连续运行基准站技术在大连工程测量中的应用研究

重点介绍了CORS技术在大连城市工程测量中的应用,分析了CORS的系统组成、工作原理和技术优势等,探讨了CORS技术在大连城市工程测量中的几个主要应用方向：工程控制测量、工程测图、规划定桩及放线、房产地籍测量和建设用地勘测定界等。与传统方法相比,该技术具有较大的优越性和广泛的应用前景。     

全球定位系统的新进展(讲座) 第2讲 导航电文新增参数及相应的算法——从导航电文的变化看GPS系统的进展

介绍了GPS现代化实施后调制在L2C码和L5码上的导航电文CNAV中地球定向参数EOP、卫星导航定位系统之间的时间差参数GGTO、微分改正参数DC和卫星星历参数等新增的参数,以及这些参数相应的算法。     

GNSS信号数字畸变频域模型的建立

从BPSK、BOCs（1,1）以及BOCs（m,n）信号的自相关函数和数字畸变互相关函数出发,推导出BPSK、BOCs（1,1）以及BOCs（m,n）信号数字畸变的互相关功率谱,建立了数字畸变频域模型,通过比较传统数字畸变模型和数字畸变频域模型的测距偏差,证明在分析畸变信号影响时,数字畸变频域模型可以代替传统数字畸变时域模型,从而简化了数字畸变信号影响的分析过程。     

GPS／GLoNASS／GALILEo组合导航DOP值及可用性分析

针对采用单卫星定位系统时,在城市高楼密集区和位于深山峡谷的水库、电站、矿山等环境下,GNSS用户接收到的卫星个数少且卫星分布不佳导致的可用性下降、定位精度较差的问题,提出多系统组合的定位方法。利用GPS、GLONASS及GALILE0系统的轨道参数模拟卫星星座,计算不同卫星高度角下单系统及组合系统的DOP值,根据DOP值分析其可用性。研究表明：在全球时空范围内、相同卫星高度角下,组合系统的可用性高于单系统,三系统组合的可用性高于双系统组合。     

基于电离层电子含量变化率的周跳探测方法

推导了利用GNSS双频数据的基于电离层电子含量(TEC)变化率的周跳探测方法,分析了电离层平静期和活跃期的TEC变化率,并认为对1s采样率的数据来说无论是否发生电磁暴都不影响TEC变化率法的使用,通过实验证明TEC变化率法能对1s采样率数据中的、其它周跳探测方法较难探测的小周跳进行探测,而联合利用TEC变化率法和MW法可对各自不敏感的周跳组合进行有效探测,实验证明:联合法对电离层平静期和活跃期中、采样间隔为1s的数据中的周跳都具有很高的探测成功率。     

PROGRESS IN APPLICATION OF GNSS TO DIVISION OF ACTIVE TECTONIC BLOCKS IN CONTINENTAL CHINA

Chinese scientists proposed that large earthquakes that occurred in mainland China are controlled by the movement and deformation of active tectonic blocks. This scientific hypothesis explains zoned phenomenon of seismicity in space. The active tectonic blocks are intense active terranes formed in late Cenozoic and late Quaternary, and the tectonic activity of block boundaries is the intensest. Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)has advantages of high spatio-temporal resolution, broad coverage, and high accuracy, and is utilized to monitor contemporary crustal deformation. High accuracy and resolution of GNSS velocity field within mainland China and vicinities provided by previous studies clearly demonstrate that different active tectonic blocks behave as different patterns of movement and deformation, and block interaction boundaries have intense tectonic deformation. The paper firstly introduces the GPS networks operated by the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China(CMONOC)since 1999, and GNSS data processing methods, including GAMIT, BERNESE and GIPSY/OASIS, and discusses the advantages of using South China block as a regional reference frame for GNSS velocity field, then proposes three strategies of block division, F-test, quasi-accurate detection(QUAD), and clustering analysis. Furthermore, we introduce rigid and non-rigid block motions. Rigid block motion can be denoted by translation and rotation, while non-rigid block motion can be described by rigid motion and internal strain deformation. Internal strain deformation can be divided into uniform and linear strains. We also review the usage of F-test to distinguish whether the block acts as rigid deformation or not. In addition, combining with recent GNSS velocity results, we elaborate the characteristics of present movement of rigid block, such as the South China, Tarim, Ordos, Alashan, and Northeast China, and that of non-rigid block, such as the Tibetan plateau, Tian Shan, and North China plain. Especially, the Tibetan plateau and Tian Shan seem to deform continuously with significant internal deformation. In order to enrich and perfect the active tectonic block hypothesis, we should carefully design dense GNSS networks in inner blocks and block boundaries, optimize utilizing other space geodesy technologies such as InSAR, and strengthen combining study of geodesy, seismogeology and geophysics. Through systematic summary, this paper is very useful to employing GNSS to investigate characteristics of block movement and dynamics of large earthquakes happening in block interaction boundaries.     

TDR detection of nonaqueous phase liquids in sandy soils using the eigendecomposition method

In this study, the presence of nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPL) in sandy soils are detected using a TDR probe system and the eigendecomposition method of analysis. As a demonstration, five NAPLs with different physicochemical properties (acetone, benzene, heptane, trichloroethylene, and xylene; Table 1) were used. Samples were prepared in such a way that the soil pore fluid has different contents of deionized water and NAPLs. For each experiment, a pulse signal with known characteristics was used and reflected signals were captured by an oscilloscope and analyzed using the eigendecomposition method. Autoregressive modeling and singular value decomposition were used to calculate the eigenvalues. The most significant eigenvalues were identified based on their power spectrum. The relative eigenvalue of the first mode (Eow), which is a measure of the power carried by the signal, was calculated and correlated to NAPL type and content, and octanol water partition coefficient (log Kow). The results indicated that for the same NAPL content, as log Kow increases, Eow decreases due to increase of hydrophobicity. For the same log Kow, as the organic content in soil pore fluid increases, Eow increases due to decrease of dielectric properties of the pore fluids.     

卫星导航系统导航信号与导航电文设计中的时间要素

从时间要素考虑，卫星导航系统如何支持用户对卫星钟误差的改正，如何支持用户进行实时、无整周模糊地伪距测量以及如何支持多系统兼容定位等，是导航信号与导航电文设计中必须解决的问题。本文在对国外卫星导航系统导航信号与电文设计进行分析研究的基础上，对这些问题进行了一些探讨。     

哈尔滨市双星导航服务系统的建设

双星导航系统是将空间技术、现代通信技术、计算机技术、网络技术、测绘技术与气象学、水利学、地震学、城市规划和城市交通等多种学科相结合、相融合的实用化系统。文中介绍了哈尔滨市双星导航系统的建设情况及该系统的性能、特点。     

GNSS掩星探测大气的研究现状及进展

与传统的无线电探空、雷达探测等手段相比,GNSS掩星技术为大气探测提供了一个强有力的工具,其具有无校准、全天候、精度高、垂直分辨率高、全球均匀覆盖等特点.介绍了利用GNSS掩星技术获取地球大气温、压、湿等相关参数大小的研究现状.同时,提出了GNSS掩星技术在气候研究领域的发展方向,将拓宽GNSS掩星技术在全球气候变化研究中的应用.