Gas-hydrate promotion by smectite–bioproduct interactions

Gas hydrates accumulate on the Gulf of Mexico seafloor around hydrocarbon seeps in waters sufficiently deep to provide adequate pressure/temperature combinations. High microbial activities occur around the hydrate accumulations. To understand apparent catalytic effects of bioproducts on hydrate formation, the mechanism of sII hydrate nucleation in unconsolidated porous media was investigated in our laboratory. Because smectite clays interacting with biopolymers had been shown to promote laboratory hydrates by decreasing induction times, increasing formation rates and altering morphology, these materials commonly found in near-surface sediments were selected for study as possible nucleating agents. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) with a helium–neon laser was used to measure particle diameters down to about 2 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to verify particle sizes and to give additional information on biopolymer–clay associations. This paper presents evidence that nanometer-sized particles of mineral–bioproduct associations of about 80 nm–450 nm diameter may act as nucleation sites for hydrate crystal initiations in sediments and then remain dispersed throughout the accumulated hydrate mass. Emulsan biopolymer was shown by SEM to apparently unfold and associate with the smectite (nontronite) in a backbone arrangement and to give multiple hydrate nucleation sites along a linear network. SEM and DLS measurements were in agreement on particle sizes and shapes. X-ray diffraction suggested that biopolymer intercalates the smectite interlayer, probably driven by clay associations with biopolymer hydrophilic groups. It is hypothesized that hydrocarbon gases attach to biopolymer hydrophobic fatty-acid branches protruding from clay interlayers and subsequently facilitate hydrate structure formation by interacting with nearby water associated with the hydrophilic segments of the biopolymer.     

海水悬浮物质中脂肪酸的毛细管气相色谱测定

应用毛细管气相色谱和气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析长江口海水悬浮物质中饱和及不饱和脂肪酸。结果表明,该技术具有高分辨率和灵敏度,测试的精密度和准确亦较好。该法一次测定可分别得到饱和、不饱和及支链脂肪酸在海水悬浮物中的含量,适用于海洋有机生物地球化学研究。     

利用半透膜渗透装置富集-超声萃取分析表层沉积物间隙水PCBs的方法

本文建立了半透膜渗透装置(semi-permeable membrane device,SPMD)富集-超声萃取-凝胶渗透色谱净化-气相色谱法测定沉积物间隙水中多氯联苯(PCBs)的方法。比较了有机溶剂透析法与超声萃取法从膜袋内提取PCBs的回收率,发现超声萃取法在节省时间和溶剂方面有明显优势。应用凝胶渗透色谱分离与净化SPMD提取物,收集11—17min的流出液能达到最佳分离效果。基于此方法测定了大连湾沉积物间隙水中自由溶解态PCBs的含量(C_(W-SPMD)),同时又分析了沉积物中PCBs的总量(C_(SED))、间隙水中PCBs的含量(有机碳含量校正法,C_(W-SED))和间隙水中PCBs的总含量(离心法,C_(PW))。结果表明,C_(PW)值显著高于C_(W-SED)和C_(W-SPMD)值。因此,考虑到生物可利用性,无论采用沉积物中或者间隙水中的PCBs总量进行污染物生态风险评价均会造成风险被高估,建议采用间隙水中可溶解态含量。     

龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)多糖的分离纯化及其组成研究

以龙须菜粗多糖为原料,利用离子交换层析分离纯化,紫外光谱、醋酸纤维薄膜电泳和凝胶过滤层析法鉴定多糖的纯度及其分子量,同时进一步采用气相色谱分析龙须菜多糖的单糖组成.结果表明,利用蒸馏水、0.3mol/L NaCl和1.2mol/L NaCl溶液分步洗脱,DEAE-Sephadex A-25离子交换层析纯化得到龙须菜多糖的三个组分G1、G2和G3,得率分别为3.61%、69.26%、18.70%:G1、G2和G3均显示为单一电泳谱带和单一洗脱峰,无蛋白、核酸杂质,分子量依次为21993、48460、61031U;G2和G3的单糖组成主要为半乳糖、3.6-内醚半乳糖及少量葡萄糖;G2糖链通过1→2键与1→6键方式连接,存在非还原末端基及连三羟基,G3糖链则通过1→3键与1→2键方式连接.     

