INTEGRAL/XMM views on the MeV source GRO J1411-64

The COMPTEL unidentified source GRO J 1411-64 was observed by INTEGRAL and XMM-Newton in 2005. The Circinus Galaxy is the only source detected within the 4σ location error of GRO J1411-64, but in here excluded as the possible counterpart. At soft X-rays, 22 reliable and statistically significant sources (likelihood >10) were extracted and analyzed from XMM-Newton data. Only one of these sources, XMMU J141255.6-635932, is spectrally compatible with GRO J1411-64 although the fact the soft X-ray observations do not cover the full extent of the COMPTEL source position uncertainty make an association hard to quantify and thus risky. At the best location of the source, detections at hard X-rays show only upper limits, which, together with MeV results obtained by COMPTEL suggest the existence of a peak in power output located somewhere between 300–700 keV for the so-called low state. Such a spectrum resembles those in blazars or microquasars, and might suggest at work by the models accordingly. However, an analysis using a microquasar model consisting on a magnetized conical jet filled with relativistic electrons, shows that it is hard to comply with all observational constrains. This fact and the non-detection at hard X-rays introduce an a-posteriori question mark upon the physical reality of this source, what is discussed here.     

Structure of radio sources at wavelengths 10.5 and 12.0 cm from observations of the Solar eclipse on March 29, 2006

The eclipse observations were performed at the Laboratory of Radio Astronomy of the CrAO in Katsiveli with stationary instrumentation of the Solar Patrol at wavelengths of 10.5 and 12.0 cm. The data obtained were used to determine the brightness temperature of the undisturbed Sun at solar activity minimum between 11-year cycles 23 and 24: T _d10.5 = (43.7 ± 0.5) × 10³ K at 10.5 cm and T _d12.0 = (51.8 ± 0.5) × 10³ K at 12.0 cm. The radio brightness distribution above the limb group of sunspots NOAA 0866 was calculated. It shows that at both wavelengths the source consisted of a compact bright nucleus about 50 × 10³ km in size with temperatures T _b10.5 = 0.94 × 10⁶ K and T _b12.0 = 2.15 × 10⁶ K located, respectively, at heights h _10.5 = 33.5 × 10³ km and h _12.0 = 43.3 × 10³ km above the sunspot and an extended halo with a temperature T _b = (230–300) × 10³ K stretching to a height of 157 × 10³ km above the photosphere. The revealed spatial structure of the local source is consistent with the universally accepted assumption that the radiation from the bright part of the source is generated by electrons in the sunspot magnetic fields at the second-third cyclotron frequency harmonics and that the halo is the bremsstrahlung of thermal electrons in the coronal condensation forming an active region. According to the eclipse results, the electron density near the upper boundary of the condensation was N _e ≈ 2.3 × 10⁸ cm^?3, while the optical depth was τ ≈ 0.1 at an electron temperature T _e ≈ 10⁶ K. Thus, the observations of the March 29, 2006 eclipse have allowed the height of the coronal condensation at solar activity minimum to be experimentally determined and the physical parameters of the plasma near its upper boundary to be estimated.     

吐哈盆地十红滩铀矿床铀源条件

以吐哈盆地十红滩砂岩型铀矿床为例,利用U-Pb同位素体系演化特征,计算含矿砂岩和顶底板泥岩的原始铀质量分数及变化系数,认为赋矿地层沉积时就存在铀的预富集,同生沉积碎屑岩和泥岩都是本区重要的铀源。结合古水文地质演化和碳-氧同位素特征,认为成岩期泥岩压榨水携带铀进入砂岩含水层,在砂岩中产生铀的预富集。     

北京平原区水源热泵应用适宜区划分

北京市水源热泵的应用,宏观上未充分考虑地下水水源地的分布,微观上未注重应用场地的水文地质条件,地下水回灌率低造成了水资源浪费。本文针对北京平原区的水文地质条件,以浅层含水层导水系数、有效导水系数、地下水中的铁和总硬度为评价因子,以水源地保护区及补给区、地面沉降中心区为约束因子,利用叠加分析技术,将平原区分为适宜发展区、较适宜发展区、限制发展区和禁止发展区,为水源热泵的理性推广提供了技术参考。     

