New active galactic nuclei among the INTEGRAL and SWIFT X-ray sources

We present the results of our optical identifications of a set of X-ray sources from the INTEGRAL and SWIFT all-sky surveys. The optical data have been obtained with the 1.5-m Russian-Turkish Telescope (RTT-150). Nine X-ray sources have been identified with active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Two of them are located in the nearby spiral galaxies MCG-01-05-047 and NGC 973 seen almost edge-on. One source, IGR J16562-3301, is probably a BL Lac object (blazar). The remaining AGNs are observed as the starlike nuclei of spiral galaxies whose spectra exhibit broad emission lines. The relation between the hard X-ray (17–60 keV) luminosity and the [O III] 5007 line luminosity, log L _x/L _{[O III]} ≈ 2.1, holds good for most of the AGNs detected in hard X rays. However, the luminosities of some AGNs deviate from this relation. The fraction of such objects can reach ～20%. In particular, the [O III] line flux is lower for two nearby edge-on spiral galaxies. This can be explained by the effect of absorption in the galactic disks.     

Optical identifications of five INTEGRAL hard X-ray sources in the Galactic plane

The results of optical identifications of five hard X-ray sources in the Galactic plane from the INTEGRAL all-sky survey are presented. The X-ray data on one source (IGR J20216+4359) are published for the first time. The optical observations were performed with the 1.5-m RTT-150 telescope (Turkish National Observatory, Antalya, Turkey) and the 6-m BTA telescope (Special Astrophysical Observatory, Nizhny Arkhyz, Russia). A blazar, three Seyfert galaxies, and a high-mass X-ray binary are among the identified sources.     

新疆南天山阿沙哇义金矿床的成因与找矿启示:来自流体和硫化物成分的限定

阿沙哇义金矿位于中国新疆南天山造山带,属于著名的中亚南天山锑-汞-金成矿带的东延部分。该矿床严格受断裂所控制,以浸染状黄铁矿化、毒砂化为特征。矿化可分为三个阶段:早期无矿或贫矿石英阶段,中期石英多金属硫化物阶段,晚期石英-碳酸盐阶段。其中,中期是主要成矿阶段。成矿流体气相成分以H_2O为主,摩尔含量为75%～93%,其次为CO_2,摩尔含量为6%～25%,其余为CH_4、C_2H_6、H_2S、N_2和Ar;液相成分阳离子以Na~+为主,含少量K~+、Ca~(2+)离子,阴离子以Cl~-为主,SO~(2-)次之;矿石的Au含量与其流体的CO_2含量呈反相关,与K~+含量呈正相关。硫化物成分分析结果表明:(1)围岩地层和矿石中的黄铁矿和毒砂是重要的载金矿物,黄铁矿Au含量为0～0. 09%,平均值0. 03%;毒砂Au含量为0～0. 28%,平均值0. 07%;(2)黄铁矿和毒砂Au含量与其自形程度没有明显的相关性;(3)环带状黄铁矿较均质结构黄铁矿具有更高的Au含量;(4)岩体中的黄铁矿几乎不含Au。在成矿构造环境、成矿流体特征及演化、金矿富集机制、成矿温压条件等方面,该矿床与世界上大多数造山型金矿显示出一致性,成矿类型应属于剥蚀程度较浅的造山型金矿。断层阀作用控制的断层愈合-破裂导致的流体不混溶作用是本区金富集、沉淀的最重要机制,但流体混合机制对金的富集沉淀也发挥了作用。黄铁矿、毒砂发育及较多的含炭物质三者共存是本区寻找富矿的关键标志。     

