瑞雷面波在灌浆加固路基检测中的应用

瑞雷面波在灌浆加固路基检测中 ,既可利用面波波速等值线断面发现可能存在的软弱部位 ,在三维空间上宏观评价灌浆加固效果 ,还可结合少量动力触探 ,间接计算路基承载力。文章从工程实例出发 ,着重探讨了实际工程应用中路基加固效果的宏观评价及触探击数与波速回归分析中的抽样问题     

电子计算机在饲料研究上的应用——饲料蛋白质消化率的逐步回归分析

本文使用电子计算机通过对大量数据的逐步回归分析,研完了飼料中水分、粗纤維、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物及蛋白质含量对蛋白质消化率的影响。结果表明,对其影响的显著程度依次为蛋白质、粗纤維、水分及脂肪含量,而无氮浸出物的影响不显著。     

逐步回归曲线拟合模型及其在气象要素预报中的应用

本文将逐步回归和曲线拟合结合起来,设计了一种逐步回归曲线拟合模型,实例分析表明,该模型与逐步回归相比,其拟合误差和预报误差均较小,具有较高的使用价值。     

THE CONSTRUCTION OF SIMULTANEOUS OPTIMAL EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS FOR SEVERAL POLYNOMIALS IN THE CALIBRATION OF ANALYTICAL METHODS

In this paper a criterion is described for the construction of experimental designs for the evaluation ofcalibration models in analytical chemistry.The proposed criterion seeks a compromise between theD-optimal designs for estimating the parameters of different polynomial models.A computer algorithmis presented for a sequential construction of experimental designs using the optimality criterion.Theperformance of the optimality criterion and the computer algorithm is elaborated for the problem ofdiscrimination between a first-to a third-degree polynomial for the calibration of analytical methods.Anexperimental design consisting of replicate measurements at five distinct levels equally spaced over thecalibration range proved a good solution.     

THE USE OF ADDED VARIABLE PLOTS IN REGRESSION MODELLING WITH SPATIAL DATA*

A simple graphical method for developing regression models for spatially referenced data is presented. The method supplements formal testing procedures and provides the analyst with useful information helpful in developing an understanding of data properties without the need for complex data manipulations. The paper includes a worked example and suggests directions for further work in this area.     

半参数回归与平差模型

从数据处理几种回归模型出发，对参数、非参数、半参数回归模型进行了讨论，指出了它们的适用前提条件。论证了半参数回归模型的最小二乘核估计与附加系统参数平差、补偿最小二乘准则与最小二乘配置之间的联系与区别，阐述了半参数回归估计在测量平差中的应用前景。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Women, Work, and Ideology in the Third World . Haleh Afshar, ed. The Birth of the National Park Service. The Founding Years 1913–33 . Horace M. Albright Theatres of Accumulation: Studies in Asian and Latin American Urbanization . Warwick Armstrong and T.G. McGee. New Tools for Social Scientists, Advances and Applications in Research Methods . William D. Berry and Michael S. Lewis -Beck , eds . Uncertain Dimensions: Western Overseas Empires in the Twentieth Century . Raymond F. Betts. Geography of Sugar Cane . Helmut Blume. The Mines of Neptune: Minerals and Metals from the Sea . Elisabeth Mann Borgese. Geographical Dimensions of Energy . F.J. Calzonetti and B.D. Solomon, eds. Statistical Methods for Geographers . W. A. V. Clark and P. L. Hosking. In The Wake of Columbus, Islands and Controversy . John DeVorsey, Jr., and John Parker, eds. Housing, States and Localities . Peter Dickens, Simon Duncan, Mark Goodwin and Fred Gray. Physician Location and Specialty Choice . Richard L. Ernst and Donald E. Yett. Practical Ecology for Geography and Biology: Survey, Mapping, and Data Analysis . D.D. Gilbertson , M. Kent and F.B. Pyatt Large Scale Water Transfers: Emerging Environmental and Social Experiences . Genady N. Golubev and Asit K. Biswas, eds. The Nature of the Environment . Andrew Goudie. Planning for Population Change . W.T.S. Gould and R. Lawton. The Niger and its Neighbors: Environmental History and Hydrobiology. Human Use and Health Hazards of the Major West African Rivers . A.T. Grove, ed. Remote Sensing of Ice and Snow . Dorothy K. Hall and Jaroslav Martinec. Atlas of Antebellum Southern Agriculture . Sam Bowers Hilliard. Galilee Divided; The Israel-Lebanon Frontier, 1916-1984 . Frederic C. Hor . Plains Country Towns . John C. Hudson. Agricultural Geography: A Social and Economic Analysis . Brian W. Ilbery. Industry in the 1980s: Structural Change and Interdependence . U.N. Industrial Development Organization. Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States . Kenneth T. Jackson. The Industrial Geography of Italy . Russell King. Studies in Linguistic Geography: The Dialects of English in Britain and Ireland . John M. Kirk, Stewart Sanderson, J.D.A. Widdowson, eds. Tourism: A Community Approach . Peter E. Murphy. Cities and Services: The Geography of Collective Consumption . Steven Pinch. An Historical Geography of Europe 1800–1914 . Norman J. G. Pounds. An Introduction to Human Ecology Research on Agricultural Systems in Southeast Asia . A. Terry Rambo and Percy E. Sajise, eds. Discovering Past Landscapes . Michael Reed, ed. Managing the Ocean: Resources, Research, Law . Jacques G. Richardson, ed. Carta fitosociologica de la transecta botanica de la Patagonia Austral . F.A. Roig , Juan Anchorema , Orlando Dollenz , A.M. Faggi and Eduardo Mandez Intermetropolitan Migration in Canada: Changing Determinants over Three Decades . R. Paul Shaw. Chinese Cities—The Growth of the Metropolis since 1949 . Victor F. Sit, ed. Urbanization in the World-Economy . Michael Timberlake, ed. The Al Business: Commercial Uses of Artificial Intelligence . Patrick H. Winston and Karen A. Prendergast, eds.     

