湿度因子对适应性观测敏感区估算的影响研究

马旭林2008年的基于集合卡尔曼变换适应性观测敏感区的估算方案能得到较为合理的敏感区,但其未考虑湿度因子的影响。在原方案基础上增加了湿度因子,根据计算资料与度量标准的不同,搭建3个方案与其比较,并选用2008年年初冰冻雨雪灾害天气个例进行对比模拟试验。结果表明,原方案的敏感区较为分散,且当目标时刻与验证时刻重合时,存在虚假的信号方差大值区;加入湿度因子后能有效抑制虚假敏感区,改进度量标准后能得到较为理想的结果;若只利用湿度场进行敏感区估算,计算效果最优,在目标观测时刻所得敏感区最为集中并在目标时刻和验证时刻重合时无虚假信号方差大值区。     

Preservation of the last aggradation phase in climate-driven terraces: Evidence from Late Quaternary reach-specific fluvial dynamics of the Allier River (France)

There is limited knowledge about the preservation of aggradation phases in Quaternary fluvial records. Previous numerical modelling of erosion and deposition in Late Quaternary Allier River (France) generated the prediction that this river has reach-specific fluvial dynamics related to climate-driven tributary sediment-flux dynamics. To test this prediction, new optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) samples were collected of the Late Quaternary Fx terrace at five locations along a stretch of 60 km. OSL dates of both quartz and feldspar sand grains indicate that all relatively basalt-poor sediments display significantly different ages for each reach (ranging from 36.3 ± 2.0 to 21.1 ± 2.3 ka). The more basalt-rich terrace body consistently yields ages in the range 21.1 ± 1.7 to 16.1 ± 1.5 ka, suggesting contemporaneous aggradation along the whole studied Allier reach during this interval. Our own new OSL date of a Tartaret eruption around 16.8 ± 2.5 ka also fits this time window, suggesting a direct link with volcanic activity. However, there are many more dated volcanic events that coincide with the older basalt-poor units, making it less likely that a direct link between terrace-sediment basalt content and volcanic activity exists. The timings of the dated depositional events in MIS 3 and 2 all match with simulated climate drivers and published landscape erosion rates. Counterintuitively, the volcanic Chaîne des Puys area supplied more sediment during the cold and dry Last Glacial Maximum. Basalt content in the Allier terrace sediments reflects climate-related sediment-flux dynamics upstream. The scarcity of older basalt-poor sediment bodies from MIS 4 and 3 in the Fx terrace suggests that less sediment was supplied and/or the intermittent erosional phases in the Allier were very effective at removing them. We hypothesize that this observation of predominant preservation of the last aggradation phase could be a common phenomenon in most climate-driven terraces. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd     

重庆市垫江县水土流失及防治建议

概略介绍了重庆市垫江县区境内的水土流失现状，影响因素，并在此基础上了防治建议。     

黔南地区~3 km油气深孔地应力测量与构造应力场分析

地应力大小和方向信息是非常规油气勘探开发及区域构造应力场特征分析的重要基础数据。为了解黔南紫云地区的现今地应力状态,采用基于钻孔岩心的非弹性应变恢复(ASR)地应力测量方法,获取了紫云地区2877～2985 m石炭系打屋坝组地层的地应力信息,分析了区域构造应力场特征,探讨了油气保存条件。结果表明:(1)黔南紫云地区近3 km处石炭纪地层现今地应力状态表现为以垂向应力为主的应力环境,测点处最大水平主应力方向近SN向。(2)紫云地区近3 km处岩心实测最大水平主应力方向与燕山早期古构造应力场最大主应力方向大致相同,一定程度上反映了燕山末期—喜马拉雅运动对次生油气藏的改造程度较小,有利于黔南坳陷内部油气藏的保存。     

Accumulation Conditions of Organic Matter during the Deposition of Black Shales of the Buxin Formation (Early Paleogene) in the Sanshui Basin, South China

Analyses of organic carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and iron have been performed in order to understand sources and preservation of organic matter in black shale of the Buxin Formation (Early Paleogene) from the Sanshui Basin. The C/N ratios show that the organic matter is characterized by a mixture of terrestrial and phytoplanktonic contributions. The relative importance of different sources depend on climate conditions and most of organic matter is of terrestrial origin. The relationships between C, S and Fe indicate that the brackish environment with alternation of anoxia and low-O2 developed in the bottom waters during the deposition of these organic-rich sediments as a result of a mixed setting of thermal stratification and salinity stratification, the latter being the consequence of intermittent sea water incursion. Bacterial sulfate reduction is the most effective early diagenesis affecting the preservation of organic matter. The intensity of sulfate reduction is related to the relative proportion of met     