蚌埠五河地区金矿床成矿物质来源及其年代学研究——以河口和荣渡金矿床为例

安徽省蚌埠五河地区河口和荣渡金矿床是华北地台东南缘蚌埠台隆和五河台坳邻接区域的两个金矿床。本文通过对比研究河口和荣渡金矿床的地质特征、流体包裹体地球化学、Re-Os同位素以及H-O-S同位素特征,来厘定其形成时代、探讨其成矿物质来源和成矿过程。河口及荣渡金矿床矿体主要呈细脉浸染状、脉状和网脉状赋存于古太古代西堌堆地层中,成矿过程可划分为4个阶段:(1)石英脉阶段(早阶段);(2)石英-黄铁矿阶段(早阶段);(3)石英-多金属硫化物阶段(中阶段);(4)碳酸盐阶段(晚阶段);其中,中阶段为金的主要矿化时期。河口和荣渡金矿床早阶段(石英脉和石英-黄铁矿阶段)的石英内发育富液两相包裹体(WL型)、富气两相包裹体(WG)以及少量的含子晶的气液固三相包裹体(S型),均一温度为322～412℃,盐度介于5. 56%～15. 67%NaCleqv之间,属于高温中低盐度流体体系;中阶段(石英-多金属硫化物脉阶段)石英内发育有富液两相包裹体(WL型)、富气两相包裹体(WG),均一温度为257～357℃,盐度介于3. 06%～7. 45%NaCleqv之间,属于中高温低盐度流体体系。从成矿早阶段到主成矿阶段流体的盐度和温度都发生了较大程度的降低,推测矿化过程可能是由流体温度和盐度的降低引起的。成矿阶段石英中流体水的δ~(18)O值介于5. 01‰～7. 90‰之间,δD_(V-SMOW)值介于-89‰～-65‰之间,表明两个矿床的成矿流体为主要为岩浆水。河口金矿床矿石中的黄铁矿δ~(34)S值介于3. 89‰～9. 65‰之间,荣渡金矿床方铅矿δ~(34)S值为0. 76‰,表明河口及荣渡金矿床δ~(34)S值具有岩浆硫的特征,后期由于岩浆去气作用或地层硫的参与使矿石中的δ~(34)S值升高。因此,这两个金矿床可能是与岩浆热液有关的热液石英脉型金矿床。对荣渡金矿床矿石的黄铁矿进行Re-Os同位素定年,确定金矿床形成于134±19Ma,结合前人对该地区所做的岩浆岩定年工作,推测荣渡金矿床的成矿可能与区内130Ma左右的岩浆活动密切相关。     

Analyses of the Compositional Characteristics and Sources of the Organochlorine Pesticides in the Surface Sediments of Guanghai Bay,Taishan City,Guangdong Province

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are a class of toxic and harmful persistent organic pollutants widely found in environment. Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) and DDTs are two of the most widely used OCPs (Qiu et al., 2004), so it is important to find out their compositional characteristics and sources in surface sediments. Guanghai Bay is located in the south of Guanghai Bay Industrial Park in Taishan City, Guangdong Province. It borders Huangmaohai to the east and Zhenhai Bay to the west, covering an area of about 236 square kilometers. In this study, surface sediments were collected at 16 sites in Guanghai Bay (Fig. 1). After the surface sediments were pretreated, GC‐MS was used to analyze OCPs. A total of 14 OCPs were detected and their content was shown in Table 1. The concentration of ΣOCPs ranged between 0.507～0.860ng·g‐1, with an average of 0.680 ng?g‐1. In general, the content of ΣOCPs was the highest at No. A12 site. The concentrations of these 14 detected OCPs ordered as dieldrin > epoxy heptachlor > P, P'‐DDD > γ‐HCH >endrin >aldrin > P, P'‐DDE >mirex >hexachlorobenzene >P, P'‐DDT > α‐HCH > δ‐HCH >β‐HCH > heptachlor.     

Sources of pollution and distribution of Pb,Cd and Hg in Wrocław soils: Insight from chemical and Pb isotope composition

Human activities in cities affect properties of urban soils. In particular, urban soils often contain high contents of harmful metals even in deeper horizons added to them from diverse sources over centuries of the city development. This is reflected in complex distribution of metals in bulk soils with depth and the complex metal fractionation, but the exact sources of the metals are difficult to identify. This is also the situation in soils from Wroclaw, one of the largest cities in Poland. Potentially harmful elements Pb, Cd and Hg were examined in six profiles located along the major communication route and compared to two non-urban soils profiles located close to the same route. In all of the urban profiles, Pb and Cd exceeded the element contents observed in non-urban profiles and showed an erratic distribution compared to the more predictable one in non-urban soils. The differences between urban and non-urban profiles were explained as the result of contamination coming from more pollution sources in the case of urban soils, the conclusion supported by Pb isotope analyses. In fact, Pb isotopes showed that the contamination sources in urban soils included leaded petrol, coal combustion, smelting and possibly old pre-industrial ore processing, whereas leaded petrol and pre-industrial lead were the only possible anthropogenic sources in non-urban soils. The comparison of Wrocöaw soils with those from cities of comparable size Kraków and Poznań show similar ranges of metal contents with implication that urban pollution oversteps diverse geogenic chemical background. On the other hand, the comparison with other European cities show large variability in metal contents and suggest that urban soils contamination is time integrated and reflects long-term industrial evolution of each country.     