普朗斑岩铜矿包裹体、同位素研究及成矿时代

普朗斑岩铜矿产于印支-燕山早期普朗复式斑岩体中。成矿流体来源广、盐度高,成矿温度从高温440℃到低温120℃,集中在160℃-240℃、280℃-320℃、340℃-380℃三阶段,多期次、多阶段性,与斑岩成矿作用特征一致。硫同位素3δ4SCDT‰T为（-2.23-3.75）‰,显示单一深源岩浆硫。岩体黑云母等40Ar-39Ar和矿石石英-辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄为206.4M a-213±3.8M a,属岛孤斑岩型铜矿床。     

西拉沐伦钼矿带车户沟斑岩型钼-铜矿床成矿流体特征及其地质意义

车户沟钼-铜矿床是华北克拉通北缘西拉沐伦钼矿带上典型的斑岩型Mo-Cu矿床,位于华北克拉通北缘断裂南侧。矿床赋存于成矿母岩花岗斑岩及其围岩中,矿化类型以细脉浸染状矿化为主,还存在隐爆角砾岩型矿化和石英脉型矿化。根据脉体类型和矿物组合将车户沟钼-铜矿床划分为四个成矿阶段,分别为(1)辉钼矿-黄铁矿-石英阶段、(2)黄铜矿+黄铁矿±辉钼矿+石英阶段、(3)黄铁矿+石英阶段、(4)石英+碳酸盐±萤石阶段。成矿流体寄主矿物石英中发育Ⅰ型含CO2三相包裹体(LCO2+VCO2+LH2O)、Ⅱ型含子晶三相(V-L+S)包裹体、Ⅲ型富气相(V-L)包裹体、Ⅳ型富液相(L-V)包裹体、Ⅴ型纯气相(V)包裹体和Ⅵ型纯液相(L)六种类型。流体包裹体类型从早到晚具有规律性演化特征,表现为阶段(1)、(2)以发育Ⅰ型含CO2三相包裹体(LCO2+VCO2+LH2O)和Ⅱ型含子晶三相(V-L+S)包裹体为特征,成矿晚期阶段(3)、(4)以发育Ⅲ型富气相(V-L)包裹体、Ⅳ型富液相(L-V)水溶液包裹体为特征。从早阶段到晚阶段成矿流体温度及盐度具有规律性演化特征。均一温度峰值分别为270～400℃、230～370℃、160～290℃、120～230℃,成矿温度逐渐降低;流体盐度,阶段(1)流体盐度分两组:3.39%～14.25%NaCleqv和31.01%～66.75%NaCleqv、阶段(2)流体盐度分两组:1.23%～12.85%NaCleqv和31.14%～64.33%NaCleqv、阶段(3)、(4)盐度分别介于1.05%～21.47%NaCleqv和2.07%～10.73%NaCleqv,盐度逐渐降低。激光拉曼显微探针(LRM)及群体包裹体成分分析结果表明,流体体系成分以H2O、CO2、Cl-、SO42-、Na+为主,贫F-、Ca2+、Mg2+为特征,特征离子比值暗示流体来源于岩浆流体。包裹体岩相学及包裹体测温表明,流体由早期的高温、高盐度、含二氧化碳NaCl-H2O-CO2体系岩浆流体在主成矿阶段(1)、(2)发生流体包裹体的沸腾作用和相分离,伴随流体沸腾、CO2逸失、温度降低等过程导致大量金属硫化物沉淀。成矿晚期阶段(3)、(4),成矿体系趋于开放,流体存在大气降水混入演化为晚期中-低温、中-低盐度贫CO2的NaCl-H2O流体体系。成矿作用机制上沸腾作用是导致主成矿期辉钼矿、黄铜矿沉淀成矿的重要机制。成矿作用晚期阶段(3)、(4)流体混合作用成为成矿作用的主导机制。     