Identification of trends in annual maximum sea levels using robust locally weighted regression

Estimates of the frequency of occurrence of extreme high sea levels may be obtained from a sample of annual maxima. However, the presence of a secular trend may lead to serious doubts about the validity of analysing these annual maxima as if they were a random sample from an extreme-value distribution. Robust locally weighted regression, employing a simple model, is used to illustrate how any secular trend may be estimated. The annual maxima may then be adjusted for this trend and more reliable estimates of the frequencies of occurrence of extreme sea levels determined.     

中国七大地区“气候变化—作物产量—经济影响”综合评价

农业作为响应气候变化最敏感的领域之一,未来作物产量可能受到深刻影响。量化气候变化冲击作物产量导致的最终经济影响,需要综合“气候变化—作物产量—经济影响”开展链式研究。文中采用系统回顾和Meta回归分析方法整合了55篇文献的667项研究结果,推导出我国七大地区主要作物（水稻、玉米、小麦）产量与地区内未来温度和降水变化的定量关系,并将其作为农业部门的损失量代入改进的多区域投入产出模型,量化七大地区内与地区间遭受的经济波及影响（ERE)。结果显示：(1)气候变化对我国作物产量的影响主要体现在温度升高上,每升温1℃减产2.6%~12.7%,东北和西北地区作物受升温影响最显著;(2) 气候变化导致的作物减产将对经济产生更严重的波及影响,GDP因作物减产每下降1%将额外产生17.8%的波及影响;(3) 21世纪末,若不考虑CO₂肥效作用,作物减产导致的ERE将占GDP的-0.1%~13.6%（负值表示收益),最悲观情况下ERE与当前我国农业总产值相当（2012年为基准年);(4)不同地区受ERE影响程度的差异较大,因各区之间产业结构、贸易联系及经济发展程度存在差异,西南地区遭受本区及来自其他地区的ERE比华东地区高2.8~8.5倍。     

东营凹陷红层地球物理特征分析及有利储层预测

东营凹陷深部储层是干燥沉积环境下的一套红层,其中的孔一中储层厚度大、钻遇井少,具有较大勘探潜力。但目标区地层结构复杂,埋深从南到北逐渐变大,井震关系一致性不好,储层预测有很大难度。通过综合分析井震特征、优选地震属性、建立井震厚度关系,使用单一最佳属性法、多元线性回归法、基于学习型的非线性储层预测法,得出以下认识与结论：1）研究区红层具有薄互层典型特征,频率较上覆和下伏地层高,地震反射具有中振、低连、低信噪比特征;2）新研发的基于优势频率的流度因子具有最好的厚度相关性,最大振幅、均方根振幅、过零点数、能量半时也较好;3）无论是多元线性回归还是非线性支持向量机,优化的五属性储层预测效果要好于七属性;4）基于交叉验证的支持向量机方法十分适合深部储层小样本储层厚度预测,效果好于单一最佳属性法和多元线性回归法。