http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987112000631

Charnockites sensu lato（charnockite-enderbite series） are lower crustal felsic rocks typically characterised by the presence of anhydrous minerals including orthopyroxene and garnet.They either represent dry（H₂O-poor） felsic magmas that are emplaced in the lower crust or granitic intrusions that have been dehydrated during a subsequent granulite facies metamorphic event.In the first case,postmagmatic high-temperature recrystallisation may result in widespread metamorphic granulite microstructures, superimposed or replacing the magmatic microstructures.Despite recrystallisation,magmatic remnants may still be found,notably in the form of melt-related microstructures such as melt inclusions. For both magmatic charnockites and dehydrated granites,subsequent fluid-mineral interaction at intergrain boundaries during retrogradation are documented by microstructures including K-feldspar microveins and myrmekites.They indicate that a large quantity of low-H₂O activity salt-rich brines,were present（together with CO₂ under immiscible conditions） in the lower crust.     

新疆绿柱石(祖母绿)包裹体矿物学及成矿地质条件研究

新疆发现优质绿柱石(祖母绿)受到了国内外学者的高度关注。本文主要对新疆绿柱石(祖母绿)矿的包裹体矿物学及成矿地质条件进行研究,发现流体包裹体主要有2种类型:A型,两相盐水溶液包裹体;B型,三相盐水包裹体(含子矿物)。流体包裹体均一温度变化范围为:270～500℃,主要集中在300～480℃,最高峰值为500℃,属中高温度流体。流体包裹体盐度变化范围为:18%～60%,主要集中在20%～50%,最高峰值为60%,属中高盐度流体。成矿流体密度为0.95 g/cm3。成矿流体的压力约为65 MPa,确定新疆绿柱石矿床类型为中高温气成-热液型。     

碎屑流与浊流的流体性质及沉积特征研究进展

受浊流沉积模式(即鲍马序列和浊积扇模式)的驱动和浊积岩思维定势的影响,自1970s浊流与浊积岩的概念逐渐扩大,特别是通过"高密度浊流"术语的引入,以及将水下浊流与陆上河流的错误类比,使得一部分碎屑流与底流的沉积被认为是浊积岩。随着现代观测设备的应用以及详细的岩芯观察,碎屑流(特别是砂质碎屑流)和浊流被重新认识。浊流是一种具牛顿流变性质和紊乱状态的沉积物重力流,其沉积物支撑机制是湍流。碎屑流是一种具塑性流变性质和层流状态的沉积物重力流,其沉积物支撑机制主要是基质强度和颗粒间的摩擦强度。浊流沉积具特征的正粒序韵律结构,底部为突变接触而顶部为渐变接触;碎屑流沉积一般具上、下两层韵律结构,即下部发育具平行碎屑结构的层流段,上部发育具块状层理的"刚性"筏流段。但当碎屑流被周围流体整体稀释改造且改造不彻底时,强碎屑流可变为中—弱碎屑流,相应自下而上可形成逆—正粒序的沉积韵律结构,其中发育有呈漂浮状的石英颗粒和泥质撕裂屑等碎屑颗粒,明显区别于浊流沉积单一的正粒序韵律结构特征。碎屑流沉积顶、底部均为突变接触。浊流的沉积模式为简单的具平坦盆底的坡底模式,而碎屑流则为复杂的斜坡模式。     

江西铜坑嶂斑岩钼矿床成矿流体特征与成矿作用研究

江西铜坑嶂钼矿是新近发现的中型斑岩型钼矿,矿体主要分布在白垩纪花岗斑岩体内。根据矿物组合和穿插关系可将该矿床分为三个矿化蚀变阶段:钾硅酸盐化阶段、萤石-黑云母(白云母)-钾长石-辉钼矿阶段和绢云母-石英-碳酸盐阶段。流体包裹体研究表明早阶段成矿流体为富含碱质、挥发份的高氧化性岩浆流体,该成矿流体形成压力较大(约1000bar),温度较高(550～>600℃之间)并发生了沸腾作用,分离出高盐度多相流体包裹体和富气相低盐度包裹体。随着温度的降低(420～440℃之间)和压力的持续释放(320～360bar)成矿流体再次沸腾并导致了钼矿的沉淀。晚阶段与绢云母化等蚀变有关的脉体中大量存在的高盐度(29.58%～44.12%NaCleqv)流体包裹体指示岩浆流体为该蚀变作用的主导,该阶段少数石英脉中富液相包裹体的广泛发育可能与岩浆水和大气降水的混合作用有关。激光拉曼和扫描电镜实验在早阶段流体中检测到Fe3O4、SO2,表明该阶段流体氧化性较高,钾长石化发育,属碱性环境。主成矿阶段流体中还原性气体CH4等的存在,以及辉钼矿与蚀变白云母共生,揭示出该阶段处于相对还原的酸性环境,亦表明氧逸度、pH值变化可能共同导致了钼的沉淀。     