长江中下游池州地区矽卡岩-斑岩型W-Mo矿床流体包裹体与H、O、S同位素研究

长江中下游池州地区区域构造上处于下扬子坳陷与江南古陆之间的过渡带上,近年来该区域内以钨钼为主的多金属矿床勘探方面取得了很大突破,鸡头山矽卡岩-斑岩型W-Mo矿、马头斑岩型Mo矿和百丈岩矽卡岩-斑岩型W-Mo矿是其中的三个代表性矿床。在鸡头山矿区和百丈岩矿区钨钼主要赋存于矽卡岩体中,已有工程探明二者的深部都有斑岩型矿体存在;在马头矿区钼主要以含钼石英脉和辉钼矿细脉的形式赋存于近接触带岩体与围岩中。流体包裹体研究表明,池州地区与钨钼矿有关的流体包裹体以水溶液包裹体(L+V)为主,同时发育含子矿物包裹体(L+V+S)和CO2包裹体(L+LCO2+VCO2)。成矿流体演化分为三个阶段:早阶段温度在350～500℃之间,深度约为1.5～2.5km,初始流体盐度为17%～25%NaCleqv,流体富H2O-CO2-CH4等气体,流体发生沸腾作用分离出高盐度流体和富气相低盐度流体;中阶段温度在170～360℃之间,深度约为0.5～1.7km,盐度为2%～24%NaCleqv,富H2O-CO2-CH4-H2S等气体,流体混合作用使得大量钨、钼、铅、锌等金属沉淀成矿;晚阶段温度在100～160℃之间,深度在约0.6km以下,盐度范围为1%～10%NaCleqv,与成矿作用无关。含矿石英脉H-O同位素和硫化物S同位素共同指示,池州地区与钨钼矿有关的成矿流体来自岩浆水、大气水和建造水的混合,流体混合是区域钨-钼-铅-锌成矿的主要机制。     

构造应力环境对浅成岩体成矿系统的制约:从安庆月山岩体冷却过程动力学计算模拟结果分析

为探讨构造应力环境对浅成岩体成矿系统的制约,以安庆地区的月山岩体及其所形成的安庆铜矿床为例,在传统地质调查研究的基础上,通过假设不同的力学边界条件进行岩体冷却过程动力学的计算模拟实验研究。计算结果显示,在没有构造应力作用时,在岩体的接触带上不可能形成有利成矿定位的局部汇流扩容空间,挤压和拉伸作用都能够在岩体接触带形成局部汇流扩容空间,但二者的空间分布规律有着极大的差别,只有拉伸构造应力作用下的动力学计算模拟实验能在已发现矿体部位形成汇流扩容空间,表明构造应力环境对成矿定位的汇流空间的制约以及拉伸构造应力作用对月山岩体成矿的重要贡献。在拉伸构造应力和无构造应力作用时,接触带上的流体压力都是随着变形的进程而趋降低的,只有在挤压构造应力作用下,流体压力才会有一个超压的过程,流体超压是形成斑岩型矿床的重要机制。可见挤压环境才是一种有利于斑岩型矿床成矿的构造环境,铜陵-安庆地区缺乏与矽卡岩矿床相对应的斑岩型矿床主要原因之一是成矿时处于一种拉伸的构造应力作用环境。     

粤北302铀矿床同位素地球化学研究

位于粤北诸广山岩体东南部的302铀矿床是我国规模较大、埋藏较深的花岗岩型铀矿床之一。该矿床产于印支期油洞岩体和燕山早期长江岩体的断裂蚀变带内,矿区内NWW向基性岩脉十分发育,矿体呈似脉状、扁豆状或透镜状。同位素研究表明,矿石的沥青铀矿Sm-Nd和U-Pb等时线年龄（70 Ma）与油洞岩体（232 Ma）、长江岩体（160 Ma）的年龄相差巨大;主成矿期成矿流体的δDH2O值为-65‰～-82‰（平均为-75‰）,δ18OH2O值为6.8‰～0.6‰（平均为3.9‰）,反映出成矿流体主要由地幔流体组成;方解石的δ13C值为-8.4‰～-5.3‰,表明矿化剂ΣCO2也来自地幔;矿区内辉绿岩的（87Sr/86Sr）i值为0.70861～0.70882,花岗岩的（87Sr/86Sr）i值为0.73519～0.77152,萤石的（87Sr/86Sr）i值为0.71474～0.71697,表明成矿组分Sr可能来源于基性脉岩（幔源）与赋矿花岗岩体（壳源）,并呈不同程度的混合,而主成矿组分铀主要来源于赋矿花岗岩体。     

利用氮氧同位素研究桂林寨底地下河硝酸盐来源

工农业生产的迅速发展使地下水硝酸盐氮(NO3-—N)污染成为世界性的环境问题。地下水中硝酸盐的来源研究在水文地质结构特殊的西南岩溶地区就显得尤为重要。稳定氮同位素和氧同位素在地下水硝酸盐的来源示踪研究中有着广泛的应用。本研究选取岩溶地区典型地下河——广西桂林寨底地下河为研究对象,通过氮氧同位素数据,判断寨底地下河硝酸盐来源是以动物粪便为主的农家肥,为该区地下水的保护和利用提供科学依据。