DEALING WITH SPATIAL RELATIONS FOR SPATIAL OBJECTS WITH RANDOMNESS IN GIS

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The potential and prospect for global cities in China: in the context of the world system

Over the last two decades, accompanying their rapid economic development, many `mega-cities' in China have devoted themselves to changing their relationships to the global economy and some have aimed at attaining global (world) city status as a key future development goal. This paper examines the relationship between global (world) city status and the emerging world economic system, and discusses the intense competition between `mega-cities' in the Asia-Pacific region that Chinese cities will face in the 21st century, especially after the Asia financial crisis. It also explores the potential and possibility of achieving global or world city status in China. The main arguments are that only Hong Kong, Shanghai and Beijing have the possibility to attain leading positions in the global urban system in the future. Post-1997, it has been very important for the Chinese government to find a way to coordinate the functions of Hong Kong and the other major cities which allows them to operate smoothly together under quite different political systems. Finally, the authors analyse the relationships between these three metropolises and suggests some possibilities for coordinating their roles in the global urban system.     

港澳地区对中国内地直接投资的区位选择及其空间扩散

对港澳地区在中国内地直接投资的空间分布及其空间转移做了上分析，表明了港澳地区对中国内地的直接投资趋向于沿海地区和与这这有特殊社会文化联系的区位，同时更有向中西部和北部转移的趋势，决定港澳地区对中国内地投资空间模式和转移态势的因素是经济规模，经济增长速率，劳动力因素，经济开放度，与沿海的经济距离等。     

完备格间的保交并映射

本文探讨了格的代数同态的性质和应用,证明了从完备格L_1到L_2的保交、保并的满射φ将L_1的邻元系、滤敛关系、网敛关系分别映成L_2的邻元系、滤剑关系、网敛关系。     

Evolving fluid composition during prograde metamorphism in subduction zones: A new approach using carbonate-bearing assemblages in the pelitic system

The changing XCO₂ in fluids during the progressive metamorphism in Sanbagawa belt of the Cretaceous subduction zone, Japan, was estimated by a newly proposed method. The subduction zone meta-sediments are characterized commonly by four-phase assemblages in the CaO–NaAlO₂–KAlO₂–Al₂O₃ system with excess quartz and a CO₂–H₂O binary fluid phase. Using the common assemblage of calcite–albite–muscovite–clinozoisite, XCO₂ of the fluid was estimated to be from about 0.0001–0.0005 (the lowest grade chlorite zone), through 0.004–0.01 (garnet zone), 0.01–0.05 (albite–biotite zone) to 0.06–0.2 (oligoclase–biotite zone).The paragenetic relationship of meta-sediments from the subduction zones was compared in a wide P–T range to cover the stability fields of aragonite and jadeite. As a result, an excellent P–T–XCO₂ relationship was delineated to serve as a quantitative monitor for the evolving fluid composition during the progressive metamorphism in subduction zones.     

Comparison of relative permeability–fluid saturation–capillary pressure relations in the modelling of non-aqueous phase liquid infiltration in variably saturated,layered media

The characteristic functions relating relative permeabilities and capillary pressures to fluid saturations (k_r–S–P_c models) are of great importance for the modelling of sub-surface multi-phase flow and transport. In order to test their performance and to identify their important parameters, four well-known three-phase k_r–S–P_c models have been tested against published experimental data on non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) migration in the unsaturated zone. Both homogenous systems and systems with embedded heterogeneities have been analysed.     

空间方向关系形式化描述模型研究

空间方向关系形式化描述模型是空间关系研究的难点和重点，目前尚无完善的模型出现，因此进行其模型的研究意义重大。首先论述运用平面目标Voronoi图描述方向关系在理论上的可行性；然后详细阐述基于Voronoi图的空间方向关系形式化描述模型建立；为了验证模型的正确性，给出几个典型的算例；最后指出模型的优、缺点。     

Calculated Phase Relations in High-Pressure Metapelites in the System NKFMASH (Na2O-K2O-FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O)

Using an internally consistent thermodynamic dataset and updatedmodels of activity–composition relation for solid solutions,petrogenetic grids in the system NKFMASH (Na₂O–K₂O–FeO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O)and the subsystems NKMASH and NKFASH have been calculated withthe software THERMOCALC 3.1 in the P–T range 5–36kbar and 400–810°C, involving garnet, chloritoid,biotite, carpholite, talc, chlorite, kyanite/sillimanite, staurolite,phengite, paragonite, albite, glaucophane, jadeite, with quartz/coesiteand H₂O in excess. These grids, together with calculated AFMcompatibility diagrams and P–T pseudosections, are shownto be powerful tools for delineating the phase equilibria andP–T conditions of Na-bearing pelitic assemblages for avariety of bulk compositions from high-P terranes around theworld. These calculated equilibria are in good agreement withpetrological studies. Moreover, contours of the calculated phengiteSi isopleths in P–T pseudosections for different bulkcompositions confirm that phengite barometry is highly dependenton mineral assemblage. KEY WORDS: phase relations; HP metapelite; NKFMASH; THERMOCALC; phengite geobarometry     

Laboratory simulation of water-resources conservation by means of the layout of a series of ponds along a streambank

 The purpose of this research is to describe a water-storage method that is more reliable than reservoirs, and to study the efficacy of interception and storage of surface runoff in ponds. In this method, a series of ponds is laid out along a streambank so that interception of surface runoff can be increased and more water can be stored in the wet season for use in the dry season. The simulated results show that the structure of a pond, vegetation and the extent of land development, topographic slope, and the degree to which a pond penetrates an aquifer affect the efficacy of interception and storage of surface runoff in ponds. Received, May 1996 Revised, July 1997, March 1998 Accepted, October 1997