断层蠕滑时空分布的GNSS网络滤波反演

为从现今庞大的GNSS观测网络中快速检测断层蠕滑形变，精细反演蠕滑时空分布及演变特征，提出集GNSS网络滤波、地表形变信息提取和地下断层蠕滑时空分布反演三者于一体的方法。该方法同时采用整个GNSS网络的时空观测阵列，利用断层形变高空间相关的特点，对覆盖断裂带地表的GNSS位移时空序列进行主成分分析，利用主成分信息快速检测并反演蠕滑断层的时空分布与演变过程。以2005年苏门答腊M_W8.6地震震后余滑和2006年墨西哥Guerrero州慢滑移为例，本文方法可成功检测并反演蠕滑断层的时空分布及演变特征，结果与相关研究成果吻合。     

2018年通海两次5.0级地震前GNSS观测异常及震后云南地区的应变变化

基于2018-01以来云南地区GNSS连续观测时间序列，采用克里金插值方法对形变场进行网格化、计算应变，并获取面应变，结合基线数据动态分析两次通海5.0级地震前区域应变场特征和震后云南地区的应变变化情况。结果表明，通海地震前，云南整体区域应变积累存在显著增强的背景，并在震前短期内出现快速反向调整；通海地震后，短期内以腾冲为代表的小滇西地区、大寨-会泽等滇东北地区挤压应变积累出现明显的减弱趋势，滇南地区的勐海-勐腊区域存在压性增强现象。     

极地地区多模GNSS精密单点定位精度分析

基于多模全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）与精密单点定位(PPP)技术,分析极地多模GNSS精密单点定位策略。通过一天一站解和一天多站解,对11种不同导航卫星系统组合下的精密单点定位结果进行实验分析。结果表明：1）各组合中BDS和Galileo组合的定位结果最差,与平均值相比定位精度的差值范围在0.4~1.3 cm之间;2）极地地区各组合N方向收敛时间的平均值为7~11 min,定位精度的平均值优于1.3 cm,明显优于E方向和U方向;3）相同环境下三系统组合较双系统组合在E、N、U方向的收敛时间分别缩短10.3%、14.1%、7.3%,在定位精度上分别提升9.6%、4.6%、11.7%;四系统组合较三系统组合在E、N、U方向的收敛时间分别缩短6.8%、－2.1%、2.0%,在定位精度上分别提升4.9%、－7.1%、5.3%。研究结果表明,三系统组合的定位性能较双系统组合提升明显,四系统组合较三系统组合定位性能改善不明显。     

陆地导航中GNSS单天线姿态测量的误差及精度分析

采用原始多普勒及载波相位导出多普勒观测数据,进行动态环境下单天线测姿性能的实验验证,并对比不同运动状态下载体的测姿精度。结果表明,当载体低速运动时,采用导出多普勒观测值及原始多普勒观测值解算的航向角RMS值均在0.35°以内,俯仰角RMS值均在0.15°以内,且通过载波相位导出多普勒观测值计算的姿态结果相较于原始多普勒观测值更稳定。在直行和转向时,采用导出多普勒观测值计算的航向精度分别在0.15°和0.81°以内,且载体直行时相比于转向时姿态结果的精度更高。     

东北稳定参考框架NEChina20

选用中国地壳运动观测网络（CMONOC）在东北地区2012~2019年的GNSS观测数据,建立东北稳定参考框架（NEChina20）,实现由全球参考框架IGS14到NEChina20的位置坐标转换。NEChina20与全球参考框架IGS14保持坐标系缩放比例一致,两者在历元2020.0对齐。NEChina20的精度（稳定性）在水平方向约为0.5 mm/a, 在垂直方向 约为0.6 mm/a。参考框架的稳定性随时间的推移和覆盖面积的增加而退化,建议NEChina20 的适用范围在时间上限于从2005~2025年约20 a的时间窗口,在空间上限于东北地块及南端的河套断陷带和张家口-渤海断裂带。选用东北地区4个基岩站2000~2019年的GNSS连续观测数据,建立东北地区季节性地面升降模型。NEChina20与该季节性模型相结合,为在东北地区开展长期的、高精度的变形观测构建了基础设施。     