贵州太平洞金矿床流体包裹体特征及流体不混溶机制

太平洞金矿床是兴仁-安龙金矿带灰家堡金矿区的重要卡林型金矿之一。流体包裹体研究证明,石英-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ)、石英-黄铁矿-毒砂阶段(Ⅱ)、石英-方解石-雄黄阶段(Ⅲ)的包裹体类型丰富,以气液水两相包裹体、CO₂-H₂O包裹体和纯液相水包裹体为主,CO₂两相包裹体、纯气相有机质包裹体和有机质-H₂O包裹体次之,偶见气液有机质包裹体。由Ⅰ→Ⅱ→Ⅲ阶段,气液水包裹体均一温度(200～260℃→180～240℃→100～160℃)呈现逐渐降低的趋势。在Ⅰ阶段的石英中,只在局部偶见到CO₂-H₂O包裹体和气液两相水包裹体共生;在Ⅱ阶段的石英中,纯液相水包裹体、气液两相盐水包裹体、CO₂-H₂O包裹体、CO₂包裹体及纯气相有机质包裹体共存,它们共生在同一平面中且气液两相盐水包裹体和CO₂-H₂O包裹体测温数据相差不大,说明当时捕获的是不均匀成矿流体,它是由含有机质的成矿流体经历了CO₂-低盐度水的不混溶作用形成的。因而认为,太平洞金矿床中成矿早期流体不混溶作用不明显,主成矿阶段流体的不混溶作用是导致金矿质沉淀的重要原因。     

青海卡而却卡铜多金属矿床流体包裹体地球化学及成因意义

卡而却卡位于青海省东昆仑西段祁曼塔格地区,通过最近几年找矿成果显示其找矿潜力巨大。此次研究主要从包裹体测温入手,探讨流体包裹体的成因意义。并且通过对包裹体进行拉曼探针分析和氢氧同位素组成研究,说明了流体的化学成分以及流体来源,并在此基础上探讨了卡而却卡斑岩矿化带和矽卡岩矿化带流体之间的关系。对卡而却卡矿区流体包裹体测温结果研究表明,斑岩矿化带和矽卡岩矿化带成矿流体均分为高温、高盐度流体和中低温、低盐度流体两个端元,其中斑岩矿化带绢英岩化阶段是成矿主要阶段,均一温度集中区间为260~400℃,而矽卡岩矿化带矽卡岩期湿矽卡岩阶段均一温度也集中于260~400℃,该时期是成矿物质沉淀的主要阶段。可以看出,二者成矿阶段均一温度吻合。并且各自温度区间均有很好对应。通过对包裹体氢氧同位素组成研究,卡而却卡矿区成矿流体均来源于岩浆水,但斑岩型矿床流体局部存在着与大气降水的混合,显示出明显的“d18O飘移”现象。激光拉曼探针分析结果显示,卡而却卡成矿流体为一套以H2O-CO2-NaCl-CH4为主,含有微弱 H2S和N2的复杂组分体系。 综上所述,卡而却卡斑岩型矿化带和矽卡岩型矿化带二者属于同一成矿系列,即碰撞后伸展导致酸性岩浆活动而形成的斑岩-矽卡岩铜钼铅铁多金属成矿系列。     

Silicate-bearing iron meteorites and their implications for the evolution of asteroidal parent bodies

Silicate-bearing iron meteorites differ from other iron meteorites in containing variable amounts of silicates, ranging from minor to stony-iron proportions (∼50%). These irons provide important constraints on the evolution of planetesimals and asteroids, especially with regard to the nature of metal–silicate separation and mixing. I present a review and synthesis of available data, including a compilation and interpretation of host metal trace-element compositions, oxygen-isotope compositions, textures, mineralogy, phase chemistries, and bulk compositions of silicate portions, ages of silicate and metal portions, and thermal histories. Case studies for the petrogeneses of igneous silicate lithologies from different groups are provided. Silicate-bearing irons were formed on multiple parent bodies under different conditions. The IAB/IIICD irons have silicates that are mainly chondritic in composition, but include some igneous lithologies, and were derived from a volatile-rich asteroid that underwent small amounts of silicate partial melting but larger amounts of metallic melting. A large proportion of IIE irons contain fractionated alkali-silica-rich inclusions formed as partial melts of chondrite, although other IIE irons have silicates of chondritic composition. The IIEs were derived from an H-chondrite-like asteroid that experienced more significant melting than the IAB asteroid. The two stony-iron IVAs were derived from an extensively melted and apparently chemically processed L or LL-like asteroid that also produced a metallic core. Ungrouped silicate-bearing irons were derived from seven additional asteroids. Hf–W age data imply that metal–silicate separation occurred within 0–10 Ma of CAI formation for these irons, suggesting internal heating by ²⁶Al. Chronometers were partly re-set at later times, mainly earlier for the IABs and later for the IIEs, including one late (3.60 ± 0.15 Ga) strong impact that affected the “young silicate” IIEs Watson (unfractionated silicate, and probable impact melt), Netschaëvo (unfractionated, and metamorphosed), and Kodaikanal (fractionated). Kodaikanal probably did not undergo differentiation in this late impact, but the similar ages of the “young silicate” IIEs imply that relatively undifferentiated and differentiated materials co-existed on the same asteroid. The thermal histories and petrogeneses of fractionated IIE irons and IVA stony irons are best accommodated by a model of disruption and reassembly of partly molten asteroids.     