Gas hydrate stability zone modelling in areas of salt tectonics and pockmarks of the Barents Sea suggests an active hydrocarbon venting system

The Barents Sea seabed exhibits an area of major glacial erosion exposing parts of the old hydrocarbon basins. In this region, we modelled the gas hydrate stability field in a 3D perspective, including the effects of higher order hydrocarbon gases. We used 3D seismic data to analyse the linkage between fluid-flow expressions and hydrate occurrences above old sedimentary basin systems and vertical faults. Pockmarks showed a relation to fault systems where some of them are directly connected to hydrocarbon bearing sedimentary formations. The influence of bottom water temperature, pore water salinity and geothermal gradient variation on gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) thickness is critically analysed in relation to both geological formations and salt tectonics. Our analysis suggests a highly variable GHSZ in the Barents Sea region controlled by local variations in the parameters of stability conditions. Recovery of gas-hydrate sample from the region and presence of gas-enhanced reflections below estimated BSR depths may indicate a prevalent gas-hydrate stable condition.     

莱州湾海域水体中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的浓度水平和分布特征

以固相萃取/气相色谱法测定了莱州湾海域水体中22种有机氯农药和多氯联苯类化合物的浓度水平和分布特征。结果表明,莱州湾海域表层水体中有机氯农药浓度范围为N.D.~32.7ng/L,底层水中的浓度范围为N.D.~11.7ng/L。在该海域水体中共检出有机氯农药3种,β-666是水体中主要的有机氯农药污染物。多氯联苯类在底层水样中检出2种,总浓度范围在4.5~27.7ng/L之间。该海域有机氯农药和多氯联苯的分布特征是近岸高,离岸低,由近岸向湾外延伸方向依次递减。并对莱州湾表层水中总有机氯农药与海水盐度、氯度、溶解氧和pH间的关系作了初步探讨,得出总有机氯农药与盐度、氯度间有一定的相关关系,相关系数均为0.59。方法测定5种有机氯农药化合物的空白加标回收率为97.3%~126.0%,相对标准偏差为2.8%~8.6%;测定5种多氯联苯类化合物的空白加标回收率为88.6%~151.8%,相对标准偏差为6.7%~10.4%。     

新型永久性气体分析系统

研究开发了一种新的三柱单阀单检测器通用型永久性气体分析系统。该系统由两根直热式填充毛细管分析柱（５Ａ分子筛及碳分子筛）,一根填充型预柱,一个十通阀和一个热导检测器组成,可用于任何气体样品中Ｏ２、Ｎ２、ＣＯ、ＣＯ２和ＣＨ４的定量分析,单次分析周期小于８ｍｉｎ,最大相对标准偏关小于６％。     

离子色谱法测定煤中的氯

采用离子色谱法测定原煤中的总氯,标准工作曲线的线性范围在０ ．０１ ～２４ ｍｇ／ Ｌ,相关系数为０ ．９９９ ８ ,测定ρ（ Ｃｌ－ ） ＝ １ ．２０ ｍｇ／ Ｌ 的标准溶液１０ 次,ＲＳＤ 为０ ．７７ ％ 。用艾氏卡试剂在８００ ℃±２５ ℃下分解煤样,去离子水浸提后用离子色谱法测定原煤中的总氯。测定了１８ 个煤样中的氯,加标回收率为９７ ．８ ％ ～１０４ ．４ ％ ,与银量滴定法对照,两种方法基本相符。     

确定储集层物性参数下限的一种新方法及其应用--以鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田为例

分布函数曲线法是一种确定储集层物性参数下限的新方法。该方法从统计学角度出发,通过有效含气层与非有效含气层样本分布函数曲线之间的关系确定储集层物性参数下限值,在鄂尔多斯盆地中部气田的实际应用中,效果较好,与采用产能系数法、经验统计法及油田实验测试相比较,得到的结果基本一致,表明这一方法值得进一步推广使用。     

青藏高原多年冻土区天然气水合物的研究前景和建议

天然气将是２１世纪的主要能源品种,作为非常规天然气水合物被誉为２１世纪的新能源。它的研究受到世界上许多国家的高度重视。青藏高原羌塘多年冻土区具备形成重烃类天然气水合物的温度和压力条件,同时可以存在由“自保护效应”引起民的轻烃类天然怕事物。开展青藏高原多年冻土区天然气水合物研究,对我国宏观能源战略决策、开拓新学科 领域和保持人类社会可持续发展的均有重要理论意义和广阔的应用前景。从目前人才结构、资料积