卫星天线相位中心改正模型对参考框架转换中尺度参数的影响分析

计算了7个IGS分析中心第二次重新处理单天解与IGS14之间的尺度参数,并采用极大似然方法对其进行分析,比较两种GNSS卫星天线相位中心改正模型对尺度参数序列噪声模型、平均偏移量、速度及季节性信号的影响。结果表明,所有尺度参数的随机特性均可由白噪声加幂律噪声较好地描述,不同分析中心的尺度参数速度值在-0.22～-0.15 mm/a之间变化,尺度参数的周年信号显著,半周年信号相对较弱;卫星天线相位中心改正模型的变化对尺度参数的平均偏移量影响显著,对其随机特性、速度及季节性信号影响较小。     

Study of hydrological processes by the combination of environmental tracing and hill slope measurements: application on the Haute‐Mentue catchment

The objective of this research is to improve the comprehension of the hydrological behaviour of natural catchments. The main originality of this work is to associate different types of measurement in order to obtain a better vision of hydrological processes responsible for streamflow generation. First, the hydrological behaviour is studied at the catchment scale by the application of environmental tracing. A three‐component mixing model based on the silica and calcium concentrations of water allows one to distinguish the contributions of direct precipitation, soil water and groundwater during flood generation. Despite the different hydrological responses observed between the four subcatchments studied, a common behaviour is apparent. Soil contribution increases with a rise in the basin humidity. The subsurface water dominates the generation of major floods, which occur in wet conditions. In order to discover the processes responsible for the important soil water contributions, a large‐scale time‐domain reflectometry experiment (64 probes) was conducted. On the whole, this experiment indicates that the water flow in soil is spatially quite heterogeneous and depends on local properties. Macropore flows were clearly identified during a rainfall simulator experiment. Preferential flows may be responsible for the important contribution of soil water and the heterogeneity of the soil moisture. In order to test this hypothesis, a dye‐tracing experiment was done. This new investigation confirms that an important part of soil water reaches the stream by preferential flows. So as to synthesize all these observations, a conceptual model is proposed. This model respects both the hydrochemical responses highlighted by the environmental tracing experiment and the observations done at the local scale. This conceptual model suggests that the important contribution of soil water is due to the extent of the hydrographic network and the role of preferential flows. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

GNSS接收机与全站仪控制点恢复测量及精度分析

主要利用GNSS接收机与全站仪对基坑控制点进行恢复测量,GNSS接收机通过RTK技术在基坑周边重新布设5个控制点,利用全站仪假定方向推算出控制点的坐标,并且分析其相对精度。通过实地观测计算分析,推算出的坐标与基坑中心点位置X方向相差5 mm、Y方向相差4 mm,恢复后的控制点能够对其他特征点进行详细测设。利用高精度的0.5″级全站仪进行点位测量精度对比分析,点位精度在2 mm范围之内,可以得出工程单位所用的仪器可满足精度,能够用于此类工程点位测设工作。     

ȫ�򵼺�����ϵͳ�Ľ�չ

?????????????????(GNSS)???GPS??????????????GLONASS???????GALILEO?????????????;????????μ?????????????????????????????????·??Ч??????????????????????????λ?????仯????????λ??????????????????λ????????;??????GPS???????λ(PPP)???????     

Future Satellite Gravimetry for Geodesy

After GRACE and GOCE there will still be need and room for improvement of the knowledge (1) of the static gravity field at spatial scales between 40 km and 100 km, and (2) of the time varying gravity field at scales smaller than 500 km. This is shown based on the analysis of spectral signal power of various gravity field components and on the comparison with current knowledge and expected performance of GRACE and GOCE. Both, accuracy and resolution can be improved by future dedicated gravity satellite missions. For applications in geodesy, the spectral omission error due to the limited spatial resolution of a gravity satellite mission is a limiting factor. The recommended strategy is to extend as far as possible the spatial resolution of future missions, and to improve at the same time the modelling of the very small scale components using terrestrial gravity information and topographic models.We discuss the geodetic needs in improved gravity models in the areas of precise height systems, GNSS levelling, inertial navigation and precise orbit determination. Today global height systems with a 1 cm accuracy are required for sea level and ocean circulation studies. This can be achieved by a future satellite mission with higher spatial resolution in combination with improved local and regional gravity field modelling. A similar strategy could improve the very economic method of determination of physical heights by GNSS levelling from the decimeter to the centimeter level. In inertial vehicle navigation, in particular in sub-marine, aircraft and missile guidance, any improvement of global gravity field models would help to improve reliability and the radius of operation.