与经典插值问题相关的矩阵论

从数值线代数的角度研究其数值性态:给出几条扰动定理,讨论如何选取插值节点,并列出几点应用。     

海洋平台输液管道振动流特性研究

该文研究了海洋平台输液管道振动流的行为特性。依据振荡流体力学基本原理 ,建立了输液管道非定常、不可压缩、粘性振动流的物理模型和数学模型。推导出了关于流场速度、压力系数的微分方程组 ,得到了不同条件下流动的速度和压力分布。结果表明流体诱发的海洋平台输液管道振动流的行为特性受管道结构形状及流体性质的影响。比较等截面管道的变分解和数值解 ,说明本文所选用的方法用于研究海洋平台输液管道振动流是有效的。     

利用小波包分析和混沌特征提取进行船舶辐射噪声分类

基于船舶辐射噪声信号具有非线性、非平稳的特征，提出采用提取船舶辐射噪声信号的非线性混沌特征量和多尺度小波能量特征，并将两者综合作为特征参数输入神经网络分类器进行船舶分类识别。实验结果表明，该方法能较好地区分不同类型的船舶。     

和田泉水涌出量的混沌特性分析与预测

应用功率谱分析及混沌理论对和田 12 号泉水涌出量进行判定分析,结果表明该泉水的流量具有混沌特性.并在此基础上,应用改进的最大 Lyapunov 指数模型对该泉水流量进行了预测,取得了比较理想的效果,为研究及合理利用该地区地下水资源提供了新的依据.     

Explicitly incorporating spatial dependence in predictive vegetation models in the form of explanatory variables: a Mojave Desert case study

Predictive vegetation modeling is defined as predicting the distribution of vegetation across a landscape based upon its relationship with environmental factors. These models generally ignore or attempt to remove spatial dependence in the data. When explicitly included in the model, spatial dependence can increase model accuracy. We develop presence/absence models for 11 vegetation alliances in the Mojave Desert with classification trees and generalized linear models, and use geostatistical interpolation to calculate spatial dependence terms used in the models. Results were mixed across models and methods, but in general, the spatial dependence terms more consistently increased model accuracy for widespread alliances. GLMs had higher accuracy in general.     

Advanced insights into sources of vertical velocity in the ocean

Estimating vertical velocity in the oceanic upper layers is a key issue for understanding ocean dynamics and the transport of biogeochemical elements. This paper aims to identify the physical sources of vertical velocity associated with sub-mesoscale dynamics (fronts, eddies) and mixed-layer depth (MLD) structures, using (a) an ocean adaptation of the generalized Q-vector form of the ω-equation deduced from a primitive equation system which takes into account the turbulent buoyancy and momentum fluxes and (b) an application of this diagnostic method for an ocean simulation of the Programme Océan Multidisciplinaire Méso Echelle (POMME) field experiment in the North-Eastern Atlantic. The approach indicates that w-sources can play a significant role in the ocean dynamics and strongly depend on the dynamical structure (anticyclonic eddy, front, MLD, etc.). Our results stress the important contribution of the ageostrophic forcing, even under quasi-geostrophic conditions. The turbulent w-forcing was split into two components associated with the spatial variability of (a) the buoyancy and momentum (Ekman pumping) surface fluxes and (b) the MLD. Process (b) represents the trapping of the buoyancy and momentum surface energy into the MLD structure and is identified as an atmosphere/oceanic mixed-layer coupling. The momentum-trapping process is 10 to 100 times stronger than the Ekman pumping and is at least 1,000 times stronger than the buoyancy w-sources. When this decomposition is applied to a filamentary mixed-layer structure simulated during the POMME experiment, we find that the associated vertical velocity is created by trapping the surface wind-stress energy into this structure and not by Ekman pumping.     

卫星坐标的内插和拟合

卫星坐标的计算是GPS数据处理的一个基本步骤，影响着GPS数据处理的效率。本文对GPS数据处理中常用的拉格朗日内插和切比雪夫多项式拟合从原理上进行了阐述，并对广播星历卫星坐标计算和精密星历卫星坐标计算进行了分析比较，结合具体算例，得出了几点有意义的结论。     

Linear combinations of order statistics to estimate the quantiles of generalized pareto and extreme values distributions

 Ad hoc techniques for estimating the quantiles of the Generalized Pareto (GP) and the Generalized Extreme Values (GEV) distributions are introduced. The estimators proposed are based on new estimators of the position and the scale parameters recently introduced in the Literature. They provide valuable estimates of the quantiles of interest both when the shape parameter is known and when it is unknown (this latter case being of great relevance in practical applications). In addition, weakly-consistent estimators are introduced, whose calculation does not require the knowledge of any parameter. The procedures are tested on simulated data, and comparisons with other techniques are shown. The research was partially supported by Contract n. ENV4-CT97-0529 within the project “FRAMEWORK” of the European Community – D.G. XII. Grants by “Progetto Giovani Ricercatori” are also acknowledged.     

一种基于多项式外推的局部透射边界位移解(外行波为平面波情形)

基于外行波局部法向透射概念，从多项式外推的角度，结合一维和广义二维几何解释，推导建立了外行波为平面波时，人工边界节点位移解的计算公式。对该位移解的精度进行了时域分析，论证了该位移解收敛于数值精确解的必要条件和线性外推位移解的精度与数值精确解匹配的充要条件。在此基础上提出了一次“精确”透射的概念和相应的数学方法，实现了该位移解逼近于数值精确解的优化计算。