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161.
Shihong Du Chen-Chieh Feng Luo Guo 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(6):980-1006
Qualitative knowledge representation of spatial locations and relations is popular in many text-based media, for example, postings on social networks, news reports, and encyclopedia, as representing qualitative spatial locations is indispensable to infer spatial knowledge from them. However, an integrative model capable of handling direction-based locations of various spatial objects is missing. This study presents an integrative representation and inference framework about direction-based qualitative locations for points, lines, and polygons. In the framework, direction partitions of different types of reference objects are first unified to create a partition consisting of cells, segments, and corners. They serve as a frame of reference to locate spatial objects (e.g., points, lines, and polygons). Qualitative relations are then defined to relate spatial objects to the elements in a cell partition, and to form the model of qualitative locations. Last, based on the integrative representation, location-based reasoning mechanism is presented to derive topological relations between objects from their locations, such as point–point, line–line, point–line, point–polygon, line–polygon, and polygon–polygon relations. The presented model can locate any type of spatial objects in a frame of reference composed of points, lines, and polygons, and derive topological relations between any pairs of objects from the locations in a unified method. 相似文献
162.
Debris flows are flows of water and sediment driven by gravity that initiate in the upper part of a stream, where the slope is very steep, allowing high values of solid concentration (hyperconcentrated flows), and that stop in the lower part of the basin, which is characterized by much lower slopes and reduced speeds and concentrations. Modelling these flows requires mathematical and numerical tools capable of simulating the behavior of a fluid in a wide range of concentrations of the solid phase, spanning from hyperconcentrated flows to flows in the fluvial regime. According to a two-phase approach, the depth integrated equations of mass and momentum conservation for water and sediments, under the shallow water hypothesis, are employed to solve field problems related to debris flows. These equations require suitable closure relations that in this case should be valid in a very wide range of slopes. In the hypothesis of absence of cohesive material, we derived these closure relations properly combining the relative relations valid separately in the fluvial and in the hyperconcentrated regimes. In the intermediate regime, the shear stress is due to the combined effect of the deformation of the liquid phase (grain roughness turbulence) and of inter-particle collisions. Therefore, an approach based on the sum of the effects of the two causes has been proposed, combining the Darcy–Weisbach equation and the Bagnoldian grain-inertia theory.A similar treatment has been made for the transport capacity relations, combing the Bagnold expression of the collisional regime with a transport capacity monomial formula valid in the fluvial regime.The closure relations are expressed in non-dimensional form as a function of the Froude number, of the solid concentration, of the relative submergence, and of the slope.In order to test the closure relation, a set of experiments with mixtures of non-cohesive sediments and water have been carried out in a laboratory flume under steady uniform flow conditions, with different solid and liquid discharges and different grain size distributions. The closure equations are satisfactorily tested against experimental investigation. 相似文献
163.
We look at the beliefs of the population in North Cameroon concerning water, fish and water spirits in the context of the construction of a dam (1979) and of a flood embankment for a rice irrigation scheme financed by the World Bank. These operations caused a drought that had severe effects on the environment and the inhabitants' economic activities. Acknowledging the new approaches within development and ecological development thinking, we emphasize that local people are part of their environment, and that the environment and people's use of the ecosystem ought to be regarded as a functional unit. Our main argument is that the success of environmental strategies requires that the unequal power relations between the different actors and agencies and the perceptions of policymakers and NGOs be analysed and examined regularly in the course of a project to test their aims and integrity. In addition, the positions of beings and cosmological entities, which in the eyes of the population are 'actors of power to be reckoned with', like the water spirit, should also be included. The hidden agendas of all actors can be as difficult as the water spirit ( Maama Waata ) itself, by which we mean that hidden agendas are equally a part of reality as is the water spirit, even if they are not visible at first. 相似文献
164.
Periodicities in solar coronal mass ejections 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
165.
空间拓扑关系描述是空间关系的主要内容,是与人类的认知概念一致的,在空间数据查询与挖掘等方面有重要应用。很多学者研究了不带空洞的面对象间的拓扑关系,但对于带空洞的面对象间的拓扑关系研究甚少。首先回顾了现有模型,并指出了各模型的优缺点,然后根据简单面对象的8种基本空间拓扑关系,对带多个空洞的面对象的拓扑关系进行了层次组合分析,提出了一种能描述带多个空洞的复杂面对象间的拓扑关系的层次组合模型。该模型能描述带多个空洞的复杂面对象间的所有拓扑关系,而且不因面对象中空洞的编号顺序不同导致模型所描述的结果不同,同时也弥补了4-4ID模型只能描述带一个空洞的面对象的不足。 相似文献
166.
167.
线与面的空间拓扑关系组合推理 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
在原先所提出的空间拓扑关系组合描述的基础上,进一步完善了利用基本空间拓扑关系进行组合推理的方法,并建立了推理表,详细绘制了线与面的所有空间拓扑关系图。 相似文献
168.
GIS中自然语言空间关系定义 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
针对现有空间关系描述方法的缺点,基于一种新的方向关系———细节方向关系,并结合外部方向关系、拓扑关系,研究了自然语言空间关系的定义和描述方法及其在空间数据库中的查询实现 相似文献
169.
170.