强震地面运动的解析解

本文用具有非线性Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ阻尼的断裂动力学的控制方程组或方程来研究水平强震地面运动或垂直强震地面运动，并得出其解析解，数值计算结果显示，本文得出的结果与任意选择的两个强震记录是很相似的。     

巴士系构造的地震危险性

在北东东向分布的华南地震带内,从巴士海峡到闽粤赣三省交界有呈北西向分布的地震密集带。它与北西向分布的巴士系断裂构造相一致。此组构造与华南地区其他北西向构造的重要区别在于,它起自菲律宾海板块的边缘,其动力主要来自该板块向欧亚板块不均匀的推挤作用。巴士系构造是华南地区新构造活动性最强的构造,沿着此组断裂曾有过大量强烈的地震活(?),包括6级、7级和8级地震。在未来10年内,此带的强震活动有逼近粤东、闽南沿海地区的趋势。     

东南沿海地区的断裂与地震

中国东部,相对来说东南沿海地区的地震活动较为频繁,断裂构造也十分发育。地震活动与断裂构造有非常密切的关系,震中与断裂构造的空间分布也关系密切。通过对东南沿海大量震例的调查和研究,分析三组断裂与地震的关系,得出东南沿海地区东西向、北东向和北西向的三组断裂构造,分别构成了区内的衰减构造、控震构造和发震构造,形成了东南沿海陆缘构造活动带。     

Can Damage Mechanics Explain Temporal Scaling Laws in Brittle Fracture and Seismicity?

Time delays associated with processes leading to a failure or stress relaxation in materials and earthquakes are studied in terms of continuum damage mechanics. Damage mechanics is a quasi-empirical approach that describes inelastic irreversible phenomena in the deformation of solids. When a rock sample is loaded, there is generally a time delay before the rock fails. This period is characterized by the occurrence and coalescence of microcracks which radiate acoustic signals of broad amplitudes. These acoustic emission events have been shown to exhibit power-law scaling as they increase in intensity prior to a rupture. In case of seismogenic processes in the Earth's brittle crust, all earthquakes are followed by an aftershock sequence. A universal feature of aftershocks is that their rate decays in time according to the modified Omori's law, a power-law decay. In this paper a model of continuum damage mechanics in which damage (microcracking) starts to develop when the applied stress exceeds a prescribed yield stress (a material parameter) is introduced to explain both laboratory experiments and systematic temporal variations in seismicity.     

Aggregate production: Fines generation during rock crushing

The energy required to crush rocks is proportional to the amount of new surface area that is created; hence, a very important percentage of the energy consumed to produce construction aggregates is spent in producing non-commercial fines. Data gathered during visits to quarries, an extensive survey and laboratory experiments are used to explore the role of mineralogy and fracture mode in fines production during the crushing of single aggregates and aggregates within granular packs. Results show that particle-level loading conditions determine the failure mode, resulting particle shape and fines generation. Point loading (both single particles and grains in loose packings) produces clean fractures and a small percentage of fines. In choked operations, high inter-particle coordination controls particle-level loading conditions, causes micro-fractures on new aggregate faces and generates a large amount of fines. The generation of fines increases when shear is imposed during crushing. Aggregates produced in current crushing operations show the effects of multiple loading conditions and fracture modes. Results support the producers' empirical observations that the desired cubicity of aggregates is obtained at the expense of increased fines generation when standard equipment is used.     

Pits,rifts and slumps: the summit structure of Piton de la Fournaise

A clear model of structures and associated stress fields of a volcano can provide a framework in which to study and monitor activity. We propose a volcano-tectonic model for the dynamics of the summit of Piton de la Fournaise (La Reunion Island, Indian Ocean). The summit contains two main pit crater structures (Dolomieu and Bory), two active rift zones, and a slumping eastern sector, all of which contribute to the actual fracture system. Dolomieu has developed over 100 years by sudden large collapse events and subsequent smaller drops that include terrace formation. Small intra-pit collapse scars and eruptive fissures are located along the southern floor of Dolomieu. The western pit wall of Dolomieu has a superficial inward dipping normal fault boundary connected to a deeper ring fault system. Outside Dolomieu, an oval extension zone containing sub-parallel pit-related fractures extends to a maximum distance of 225 m from the pit. At the summit the main trend for eruptive fissures is N80°, normal to the north–south rift zone. The terraced structure of Dolomieu has been reproduced by analogue models with a roof to width ratio of approximately 1, suggesting an original magma chamber depth of about 1 km. Such a chamber may continue to act as a storage location today. The east flank has a convex–concave profile and is bounded by strike-slip fractures that define a gravity slump. This zone is bound to the north by strike-slip fractures that may delineate a shear zone. The southern reciprocal shear zone is probably marked by an alignment of large scoria cones and is hidden by recent aa lavas. The slump head intersects Dolomieu pit and may slide on a hydrothermally altered layer known to be located at a depth of around 300 m. Our model has the summit activity controlled by the pit crater collapse structure, not the rifts. The rifts become important on the mid-flanks of the cone, away from pit-related fractures. On the east flank the superficial structures are controlled by the slump. We suggest that during pit subsidence intra-pit eruptions may occur. During tumescence, however, the pit system may become blocked and a flank eruption is more likely. Intrusions along the rift may cause deformation that subsequently increases the slump’s potential to deform. Conversely, slumping may influence the east flank stress distribution and locally control intrusion direction. These predictions can be tested with monitoring data to validate the model and, eventually, improve monitoring.     

新疆萨尔布拉克金矿

萨尔布拉克金矿为北疆地区重要金矿之一,位于两个一级构造单元结合部位,矿床受北西向断裂破碎带控制,走向延伸长,规模大,从地表向下氧化矿、混合矿、硫化矿分带明显。明显受构造、地层及岩性控制,属构造一热液蚀变岩型微粒金矿。     

皇城—双塔断裂带的几何分段及运动学特征

在室内航,卫片解释及野外１：５万大比例尺活断层地质填图等专项研究的基础上,论证了１９２７年古浪８级大震主发震断裂皇城－双塔断裂带的几何分段及运动学特征。依据断层的几何特征,活动时期,活动强度可将该断裂带分为３段,分别为皇城盆地段（西段）、上寺段（中段）和冬青顶段（东段）。其中东段是古浪地震的发震段,与西段和中段相比,它具有活动时代新、活动强度大等特点,属全新世活动段。１９２７年古浪地震的发生与其特     

湖北西部恩施断裂活动性评价

通过分析恩施断裂的变形结构、运动学和动力学特征以及新活动和几何分形结构特征,结合断裂的活动时间测定,对湖北西部恩施断裂的活动特征进行了全面的研究,认为恩施断裂变形分段特征明显,活动具有多期次,且新构造期曾有活动,但现今活动极其微弱。同时,确定恩施断裂的活动时间上限为２０万ａ以上,重复活动的周期较长,对附近水电工程建设不会产生重大危害     

地震前兆复杂性成因机理研究的讨论（一）：地震前兆复杂性的表现形式

通过国内外成功与失败的震例分析,介绍了地震前兆共性的一面,如在台网具有一定监测能力的地区,如果发生６级以上地震,震前总能或多或少地观测到异常现象。地震越大震前异常越多,分布越广,持续时间越长,异常幅度也较大,同时章着重对前兆复杂性的表现形式进行了较系统的归纳,整理,主要从以下几方面进行了分析,异常与地震关系的不确定性,主要表现在除了“有异常有地震”和“无异常无地震”的理论情况外,还存在“有异常无