A spectral approach to simulating intrinsic random fields with power and spline generalized covariances

This article presents a variant of the spectral turning bands method that allows fast and accurate simulation of intrinsic random fields with power, spline, or logarithmic generalized covariances. The method is applicable in any workspace dimension and is not restricted in the number and configuration of the locations where the random field is simulated; in particular, it does not require these locations to be regularly spaced. On the basis of the central limit and Berry–Esséen theorems, an upper bound is derived for the Kolmogorov distance between the distributions of generalized increments of the simulated random fields and the normal distribution.     

加入地形改正的卫星影像多项式模型研究

本文针对一般多项式只适用于平坦地区或垂直成像卫星影像正射纠正的不足,根据摄影测量理论中地形起伏产生的像方位移可以用特定的数学公式表达的特点,在多项式纠正方法中引入投影差改正,实现了更精确的微分多项式纠正。文章首先分析了地形起伏引起像点位移原理,在此基础上建立了高程改正的卫星影像多项式模型,设计并实现了修正后的模型的定向方法及正反算算法。实验表明该模型较一般多项式模型X方向上精度有很大提高,适用于山区卫星影像纠正。     

基于FGHT的SAR影像形状检测算法

形状检测在目标识别中有着重要作用。广义Hough变换(GHT)具有很好的全局特性,是常用的目标形状检测算法。但由于SAR影像具有强噪声等特点,常用的广义Hough变换算法可能会产生定位不准确的问题,甚至会出现错检的情况。文中将GHT中投票不集中的区域看做"模糊投票点",构造了隶属函数,并据此设计了模糊广义Hough变换算法(FGHT),通过优化参考点的位置达到检测结果精确定位的目的。实验对比证明,该算法在强噪声情况下具有更好的鲁棒性。     

关于建立天津滨海新区地面沉降值内插模型的探讨

利用多面函数法、加权平均法、线性内插和双线性多项式内插等方法,建立内插模型计算未知点地面沉降值,并进行精度分析。     

Normalization of Hamiltonian in the Generalized Photogravitational Restricted Three Body Problem with Poynting–Robertson Drag

We have performed normalization of Hamiltonian in the generalized photogravitational restricted three body problem with Poynting–Robertson drag. In this problem we have taken bigger primary as source of radiation and smaller primary as an oblate spheroid. Whittaker’s method is used to transform the second order part of the Hamiltonian into the normal form.      

Stationarity is undead: Uncertainty dominates the distribution of extremes

The increasing effort to develop and apply nonstationary models in hydrologic frequency analyses under changing environmental conditions can be frustrated when the additional uncertainty related to the model complexity is accounted for along with the sampling uncertainty. In order to show the practical implications and possible problems of using nonstationary models and provide critical guidelines, in this study we review the main tools developed in this field (such as nonstationary distribution functions, return periods, and risk of failure) highlighting advantages and disadvantages. The discussion is supported by three case studies that revise three illustrative examples reported in the scientific and technical literature referring to the Little Sugar Creek (at Charlotte, North Carolina), Red River of the North (North Dakota/Minnesota), and the Assunpink Creek (at Trenton, New Jersey). The uncertainty of the results is assessed by complementing point estimates with confidence intervals (CIs) and emphasizing critical aspects such as the subjectivity affecting the choice of the models’ structure. Our results show that (1) nonstationary frequency analyses should not only be based on at-site time series but require additional information and detailed exploratory data analyses (EDA); (2) as nonstationary models imply that the time-varying model structure holds true for the entire future design life period, an appropriate modeling strategy requires that EDA identifies a well-defined deterministic mechanism leading the examined process; (3) when the model structure cannot be inferred in a deductive manner and nonstationary models are fitted by inductive inference, model structure introduces an additional source of uncertainty so that the resulting nonstationary models can provide no practical enhancement of the credibility and accuracy of the predicted extreme quantiles, whereas possible model misspecification can easily lead to physically inconsistent results; (4) when the model structure is uncertain, stationary models and a suitable assessment of the uncertainty accounting for possible temporal persistence should be retained as more theoretically coherent and reliable options for practical applications in real-world design and management problems; (5) a clear understanding of the actual probabilistic meaning of stationary and nonstationary return periods and risk of failure is required for a correct risk assessment and communication.     

广域多项式在扰动引力场逼近中的应用

利用广域多项式对某块区域扰动引力进行逼近计算时,需要用到与主域单元相接的24个次域单元节点值,当单元位于研究区域顶点等特殊位置时,不能利用所有次域单元节点,因而出现逼近精度降低的现象。针对此情况,比较了广域多项式与反距离加权两种方法的精度与效率,并提出改进,改善逼近效果。     

Born-series approximation to volume-scattering wave for piecewise heterogeneous media

An efficient approximate scheme is presented for wave-propagation simulation in piecewise heterogeneous media by applying the Born-series approximation to volume-scattering waves. The numerical scheme is tested for dimensionless frequency responses to a heterogeneous alluvial valley where the velocity is perturbed randomly in the range of 5 %–25 %, compared with the full-waveform numerical solution. Then, the scheme is extended to a heterogeneous multilayered model by calculating synthetic seismograms to evaluate approximation accuracies. Numerical experiments indicate that the convergence rate of this method decreases gradually with increasing velocity perturbations. The method has a fast convergence for velocity perturbations less than 15 %. However, the convergence becomes slow drastically when the velocity perturbation increases to 20 %. The method can hardly converge for the velocity perturbation up to 25 %.     

广义S变换域有色噪声与信号识别方法

为研究广义S变换域有色噪声与信号识别问题,首先推导白噪声在S变换和广义S变换下平均功率谱的统计规律,白噪声的平均功率谱与频率呈线性关系. 然后从理论上定性分析一般的有色噪声功率谱的分布特性,得出在广义S变换域有色噪声的功率谱服从自由度为2的χ2分布的规律, 并用Monte Carle方法进行了验证. 在上述工作基础上,本文提出了利用噪声和有效信号统计特性的差别,在广义S变换域中区分噪声和信号的方法,并用模型数据证明了方法的有效性.     

基于混沌加权一阶局域法的IGS超快星历钟差预报

为提高IGS超快星历钟差预报产品的精度,针对卫星钟差数据具有确定项和随机项成分的特点,在采用多项式模型对钟差确定项建模的基础上,提出采用混沌加权一阶局域法对钟差随机项进行建模预报。仿真结果表明,采用混沌加权一阶局域法的预报精度优于超快星历钟差预报产品。