The role of diagenetic carbonate concretions in the preservation of the original sedimentary record

The Upper Cretaceous organic rich limestones and marls of the Tarfaya basin of southwest Morocco contain numerous calcite concretions, which formed during early diagenesis. Relative textural similarities are observed both in the concretions and in the host sediments. However, the biological content of the concretions is considerably higher than in the host marls and limestones. Evidence for fossil dissolution in the host marls, and the absence of concretions in some fossil-rich zones, suggest that the difference in fossil abundance between the concretions and host rock is a function of dissolution, rather than preferential precipitation in fossil-rich areas. Consequently, the carbonate concretions appear to represent the 'memory' of the sediment and allow quantification of the original biological components and are potential tools for estimating the original biological material deposited in the soft sediments.     

New Tricks with Old Maps: Urban Landscape Change,GIS, and Historic Preservation in the Less Developed World

This article presents a methodology for a more detailed investigation of urban landscape change in rapidly growing cities of the less developed world beyond typical macrolevel approaches. This research is an attempt to bridge the gap between traditional landscape analysis and geographic information science (GIS). The article presents the preliminary results from a pilot project in Zamalek, Egypt, highlighting the benefits and drawbacks of the two techniques. Rarely used to study the less developed world, these techniques are utilized to assess change within a portion of Cairo's urban landscape. Large‐scale historic maps and high‐resolution satellite imagery, combined with field attribute collection, are the major data sources in this applied landscape analysis. A motivating factor in the desire to examine landscape change at such a large scale is the need to create monitoring systems for historic preservation in cities of the less developed world.     

Relationships of Louisiana Colonial Land Claims with Potential Natural Vegetation and Historic Standing Structures: A GIS Approach*

Louisiana's French, Spanish, and British colonial administrations left a vivid imprint on the landscape in the form of unique cadastral survey systems. The collective distribution of these colonial land claims presents a picture of the colonial occupation of the state. Settlement shows up clearly along the waterways of the bayou state. Equally significant are the areas devoid of land claims. This paper discusses the compilation of the colonial Louisiana land claims map and demonstrates its utility to GIS-based historical geography and historic preservation. By merging this map with other digitized datasets such as potential natural vegetation and historic structures, the seemingly chaotic 18th century occupance of an extremely heterogeneous physical environment becomes patterned, and prior assumptions about the colonial settlement process may be tested with greater precision.     

矿床四维时空定量评价的新认识——以西藏玉龙斑岩铜矿床为例

大型、超大型斑岩铜矿的定量研究正在受到广泛关注,集中体现在现代矿产资源勘探模式趋向于从经验找矿、理论找矿和信息找矿3大传统找矿方法向集成信息技术方向发展。本项研究以青藏高原典型的玉龙斑岩铜矿床为例进行分析,提出了矿床定量评价的4个方面的新认识:(1)区域矿床发生、发展的年代与消亡速率的确定是研究矿床规模与保存环境的重要参数;(2)研究区的古地理、古气候特征有利于斑岩体的剥蚀起始时间的估算,研究区不同时代地层剖面的对比分析以及成矿古地理环境的模拟有利于正确评价斑岩矿床的形成与保存现状;(3)地层、岩体、构造和DEM数据的三维空间定量研究是正确评价"多位一体"成矿模式的重要因素;(4)3S技术发展了三维可视化技术、数据融合和模拟技术,能够最大限度地利用各种多元数据(地质、地球物理、地球化学和遥感等)资料,有助于提高发现大型矿床或潜在矿床的成功率。     

确定含水层给水度新方法

给水度是矿井水文地质中的重要参数。对影响给水度的因素进行了综合分析,对给水度研究方法予以评价,结合试验研究,提出了一种更适合煤矿的测定含水层在天然状态下给水度的方法。     

潘—矿13-1煤层防水煤柱留设影响因素分析及重新留设意义

通过对矿井构造地质条件、水文地质条件、覆岩结构类型、基岩风化带特征的分析,对１３－１煤层原８０ｍ防水煤柱进行了重新留设,并给出了不同情况下防水煤柱的计算公式,且满足生产实际需要,这对进一步回收煤炭资源、提高经济效益有重要意义。     

重庆市垫江县水土流失及防治建议

概略介绍了重庆市垫江县区境内的水土流失现状，影响因素，并在此基础上了防治建议。     

保护多年冻土路基中存在的问题和对策

Ways of strengthening railway embankment basis on ice-rich permafrost are characterized by regulating cooling and warming factors for preservation of the basis in constantly frozen condition (with the help of snow removal, painting, sun-precipitation shed, cross-section cooling pipes, the film cover,and the longitudinal cooling device) or removing icy masses preventively from the basis and filling the cavities simultaneously with not subsiding soils (with use of jet geotechnology). Skilled-experimental development are shined on the basis of new ways of strengthening embankment basis on ice-rich frozen soils.     

石西油田石炭系水动力特征及其与含油性关系

利用油层流体的物化参数对油藏所处的水动力环境、油气运移方向及断层的封闭性进行了分析判断。研究结果表明，石西油田供水区在石007井东断裂西侧，并且由西向东渗人；石007井东断裂具有良好的封闭性，断裂东侧较西侧封闭，水动力也较西侧弱，使东断块油气较西侧易于保存，东断块含油显示也明显好于西断块。石西油田原油的物理性质与水动力环境有一定关系，但在平面上原油性质的变化主要受油气运移层析效应的控制。西断块水动力强，原油性质变化速率大；东断块水动力弱，原油性质变化速率小。油气运移方向为东、东北向西、西南，原油性质也沿该方向降低。     

煤层气与地下水的赋存及运动特征对比

根据煤层气储存体与含水层体地质参数的对比,结合地下运动原理,认为煤层气产出过程中的运动要素与地下水体运动要素基本相近,在考虑气体的压缩性和粘滞性的情况下,亦可用类似描述地下水非稳定运动的微分方程和边界条件求解析解或数值法求解。