典型铬渣污染场地铬污染特征研究

选取西南岩溶区某傍河铬渣堆场为研究对象,对场地不同位置与深度的土壤及地下水样品进行采集,通过数理统计对Cr在场地中的空间分布特征以及场地对地下水的影响进行了分析。结果表明:土壤中总Cr浓度的水平分布具有差异性,表层土壤Cr浓度由上游到下游呈明显降低趋势,变化率为3.59;深层饱水带土壤中总Cr浓度分布受到地下水流场的影响,场地下游土壤铬浓度明显高于上游;杂填土垂向剖面的铬浓度分布不同于坡残积红黏土,杂填土中铬浓度随着深度的增加而增加,浓度与土壤深度的关系可用y=63.88ln（x）-75.221来表示;而在红黏土中剖面中,铬大量聚集在土壤表层,后随着深度的增加铬浓度逐渐降低,接近基岩面有升高趋势;场地地下水中Cr（Ⅵ）的浓度受深层土壤中总Cr浓度的影响,两者呈正相关。      

贵州上二叠统龙潭组煤系地层地球化学特征及物源分析:来自黔普地1井的证据

为厘清贵州上二叠统龙潭组煤系地层的物源,以黔西南地区黔普地1井为研究对象,采集了上二叠统龙潭组的岩心进行稀土元素分析。结果表明,龙潭组的稀土总量较高(177.03×10^-6～592.58×10^-6),轻、重稀土分馏明显,稀土元素配分模式呈轻稀土富集、重稀土相对亏损的右倾型;(La/Sm)_N为2.63～4.72,(Gd/Yb)_N值为1.47～2.218,表明轻稀土分馏较重稀土严重;δEu无异常。研究表明,其形成的构造环境与大陆边缘与大陆弧相近,推测黔普地1井二叠系龙潭组物质来源以玄武岩为主。     

A critical zone observatory dedicated to suspended sediment transport: The meso-scale Galabre catchment (southern French Alps)

The 20 km² Galabre catchment belongs to the French network of critical zone observatories (OZCAR; Gaillardet et al., Vadose Zone Journal, 2018, 17(1), 1–24). It is representative of the sedimentary lithology and meteorological forcing found in Mediterranean and mountainous areas. Due to the presence of highly erodible and sloping badlands on various lithologies, the site was instrumented in 2007 to understand the dynamics of suspended sediments (SS) in such areas. Two meteorological stations including measurements of air temperature, wind speed and direction, air moisture, rainfall intensity, raindrop size and velocity distribution were installed both in the upper and lower part of the catchment. At the catchment outlet, a gauging station records the water level, temperature and turbidity (10 min time-step). Stream water samples are collected automatically to estimate SS concentration-turbidity relationships, allowing quantification of SS fluxes with known uncertainty. The sediment samples are further characterized by measuring their particle size distributions and by applying a low-cost sediment fingerprinting approach using spectrocolorimetric tracers. Thus, the contributions of badlands located on different lithologies to total SS flux are quantified at a high temporal resolution, providing the opportunity to better analyse the links between meteorological forcing variability and watershed hydrosedimentary response. The set of measurements was extended to the dissolved phase in 2017. Both stream water electrical conductivity and major ion concentrations are measured each week and every 3 h during storm events. This extension of measurements to the dissolved phase will allow progress in understanding both the origin of the water during the events and the partitioning between particulate and dissolved fluxes of solutes in the critical zone. All data sets are available at https://doi.osug.fr/public/DRAIXBLEONE_GAL/index.html .     

Using LM‐OSL of quartz to distinguish sediments derived from surface‐soil and channel erosion

This study describes the use of linearly modulated optically stimulated luminescence (LM‐OSL) to distinguish surface‐soil derived sediments from those derived from channel bank erosion. LM‐OSL signals from quartz extracted from 15 surface‐soil and five channel bank samples were analysed and compared to signals from samples collected from two downstream river sites. Discriminant analysis showed that the detrapping probabilities of fast, first slow and second slow components of the LM‐OSL signal can be used to differentiate between the samples collected from the channel bank and surface‐soil sources. We show that for each of these source end members these components are all normally distributed. These distributions are then used to estimate the relative contribution of surface‐soil derived and channel bank derived sediment to the river bed sediments. The results indicate that channel bank derived sediments dominate the sediment sources at both sites, with 90.1 ± 3% and 91.9 ± 1.9% contributions. These results are in agreement with a previous study which used measurements of ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb_ex fallout radionuclides to estimate the relative contribution from these two sources. This result shows that LM‐OSL may be a useful method, at least in the studied catchment, to estimate the relative contribution of surface soil and channel erosion to river sediments. However, further research in different settings is required to test the difference of OSL signals in distinguishing these sediment sources. And if generally acceptable, this technique may provide an alternative to the use of fallout radionuclides for source tracing. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.