Evidence for exhumation of a granite intrusion in a regional extensional stress regime based on coupled microstructural and fluid inclusion plane studies – An example from the Velence Mts., Hungary

A new approach, the fluid inclusion plane technique coupled with fluid inclusion microthermometry and field measurements have been applied to demonstrate the exhumation and relative vertical displacements of an allochthonous, Permian granite intrusion (Velence Mts.) which was situated in the Middle Triassic at the western end of the Neotethys rift system. The pressure and the temperature conditions during the Permian fluid flow (>350 °C and ∼2 kbar) in the granite were considerably higher than during the Triassic fluid flow (<250 °C and ∼0.5 kbar), which indicates the exhumation of the granite intrusion in a primarily extensional tectonic stress regime. The fluid inclusion planes with NE–SW and NW–SE strike prove stress field permutation that can be explained by the exhumation of the host granite during the Middle Triassic fluid flow.It is suggested that the exhumation of the Velence Mts. along with the regional fluid flow can be connected to the passive pre-rift phase of the northern Adriatic Block, during the Middle–Late Triassic. The variations in homogenization temperatures of Triassic regional fluid inclusion assemblages between the blocks of the granite, as well as variations in the fluid inclusion plane orientations, suggest a post-Triassic vertical segmentation and relative block rotation of the granite.     

济阳拗陷东营凹陷盐岩中的烃类包裹体 及其地质意义

本文报道在东营凹陷盐岩中发现大量烃类包裹体,这证实盐岩曾经失去封闭能力,成为油气运移通道。在对其盐水包裹体进行均一温度测试时发现,由于捕获压力与实验环境压力差异很大,再加上岩盐在水中溶解度随温度升高而增大,导致测温过程盐水包裹体体积变化和拉伸效应明显,所以同期盐水包裹体的均一温度出现较大波动,结果也不可靠,而纯烃类包裹体在一定程度上可以避免溶解度变化的影响,其均一温度有一定指示意义。通过对岩盐中的烃类包裹体均一温度初步校正,结合埋藏史和热史分析,认为至少存在两期与盐岩层变形有关的烃类流体活动,活动时期分别在东营期和明化镇期。流体对岩盐颗粒滑动和盐岩层变形有极其重要的影响,重结晶的岩盐晶体及其中的流体包裹体是流体作用的直接证据。盐岩中的流体来源、运移方向、活动期次和流体作用下的盐岩变形温度和压力是需要解决的关键问题,这对于了解含油气盆地中盐岩层对油气成藏的控制作用有重要意义。     

内蒙古宜里钼矿流体包裹体特征及其地质意义

内蒙古宜里钼矿是大兴安岭北段新近发现的具有大型钼矿前景的中型斑岩型钼矿床。矿区地质特征简单,已发现钼矿体主要分布在F4断层的上盘,辉钼矿呈细(网)脉状产出。赋矿围岩主要为二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩和卧都河组地层。流体包裹体研究表明,宜里钼矿石英脉中的流体包裹体主要呈星散状随机分布或成群分布,其大小集中在3~10μm,形态多样,包裹体类型主要有气液两相、纯液相、纯气相包裹体、含子晶矿物的多相包裹体。包裹体均一温度和盐度呈现出双峰式分布特征,均一温度峰值分别集中在165℃~215℃和265℃~340℃,w(NaCl)%峰值分别集中在为3~7和11~14。成矿流体的密度主要集中在0.613 g/cm3~0.972 g/cm3。综合成矿阶段和成矿特征,成矿流体类型为高温低盐度和中温低盐度的中等密度的成矿流体。根据成矿压力估算,矿床形成古深度约为1.24~1.52km。包裹体激光拉曼光谱分析表明包裹体中气相和液相成分均以H2O、CO2为主,并发现有含黄铜矿子晶包裹体,代表了成矿阶段的流体特征。