale
dynamics (fronts, eddies) and mixed-layer depth (MLD) structures, using (a) an ocean adaptation of the generalized Q-vector form of the ω-equation deduced from a primitive equation system which takes into account the turbulent buoyancy and momentum fluxes and
(b) an application of this diagnostic method for an ocean simulation of the Programme Océan Multidisciplinaire Méso Echelle
(POMME) field experiment in the North-Eastern Atlantic. The approach indicates that w-sources can play a significant role in the ocean dynamics and strongly depend on the dynamical structure (anticyclonic eddy,
front, MLD, etc.). Our results stress the important contribution of the ageostrophic forcing, even under quasi-geostrophic
conditions. The turbulent w-forcing was split into two components associated with the spatial variability of (a) the buoyancy and momentum (Ekman pumping)
surface fluxes and (b) the MLD. Process (b) represents the trapping of the buoyancy and momentum surface energy into the MLD
structure and is identified as an atmosphere/oceanic mixed-layer coupling. The momentum-trapping process is 10 to 100 times
stronger than the Ekman pumping and is at least 1,000 times stronger than the buoyancy w-sources. When this decomposition is applied to a filamentary mixed-layer structure simulated during the POMME experiment,
we find that the associated vertical velocity is created by trapping the surface wind-stress energy into this structure and
not by Ekman pumping. 相似文献
862.
863.
Linear combinations of order statistics to estimate the quantiles of generalized pareto and extreme values distributions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
G. Salvadori 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2003,17(1-2):116-140
Ad hoc techniques for estimating the quantiles of the Generalized Pareto (GP) and the Generalized Extreme Values (GEV) distributions
are introduced. The estimators proposed are based on new estimators of the position and the scale parameters recently introduced
in the Literature. They provide valuable estimates of the quantiles of interest both when the shape parameter is known and
when it is unknown (this latter case being of great relevance in practical applications). In addition, weakly-consistent estimators
are introduced, whose calculation does not require the knowledge of any parameter. The procedures are tested on simulated
data, and comparisons with other techniques are shown.
The research was partially supported by Contract n. ENV4-CT97-0529 within the project “FRAMEWORK” of the European Community – D.G. XII. Grants by “Progetto Giovani Ricercatori” are also acknowledged. 相似文献
864.
一种基于多项式外推的局部透射边界位移解(外行波为平面波情形) 总被引:3,自引:4,他引:3
基于外行波局部法向透射概念,从多项式外推的角度,结合一维和广义二维几何解释,推导建立了外行波为平面波时,人工边界节点位移解的计算公式。对该位移解的精度进行了时域分析,论证了该位移解收敛于数值精确解的必要条件和线性外推位移解的精度与数值精确解匹配的充要条件。在此基础上提出了一次“精确”透射的概念和相应的数学方法,实现了该位移解逼近于数值精确解的优化计算。 相似文献
865.
866.
Pekka Heinämäki Harry J. Lehto Mauri J. Valtonen & Arthur D. Chernin 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,298(3):790-796
We have studied the structure of chaos in three-body dynamics using the concept of intermittency, implying that violent states of a system alternate in time with quasi-regular states producing together a non-stationary and evolving pattern of unpredictable behaviour. Computer simulations are produced to demonstrate explicitly sporadic short violent bursts in quasi-regular hierarchical states of the systems. This is seen both in orbits and in the long time series generated by the system. The time series prove to be similar in shape to what is observed in various physical experiments with laboratory chaotic systems when they reveal the so-called type-III intermittency. The new effective methods of time series analysis enable us to discover a strange attractor with a fractal dimension slightly above 2. This shows that three-body dynamics has the same intrinsic qualitative structure and quantitative measure of chaos as the widely known chaotic system, the Lorenz attractor. 相似文献
867.
极值分布和P-III型分布线性矩法在区域洪水频率分析中的检验 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
以江西省和福建省的86个水文站的年最大洪水资料为样本,在成因水文分区———模糊聚类法的基础上,采用线性矩区域综合方法进行区域洪水频率分析,并选用两种区域洪水分布线型:通用极值分布(GEV)、P-III型分布来检验这两省的洪水特性。结果表明,P-III型分布优于GEV分布。 相似文献
868.
The performance of the L-curve criterion and of the generalized cross-validation (GCV) method for the Tikhonov regularization
of the ill-conditioned normal equations associated with the determination of the gravity field from satellite gravity gradiometry
is investigated. Special attention is devoted to the computation of the corner point of the L-curve, to the numerically efficient
computation of the trace term in the GCV target function, and to the choice of the norm of the residuals, which is important
for the Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) in the presence of colored observation noise. The
trace term in the GCV target function is estimated using an unbiased minimum-variance stochastic estimator. The performance
analysis is based on a simulation of gravity gradients along a 60-day repeat circular orbit and a gravity field recovery complete
up to degree and order 300. Randomized GCV yields the optimal regularization parameter in all the simulations if the colored
noise is properly taken into account. Moreover, it seems to be quite robust against the choice of the norm of the residuals.
It performs much better than the L-curve criterion, which always yields over-smooth solutions. The numerical costs for randomized
GCV are limited provided that a reasonable first guess of the regularization parameter can be found.
Received: 17 May 2001 / Accepted: 17 January 2002 相似文献
869.
870.