铜钵庙-南屯组砂岩成岩作用与相对高孔隙带的关系——以海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷南部为例

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷南部铜钵庙-南屯组砂岩类型主要以岩屑长石砂岩为主,有少量长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩。成岩作用包括压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用、溶解作用等。孔隙度和渗透率随埋深的增加而逐渐减小,在1 500 m左右、1 850~2 050 m、2 300 m左右和2 600~2 800 m出现4个相对高孔隙带。造成相对高孔隙带出现的原因是原生孔隙保存和次生孔隙发育,压实作用、胶结作用较弱和自生粘土矿物包壳、自生石英微晶存在,有利于原生孔隙的保存;有机质热演化、粘土矿物转化过程中,次生孔隙形成。     

New evidence for a glacioeustatic influence on deep water circulation, bottom water ventilation and primary productivity in the South China Sea

We provide new evidence for the development of a stable estuarine circulation characterized by stagnating water bodies, nutrient recycling and increased primary productivity in the South China Sea (SCS) during glacial intervals. This circulation was caused by the closure of the shallow and narrow straits connecting the SCS in the south and west. Our main evidence is derived from newly measured Mn concentrations and Mn/Al ratios in two sediment cores from the northern and southeastern SCS covering the last 500 ky. Concentrations and Mn/Al ratios of the redox sensitive element Mn show clear glacial–interglacial cycles with maxima during interglacial periods and minima during glacial periods. These cycles indicate ventilation cycles of the bottom water, and are connected to the glacial–interglacial changes in sea level. In contrast, total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations display an opposite pattern with pronounced maxima during glacial times, especially in the southern part of the basin. The variations in TOC can be ascribed to two factors. Firstly, variations in primary productivity are controlled by variations in the intensity of the winter monsoon. Secondly to the degree of preservation of TOC controlled by variations in ventilation, which in turn is ultimately controlled by sea level. Consequently, variations in TOC represent a superimposition of primarily sea level influenced preservation control and winter monsoon driven variations in primary productivity intensity. The decrease in Mn correspond to times when sea level dropped 40–60 m below the present level. The larger amplitude of the variations in TOC and Mn in the southern part of the basin compared to the northern site suggest that oxygen depletion and nutrient recycling was stronger in the parts of the basin situated the furthest away from the only remaining opening to the open Pacific, the Luzon Strait.     

THE CONDITIONS OF THE GLACIAL WATER RESOURCE AND WAYS OF ITS EXPLOITATION AND UTILIZATION IN CHINA

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The influence of methane, acetylene and carbon dioxide on the crystallization of supercooled ethane droplets in Titan's clouds

Spectroscopic studies of the homogeneous and heterogeneous crystallization of supercooled ethane aerosol droplets performed under conditions representative of those in Titan's lower atmosphere are presented. Pure ethane aerosols and both internally- and externally-mixed ensembles of ethane/acetylene and ethane/carbon dioxide aerosols were generated in a bath gas cooling cell and their freezing dynamics monitored using infrared absorption spectroscopy. A detailed overview of the spectroscopic signatures of pure ethane and mixed ethane/acetylene and ethane/carbon dioxide aerosols and their phase-dependence is provided. The ice-nucleating efficiencies of acetylene and carbon dioxide aerosols were compared, as were the efficiencies of freezing via an immersion or contact freezing mechanism. The spectral data provided will be of significant use for remote sensing applications, while the nucleation studies have important consequences for models of Titan's ethane clouds.     

海洋沉积物可溶铁样品保存条件的试验研究

沉积物可溶性Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ｆｅ＾２＋含量变化，是反映氧化还原环境的重要指标之一，海洋沉积物Ｆｅ＾３＋／Ｆｅ＾２＋比值已被应用于海洋地质及油气化探上。可溶性亚铁很容易被氧化，为此我们进行了海洋沉积物可溶铁样保存条件的试验研究。试验结果表明，在１０℃以下温度条件保存的海洋沉积物样品其可溶铁Ｆｅ＾３＋／Ｆｅ＾２＋比值在９０天内变化甚微。